Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)re...Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.展开更多
Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment...Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms,such as dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4.These fea-tures are closely intertwined with the initiation,progression,and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This review presents a systematic overview of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis,en-compassing iron metabolism,lipid metabolism,and the antioxidant system.Fur-thermore,it summarizes the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in liver cancer treatment,including the mechanisms of action of anticancer agents(e.g.,sorafenib)and relevant ferroptosis-related enzymes.Against the backdrop of the growing potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in liver cancer research,various AI-based predictive models for liver cancer are being increasingly developed.On the one hand,this review examines the mechanisms of ferroptosis in HCC to explore novel early detection markers for liver cancer,to provide new insights for the development of AI-based early diagnostic models.On the other hand,it syn-thesizes the current research progress of existing liver cancer predictive models while summarizing key challenges that AI predictive models may encounter in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.展开更多
AIM:To compare the surgical outcomes of glaucoma drainage device implantation(GDI)and trans-scleral neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation(CPC)in the management of refractory glaucoma after Descemetstripping automated en...AIM:To compare the surgical outcomes of glaucoma drainage device implantation(GDI)and trans-scleral neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation(CPC)in the management of refractory glaucoma after Descemetstripping automated endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK).METHODS:This retrospective study on observational case series enrolled 29 patients who underwent DSAEK and posterior anti-glaucoma surgery(15 with GDI and 14 with CPC).The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma surgery success rate(defined as IOP of 6–21 mm Hg without additional anti-glaucoma operation),number of glaucoma medications,endothelial graft status,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA).RESULTS:The mean follow-up time was 34.1 and 21.0mo for DSAEK or glaucoma surgeries,both for the GDI and CPC groups.Both groups showed significant IOP reduction after glaucoma surgery.The GDI group presented a significantly higher success rate in IOP control than the CPC group(60%vs 21.4%,P=0.03).Both procedures significantly decreased the number of glaucoma medications(P=0.03).Forty percent and 57%of cases in the GDI and the CPC group,respectively,experienced endothelial graft failure during follow-up(P=0.36).Significantly worse BCVA after surgery was observed in the CPC group but not in the GDI group.CONCLUSION:Both GDI and CPC significantly decrease IOP in eyes with glaucoma after DSAEK.GDI is preferable to CPC in refractory glaucoma cases after DSAEK,as it manifests a significantly higher success rate for IOP control,similar endothelial graft failure rate,and relatively preserves BCVA than CPC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204634,82174047,81622051)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22H280010)the Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021ZR03).
文摘Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.
基金Supported by Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,No.252102311168 and No.242102310066the Medical Education Research Project in Henan Province,No.WJLX2024153.
文摘Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death,has garnered significant attention in tumor research in recent years.Its core characteristics include aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms,such as dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4.These fea-tures are closely intertwined with the initiation,progression,and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This review presents a systematic overview of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis,en-compassing iron metabolism,lipid metabolism,and the antioxidant system.Fur-thermore,it summarizes the potential applications of targeting ferroptosis in liver cancer treatment,including the mechanisms of action of anticancer agents(e.g.,sorafenib)and relevant ferroptosis-related enzymes.Against the backdrop of the growing potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in liver cancer research,various AI-based predictive models for liver cancer are being increasingly developed.On the one hand,this review examines the mechanisms of ferroptosis in HCC to explore novel early detection markers for liver cancer,to provide new insights for the development of AI-based early diagnostic models.On the other hand,it syn-thesizes the current research progress of existing liver cancer predictive models while summarizing key challenges that AI predictive models may encounter in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
文摘AIM:To compare the surgical outcomes of glaucoma drainage device implantation(GDI)and trans-scleral neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation(CPC)in the management of refractory glaucoma after Descemetstripping automated endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK).METHODS:This retrospective study on observational case series enrolled 29 patients who underwent DSAEK and posterior anti-glaucoma surgery(15 with GDI and 14 with CPC).The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma surgery success rate(defined as IOP of 6–21 mm Hg without additional anti-glaucoma operation),number of glaucoma medications,endothelial graft status,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA).RESULTS:The mean follow-up time was 34.1 and 21.0mo for DSAEK or glaucoma surgeries,both for the GDI and CPC groups.Both groups showed significant IOP reduction after glaucoma surgery.The GDI group presented a significantly higher success rate in IOP control than the CPC group(60%vs 21.4%,P=0.03).Both procedures significantly decreased the number of glaucoma medications(P=0.03).Forty percent and 57%of cases in the GDI and the CPC group,respectively,experienced endothelial graft failure during follow-up(P=0.36).Significantly worse BCVA after surgery was observed in the CPC group but not in the GDI group.CONCLUSION:Both GDI and CPC significantly decrease IOP in eyes with glaucoma after DSAEK.GDI is preferable to CPC in refractory glaucoma cases after DSAEK,as it manifests a significantly higher success rate for IOP control,similar endothelial graft failure rate,and relatively preserves BCVA than CPC.
