Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and ...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and patients with preexisting liver diseases,who often experience anorexia,nausea,vom-iting,malaise,abdominal pain,and jaundice.HEV infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals.In addition,HEV infection can also cause several extrahepatic manifestations.HEV exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across species.Hence,animals susceptible to HEV can be used as models.The establishment of animal models is of great significance for studying HEV transmission,clinical symptoms,extrahepatic manifestations,and therapeutic strategies,which will help us understand the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of hepatitis E.This review summarized the animal models of HEV,including pigs,monkeys,rabbits,mice,rats,and other animals.For each animal species,we provided a concise summary of the HEV genotypes that they can be infected with,the cross-species transmission pathways,as well as their role in studying extrahepatic manifestations,prevention,and treatment of HEV infection.The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also emphasized.This review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HEV animal models.展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play ...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal.The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy.The diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention.Therefore,the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention.This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers,focusing on esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers,which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272396)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00061).
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and patients with preexisting liver diseases,who often experience anorexia,nausea,vom-iting,malaise,abdominal pain,and jaundice.HEV infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals.In addition,HEV infection can also cause several extrahepatic manifestations.HEV exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across species.Hence,animals susceptible to HEV can be used as models.The establishment of animal models is of great significance for studying HEV transmission,clinical symptoms,extrahepatic manifestations,and therapeutic strategies,which will help us understand the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of hepatitis E.This review summarized the animal models of HEV,including pigs,monkeys,rabbits,mice,rats,and other animals.For each animal species,we provided a concise summary of the HEV genotypes that they can be infected with,the cross-species transmission pathways,as well as their role in studying extrahepatic manifestations,prevention,and treatment of HEV infection.The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also emphasized.This review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HEV animal models.
基金Supported by the Youth Medical Talent of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016475.
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal.The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy.The diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention.Therefore,the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention.This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers,focusing on esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers,which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.
