Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanism of Hewei Jiangni granule(HWJNG)on non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)treatment by examining histological changes,gastrointestinal neurochemicals release and visceral hypersen...Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanism of Hewei Jiangni granule(HWJNG)on non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)treatment by examining histological changes,gastrointestinal neurochemicals release and visceral hypersensitivity-related receptor expression in NERD model rats.Methods:A NERD rat model was established via a combination of basal sensitization and acid perfusion.HWJNG treatments at different doses were then administered.Pathological changes to tissues,mast cell(MC)activation,serum levels of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related neurochemicals,and transient receptor potential(TRP)receptor mRNA and protein levels were investigated.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression of tryptase in MCs,the changes of intercellular space,and the serum levels of substance P(SP),calcitonin gene-related peptides(CGRP)and proteinaseactivated receptor 2(PAR2)increased in the model group(all P<.05).The expression of TRP vanilloid 1(Trpv1)mRNA decreased in esophagus and dorsal root ganglia(DRG)of the model group(P=.030&P=.013),and the expression of TRP melastatin channel subfamily member 8(Trpm8)mRNA decreased in the esophagus of model group(P<.01).The level of esophageal TRPV1 protein increased in the model group(P<.01)and the level of TRPM8 protein decreased in esophagus and DRG of the model group(both P<.05).Compared with the model group,the serum levels of SP,CGRP,and PAR2 in the mediumdose HWJNG group showed significant decreases(all P<.05).The expression of Trpv1 mRNA in esophagus and DRG of the HWJNG groups and the Omeprazole group remarkably decreased(all P<.05),as was the expression of Trpm8 mRNA in esophagus of the HWJNG groups(all P<.05).Conclusion:HWJNG alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in NERD model rats by regulating TRP-mediated signaling.Our results indicate that HWJNG has potential as a therapeutic agent for NERD.展开更多
Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),also known as fecal bacterial therapy,is a treatment option that can quickly reconstruct the normal composition of intestinal microbes,and it has a good therapeutic effect on Clos...Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),also known as fecal bacterial therapy,is a treatment option that can quickly reconstruct the normal composition of intestinal microbes,and it has a good therapeutic effect on Clostridium difficile infection,as well as on other microecological disorders.However,the causal mechanism of FMT efficacy remains to be clarified,its safety is a major problem,and the standardization and acceptability of FMT need to be improved.This review summarizes its current research status and potential research areas that need to be strengthened,and proposes to clarify the safety of FMT and the causal relationship between FMT and therapeutic effectiveness based on germ-free animals.Meanwhile,the research system is combined with multiomics technology to screen the effective bacteria in FMT,and develop standard,safe,effective and controllable flora of FMT.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention to other energy storage devices,such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),potassiumion batteries(KIBs),zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),and so on.Among them,SIBs have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their abundant sodium resources,high safety,and excellent low-temperature performance.Because the cathode of the battery determines the energy density,cycle life,charge/discharge rate,and cost,the research on the cathodes for SIBs is particularly important.Layered oxide cathodes,with their periodic layered structure,good electrical conductivity,and two-dimensional ion transport channels,are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.Currently,the main issues facing layered oxide cathodes include irreversible phase transitions,high air sensitivity,insufficient energy density,surface residual alkali,and the migration and dissolution of transition metals.The key to solving these problems lies in the development of a new generation of high-performance layered oxide cathodes.Hence,we review the current research progress of layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs and various optimizing strategies,and finally summarize and provide an outlook on the future development trends of SIBs.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions.The disease follows a continuum,starting with preclinical stages,progressing to mild cognitiv...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions.The disease follows a continuum,starting with preclinical stages,progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment,ultimately leading to dementia.Early detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective treatment.However,the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive,and mostly are still not able to detect early disease state.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of AD.Various non-cognitive manifestations,including behavioral abnormalities,sleep disturbances,sensory dysfunctions,and physical changes,have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive decline.Recent research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of AD.This review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD,specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the disease.Furthermore,it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.展开更多
基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z171100001717021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803907).
