Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)re...Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.展开更多
Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment...Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms,such as dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4.These fea-tures are closely intertwined with the initiation,progression,and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This review presents a systematic overview of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis,en-compassing iron metabolism,lipid metabolism,and the antioxidant system.Fur-thermore,it summarizes the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in liver cancer treatment,including the mechanisms of action of anticancer agents(e.g.,sorafenib)and relevant ferroptosis-related enzymes.Against the backdrop of the growing potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in liver cancer research,various AI-based predictive models for liver cancer are being increasingly developed.On the one hand,this review examines the mechanisms of ferroptosis in HCC to explore novel early detection markers for liver cancer,to provide new insights for the development of AI-based early diagnostic models.On the other hand,it syn-thesizes the current research progress of existing liver cancer predictive models while summarizing key challenges that AI predictive models may encounter in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.展开更多
Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and ...Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children(boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were(a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and(b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations.Results: Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA(47.2 min/day) than girls(43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys(32%) than girls(28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.16–1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades(junior middle(a OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98) and junior high(a OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53–0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children(p = 0.07),but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys(a OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.19).Conclusion: Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.展开更多
Several special mechanical properties,such as dilatancy and compressibility,of cemented paste backfill(CPB)are controlled by its internal microstructure and evolution.The mesoscopic structure changes of CPB during the...Several special mechanical properties,such as dilatancy and compressibility,of cemented paste backfill(CPB)are controlled by its internal microstructure and evolution.The mesoscopic structure changes of CPB during the development process were investigated.On the basis of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and mechanical test results of CPB,the particle size information of CPB was extracted,and a two-dimensional particle flow code(PFC)model of CPB was established to analyze the evolution rule of mesoscopic parameters during CPB development.The embedded FISH language in PFC was used to develop a program for establishing a PFC model on the basis of the SEM results.The mesoscopic parameters of CPB samples at different curing times,such as coordination number(C_(n)),contact force chain,and rose diagram,were obtained by recording and loading and used to analyze the intrinsic relationship between mesoscopic parameter variations and macroscopic mechanical response during CPB development.It is of considerable significance to establish the physical model of CPB using the PFC to reveal the mesoscopic structure of CPB.展开更多
目前,我国正处于国家公园体制稳步推进,自然保护地体系转型重构的关键时期,明确国家公园的发展思路与理念是我们亟待解决的关键问题。National Parks:The American Experience一书较为全面地探讨了美国国家公园体系的发展历程及发展理...目前,我国正处于国家公园体制稳步推进,自然保护地体系转型重构的关键时期,明确国家公园的发展思路与理念是我们亟待解决的关键问题。National Parks:The American Experience一书较为全面地探讨了美国国家公园体系的发展历程及发展理念变迁,讲述了联邦政府、铁路公司和环保组织等利益团体围绕"国家公园该如何发展"这条主线展开的一系列博弈过程,涵盖了重要的历史事件、关键的推动性人物及相关开创性法案等内容。书中对推动美国国家公园发展的思潮和理念做了总结回顾,尤其是国家公园应该"保护什么"以及"如何保护"的思考,对完善我国国家公园体制、重构自然保护地体系具有一定的借鉴和启示意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204634,82174047,81622051)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22H280010)the Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021ZR03).
文摘Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.
基金Supported by Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,No.252102311168 and No.242102310066the Medical Education Research Project in Henan Province,No.WJLX2024153.
文摘Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms,such as dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4.These fea-tures are closely intertwined with the initiation,progression,and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This review presents a systematic overview of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis,en-compassing iron metabolism,lipid metabolism,and the antioxidant system.Fur-thermore,it summarizes the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in liver cancer treatment,including the mechanisms of action of anticancer agents(e.g.,sorafenib)and relevant ferroptosis-related enzymes.Against the backdrop of the growing potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in liver cancer research,various AI-based predictive models for liver cancer are being increasingly developed.On the one hand,this review examines the mechanisms of ferroptosis in HCC to explore novel early detection markers for liver cancer,to provide new insights for the development of AI-based early diagnostic models.On the other hand,it syn-thesizes the current research progress of existing liver cancer predictive models while summarizing key challenges that AI predictive models may encounter in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
基金supported in part by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16ZDA227 and No.16CTY012)a grant from the Research Program of School Physical Education of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.HJTY-2016-D31)+2 种基金a grant from the Program for Professors of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.TP2014057)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(No.2015ETY001)Shanghai Pu Jiang Talents Program(No.15PJC065).
文摘Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children(boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were(a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and(b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations.Results: Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA(47.2 min/day) than girls(43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys(32%) than girls(28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.16–1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades(junior middle(a OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98) and junior high(a OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53–0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children(p = 0.07),but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys(a OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.19).Conclusion: Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874229,52074212,51674188,51504182,51404191,and 51405381)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2015JQ5187,2018JQ5183,and 2018JM5161)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Program funded by the Shaanxi Education Department(No.15JK1466)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M582685)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(No.2018YQ2-01)supported by the National Research Council of Science&and Technology(NST)grant by the Korea Korean government(MSIP)(No.CRC-16-38502-KICT)。
文摘Several special mechanical properties,such as dilatancy and compressibility,of cemented paste backfill(CPB)are controlled by its internal microstructure and evolution.The mesoscopic structure changes of CPB during the development process were investigated.On the basis of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and mechanical test results of CPB,the particle size information of CPB was extracted,and a two-dimensional particle flow code(PFC)model of CPB was established to analyze the evolution rule of mesoscopic parameters during CPB development.The embedded FISH language in PFC was used to develop a program for establishing a PFC model on the basis of the SEM results.The mesoscopic parameters of CPB samples at different curing times,such as coordination number(C_(n)),contact force chain,and rose diagram,were obtained by recording and loading and used to analyze the intrinsic relationship between mesoscopic parameter variations and macroscopic mechanical response during CPB development.It is of considerable significance to establish the physical model of CPB using the PFC to reveal the mesoscopic structure of CPB.
文摘目前,我国正处于国家公园体制稳步推进,自然保护地体系转型重构的关键时期,明确国家公园的发展思路与理念是我们亟待解决的关键问题。National Parks:The American Experience一书较为全面地探讨了美国国家公园体系的发展历程及发展理念变迁,讲述了联邦政府、铁路公司和环保组织等利益团体围绕"国家公园该如何发展"这条主线展开的一系列博弈过程,涵盖了重要的历史事件、关键的推动性人物及相关开创性法案等内容。书中对推动美国国家公园发展的思潮和理念做了总结回顾,尤其是国家公园应该"保护什么"以及"如何保护"的思考,对完善我国国家公园体制、重构自然保护地体系具有一定的借鉴和启示意义。
