Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Method...Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.展开更多
Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for...Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.展开更多
The advancement of hydrogen-based energy systems necessitates innovative solutions for safe,efficient hydrogen storage and transportation.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers(LOHCs)emerge as a transformative technology by...The advancement of hydrogen-based energy systems necessitates innovative solutions for safe,efficient hydrogen storage and transportation.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers(LOHCs)emerge as a transformative technology by combining high hydrogen capacity,excellent stability,and seamless integration with existing fuel infrastructure,enabling large-scale,long-distance hydrogen logistics.Despite these merits,challenges in dehydrogenation kinetics and catalyst instability impede practical deployment.Herein,we present a comprehensive mechanistic review of dehydrogenation pathways across diverse LOHC platforms,including cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane,decalin,dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole,perhydro-dibenzyltoluene/benzyltoluene,bicyclohexyl,and indole-based LOHCs.Compared with previous reviews,this study integrates geometric and electronic effects across multiple LOHC systems to identify cross-cutting structure-activity principles.Building on this framework,it further reveals reactant-dependent rules for active-site regulation,where the molecular architecture of hydrogen carriers critically determines the required catalyst characteristics.This perspective establishes a unified framework that links molecular descriptors to coordination-specific active sites,thereby advancing precision catalyst design for next-generation LOHC technologies.展开更多
岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、...岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、土壤和辐射能量对岩溶碳汇的作用机制。结果显示:(1)1986-2020年,利川碳酸盐岩风化年均碳汇通量为14.50 t C/(km^(2)·a),碳汇总量为4.21万t C/a;(2)归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和碳酸盐岩碳汇均呈现增长势头,增长速率为0.002、0.009 m^(2)/(m^(2)·a)和0.04 t C/(km^(2)·a);(3)降水对碳酸盐岩碳汇具有正向作用,贡献率为63.67%,而蒸散发和温度对其具有负向作用,贡献率分别为27.90%和4.44%。进一步分析得出:植被绿化通过蒸腾作用加剧了陆地向大气传输水分,致使区域降雨增多,这一过程抵消了由变暖和叶面积扩大驱动蒸散发增强的结果,增多的地表可用水提升了岩溶碳汇能力。总之,研究发现植被绿化通过改变辐射能量和陆地-大气水分分配,间接地促进了亚热带湿润区岩溶碳汇。研究揭示了植被绿化不仅是生物固碳的重要手段,还是促进岩溶碳汇的重要方式,对碳中和战略意义重大。展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(82274676 and 82374613)Program of Hunan Provincial Natural Science(2023JJ30458).
文摘Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208374)the Excellent Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024YQ009)+2 种基金the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22322814)CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.24CX07006A).
文摘Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208374,22578497,22478419)the Excellent Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024YQ009)+2 种基金the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22322814)CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0607)Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials(No.202441504)。
文摘The advancement of hydrogen-based energy systems necessitates innovative solutions for safe,efficient hydrogen storage and transportation.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers(LOHCs)emerge as a transformative technology by combining high hydrogen capacity,excellent stability,and seamless integration with existing fuel infrastructure,enabling large-scale,long-distance hydrogen logistics.Despite these merits,challenges in dehydrogenation kinetics and catalyst instability impede practical deployment.Herein,we present a comprehensive mechanistic review of dehydrogenation pathways across diverse LOHC platforms,including cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane,decalin,dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole,perhydro-dibenzyltoluene/benzyltoluene,bicyclohexyl,and indole-based LOHCs.Compared with previous reviews,this study integrates geometric and electronic effects across multiple LOHC systems to identify cross-cutting structure-activity principles.Building on this framework,it further reveals reactant-dependent rules for active-site regulation,where the molecular architecture of hydrogen carriers critically determines the required catalyst characteristics.This perspective establishes a unified framework that links molecular descriptors to coordination-specific active sites,thereby advancing precision catalyst design for next-generation LOHC technologies.
文摘岩溶碳汇在碳中和战略中具有重要作用,然而,亚热带湿润区的岩溶碳汇变化趋势以及驱动因素仍不清楚。该研究选择植被绿化显著的利川市作为研究区,通过热力学溶蚀模型量化碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量,运用岭回归探讨植被绿化过程中气候、植被、土壤和辐射能量对岩溶碳汇的作用机制。结果显示:(1)1986-2020年,利川碳酸盐岩风化年均碳汇通量为14.50 t C/(km^(2)·a),碳汇总量为4.21万t C/a;(2)归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和碳酸盐岩碳汇均呈现增长势头,增长速率为0.002、0.009 m^(2)/(m^(2)·a)和0.04 t C/(km^(2)·a);(3)降水对碳酸盐岩碳汇具有正向作用,贡献率为63.67%,而蒸散发和温度对其具有负向作用,贡献率分别为27.90%和4.44%。进一步分析得出:植被绿化通过蒸腾作用加剧了陆地向大气传输水分,致使区域降雨增多,这一过程抵消了由变暖和叶面积扩大驱动蒸散发增强的结果,增多的地表可用水提升了岩溶碳汇能力。总之,研究发现植被绿化通过改变辐射能量和陆地-大气水分分配,间接地促进了亚热带湿润区岩溶碳汇。研究揭示了植被绿化不仅是生物固碳的重要手段,还是促进岩溶碳汇的重要方式,对碳中和战略意义重大。
