Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicin...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain,swelling,and cardiovascular disease.The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30%of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents.In the recent years,many biological activities,such as tyrosinase inhibitory,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,anti-glycated,and anti-cancer activities,as well as memory-increasing effects,have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts,indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health.With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits,enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed.This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction,processing,identification,and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products.Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.展开更多
AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney tr...AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9 +/- 2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS: Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION: The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770726)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0400904)
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruits have a succulent and white aril with a brown seed and are becoming popular worldwide.The two fruits have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as popular herbs in the treatment of neural pain,swelling,and cardiovascular disease.The pericarp and seed portions as the by-products of litchi and longan fruits are estimated to be approximately 30%of the dry weight of the whole fruit and are rich in bioactive constituents.In the recent years,many biological activities,such as tyrosinase inhibitory,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,anti-glycated,and anti-cancer activities,as well as memory-increasing effects,have been reported for the litchi and longan pericarp and seed extracts,indicating a potentially significant contribution to human health.With the increasing production of litchi and longan fruits,enhanced utilization of the two fruit by-products for their inherent bioactive constituents in relation to pharmacological effects is urgently needed.This paper reviews the current advances in the extraction,processing,identification,and biological and pharmacological activities of constituents from litchi and longan by-products.Potential utilization of litchi and longan pericarps and seeds in relation to further research is also discussed.
文摘AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9 +/- 2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS: Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION: The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.
