Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for...Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.展开更多
岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、...岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、土壤和辐射能量对岩溶碳汇的作用机制。结果显示:(1)1986-2020年,利川碳酸盐岩风化年均碳汇通量为14.50 t C/(km^(2)·a),碳汇总量为4.21万t C/a;(2)归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和碳酸盐岩碳汇均呈现增长势头,增长速率为0.002、0.009 m^(2)/(m^(2)·a)和0.04 t C/(km^(2)·a);(3)降水对碳酸盐岩碳汇具有正向作用,贡献率为63.67%,而蒸散发和温度对其具有负向作用,贡献率分别为27.90%和4.44%。进一步分析得出:植被绿化通过蒸腾作用加剧了陆地向大气传输水分,致使区域降雨增多,这一过程抵消了由变暖和叶面积扩大驱动蒸散发增强的结果,增多的地表可用水提升了岩溶碳汇能力。总之,研究发现植被绿化通过改变辐射能量和陆地-大气水分分配,间接地促进了亚热带湿润区岩溶碳汇。研究揭示了植被绿化不仅是生物固碳的重要手段,还是促进岩溶碳汇的重要方式,对碳中和战略意义重大。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208374)the Excellent Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024YQ009)+2 种基金the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22322814)CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.24CX07006A).
文摘Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.
文摘岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、土壤和辐射能量对岩溶碳汇的作用机制。结果显示:(1)1986-2020年,利川碳酸盐岩风化年均碳汇通量为14.50 t C/(km^(2)·a),碳汇总量为4.21万t C/a;(2)归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和碳酸盐岩碳汇均呈现增长势头,增长速率为0.002、0.009 m^(2)/(m^(2)·a)和0.04 t C/(km^(2)·a);(3)降水对碳酸盐岩碳汇具有正向作用,贡献率为63.67%,而蒸散发和温度对其具有负向作用,贡献率分别为27.90%和4.44%。进一步分析得出:植被绿化通过蒸腾作用加剧了陆地向大气传输水分,致使区域降雨增多,这一过程抵消了由变暖和叶面积扩大驱动蒸散发增强的结果,增多的地表可用水提升了岩溶碳汇能力。总之,研究发现植被绿化通过改变辐射能量和陆地-大气水分分配,间接地促进了亚热带湿润区岩溶碳汇。研究揭示了植被绿化不仅是生物固碳的重要手段,还是促进岩溶碳汇的重要方式,对碳中和战略意义重大。