文摘Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanism of Hewei Jiangni granule(HWJNG)on non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)treatment by examining histological changes,gastrointestinal neurochemicals release and visceral hypersensitivity-related receptor expression in NERD model rats.Methods:A NERD rat model was established via a combination of basal sensitization and acid perfusion.HWJNG treatments at different doses were then administered.Pathological changes to tissues,mast cell(MC)activation,serum levels of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related neurochemicals,and transient receptor potential(TRP)receptor mRNA and protein levels were investigated.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression of tryptase in MCs,the changes of intercellular space,and the serum levels of substance P(SP),calcitonin gene-related peptides(CGRP)and proteinaseactivated receptor 2(PAR2)increased in the model group(all P<.05).The expression of TRP vanilloid 1(Trpv1)mRNA decreased in esophagus and dorsal root ganglia(DRG)of the model group(P=.030&P=.013),and the expression of TRP melastatin channel subfamily member 8(Trpm8)mRNA decreased in the esophagus of model group(P<.01).The level of esophageal TRPV1 protein increased in the model group(P<.01)and the level of TRPM8 protein decreased in esophagus and DRG of the model group(both P<.05).Compared with the model group,the serum levels of SP,CGRP,and PAR2 in the mediumdose HWJNG group showed significant decreases(all P<.05).The expression of Trpv1 mRNA in esophagus and DRG of the HWJNG groups and the Omeprazole group remarkably decreased(all P<.05),as was the expression of Trpm8 mRNA in esophagus of the HWJNG groups(all P<.05).Conclusion:HWJNG alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in NERD model rats by regulating TRP-mediated signaling.Our results indicate that HWJNG has potential as a therapeutic agent for NERD.
文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),also known as fecal bacterial therapy,is a treatment option that can quickly reconstruct the normal composition of intestinal microbes,and it has a good therapeutic effect on Clostridium difficile infection,as well as on other microecological disorders.However,the causal mechanism of FMT efficacy remains to be clarified,its safety is a major problem,and the standardization and acceptability of FMT need to be improved.This review summarizes its current research status and potential research areas that need to be strengthened,and proposes to clarify the safety of FMT and the causal relationship between FMT and therapeutic effectiveness based on germ-free animals.Meanwhile,the research system is combined with multiomics technology to screen the effective bacteria in FMT,and develop standard,safe,effective and controllable flora of FMT.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB3809303National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U21A2033251771076+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2020B1515120049,2021A1515010332,2021A1515010153Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2020B0101030005。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention to other energy storage devices,such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),potassiumion batteries(KIBs),zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),and so on.Among them,SIBs have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their abundant sodium resources,high safety,and excellent low-temperature performance.Because the cathode of the battery determines the energy density,cycle life,charge/discharge rate,and cost,the research on the cathodes for SIBs is particularly important.Layered oxide cathodes,with their periodic layered structure,good electrical conductivity,and two-dimensional ion transport channels,are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.Currently,the main issues facing layered oxide cathodes include irreversible phase transitions,high air sensitivity,insufficient energy density,surface residual alkali,and the migration and dissolution of transition metals.The key to solving these problems lies in the development of a new generation of high-performance layered oxide cathodes.Hence,we review the current research progress of layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs and various optimizing strategies,and finally summarize and provide an outlook on the future development trends of SIBs.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32220103006 and 82271524)the Intramural Research Program of NIH,National Institute on Aging(Nos.ZIA AG000944 and AG000928).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both cognition and non-cognition functions.The disease follows a continuum,starting with preclinical stages,progressing to mild cognitive and behavioral impairment,ultimately leading to dementia.Early detection of AD is crucial for better diagnosis and more effective treatment.However,the current AD diagnostic tests of biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain imaging are invasive or expensive,and mostly are still not able to detect early disease state.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity during the preclinical stages of AD.Various non-cognitive manifestations,including behavioral abnormalities,sleep disturbances,sensory dysfunctions,and physical changes,have been observed in the preclinical AD stage before occurrence of notable cognitive decline.Recent research advances have identified several biofluid biomarkers as early indicators of AD.This review focuses on these non-cognitive changes and newly discovered biomarkers in AD,specifically addressing the preclinical stages of the disease.Furthermore,it is of importance to explore the potential for developing a predictive system or network to forecast disease onset and progression at the early stage of AD.
