Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by ph...Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by phase transition are always hindering its further development.Herein,a novel medium-entropy Li-rich Mn-based cathode material(LRMEF)was synthesized via a simple sol-gel method.The introduction of multivalent ions(Al^(3+)/Cu^(2+)doping at Mn sites and F−doping at O sites)effectively mitigates the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn ions and suppresses oxygen release.High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)images confirm that this synergistic doping strategy induces the in-situ formation of an approximately 3 nm-thick spinel surface layer,which significantly enhances structural stability and ion diffusion kinetics.Besides,a series of in-situ/ex-situ characterization methods and density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been carried out to fundamentally shed light on the optimized structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanism.As a result,the LR material with entropy regulation and anion doping exhibits excellent cycling stability(189.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 C with 84%capacity retention after 300 cycles),rate performance(164.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C),and voltage retention(82.7%at 1 C after 300 cycles),demonstrating great application prospects in future high-energy-density LIBs.展开更多
The infinite-layer nickelates,proposed as analogs to superconducting cuprates,provide a promising platform for exploring the mechanisms of unconventional superconductivity.However,the superconductivity has been exclus...The infinite-layer nickelates,proposed as analogs to superconducting cuprates,provide a promising platform for exploring the mechanisms of unconventional superconductivity.However,the superconductivity has been exclusively observed in thin films under atmospheric pressure,underscoring the critical role of the heterointerface.展开更多
Layered V_(2)O_(5) cathode holds the merits of high theoretical specific capacity(589 mA h g^(-1))in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),yet it still suffers from inferior bulk conductivity and structure degradation not...Layered V_(2)O_(5) cathode holds the merits of high theoretical specific capacity(589 mA h g^(-1))in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),yet it still suffers from inferior bulk conductivity and structure degradation notably during prolonged cycling.Herein,we ingeniously design cations(Na^(+)/Co^(2+)/Al^(3+))and anion(F^(-))synergistic-doped hydrated V_(2)O_(5)·0.48H_(2)O cathode(VNACOF)to enhance the electronic and spatial effects in the bulk.A range of in-situ,ex-situ characterizations,and DFT calculations profoundly clarify the strengthened ionic/electronic conductivities,structural stability,and Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.As a result,the VNACOF displays a superior discharge capacity(529 mA h g^(-1)@0.1 C),rate capabilities(488 mA h g^(-1)@0.5 C,437 mA h g^(-1)@1C),and cycling stability(301 mA h g^(-1)@10 C@5000 cycles@93%)with sufficient energy density(393 W h kg^(-1)),Furthermore,the pouch-cells with high-load(60 mg)also deliver superior cyclic(2 C@178 mA h g^(-1)@1000 cycles@90%)and rate performance(132 mA h g^(-1)@5 C),revealing great application potential for high-energy-density and high-stability AZIBs.展开更多
The compositions and distributions of monoterpenes,isoprene,aromatics and sesquiterpene SOA tracers(SOAM,SOAI,SOAA and SOAS,respectively)at an island site(Da Wan Shan Island,DWS)were investigated in the context of the...The compositions and distributions of monoterpenes,isoprene,aromatics and sesquiterpene SOA tracers(SOAM,SOAI,SOAA and SOAS,respectively)at an island site(Da Wan Shan Island,DWS)were investigated in the context of the influence of continental and marine air masses over the Pearl River Estuary(PRE)region in winter 2021.The sum concentration of SOA tracers was 6.2–132.8 ng m^(−3),with SOAM and SOAI as the main components in both continental(scenarios A1 and A2)and marine air masses(scenario A3),as well as their combination(scenario A4).The highest and lowest levels of SOAM were observed in A1 and A3,respectively,which were mainly related to the variations in meteorological conditions,precursor concentrations,and the degree of photochemical processes.Higher MBTCA/HGA(3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid/3-hydroxyglutaric acid)ratios suggested a less significant contribution fromα-pinene to SOAM.The variations of SOAI in the different scenarios were associated with differences in relative humidity,particle acidity,and isoprene/NOx ratios.The respective highest and lowest concentrations of aromatics SOA tracers in A1 and A3 revealed the influence of anthropogenic precursors from upwind continental areas,which was confirmed by the correlation among biogenic and anthropogenic precursors.The results of the tracer-based-method suggested dominant contributions of SOAs from aromatics and monoterpenes,with the highest concentrations in A1.A WRF-Chem simulation revealed that the SOAs from the above precursors only contributed 12%–25%to the total SOA at DWS,while the spatial distributions of SOAs further highlighted that the abundance of SOAs over the PRE region in winter is highly associated with air masses transported from upwind continental areas.展开更多
While variable regions of immunoglobulins are extensively diversified by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in vertebrates,the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains also utilize certain mechanisms...While variable regions of immunoglobulins are extensively diversified by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in vertebrates,the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains also utilize certain mechanisms to produce diversity,including class switch recombination(CSR),subclass differentiation,and alternative expression of the same gene.Many species of birds,reptiles,and amphibians express a truncated isoform of immunoglobulin Y(IgY),termed IgY(ΔFc),which lacks theυCH3 andυCH4 domains.In Anseriformes,IgY(ΔFc)arises from alternative transcriptional termination sites within the sameυgene,whereas in some turtles,intact IgY and IgY(ΔFc)are encoded by distinct genes.Different from the previously reported IgY(ΔFc)variants,this study identified a truncated IgY in the snake Elaphe taeniura,characterized by the loss of only a portion of the CH4 domain.Western blotting and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry confirmed that this truncated IgY is generated by post-translational cleavage at N338 within the IgY heavy chain constant(CH)region.Furthermore,both human and snake asparaginyl endopeptidase were shown to cleave snake IgY in vitro.These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the production of shortened IgY forms,demonstrating that the immunoglobulin CH region undergoes diversification through distinct strategies across vertebrates.展开更多
During November–December 2010 aerosol scattering coefficients were monitored using a single-waved （525 nm） Nephelometer at a regional monitoring station in the central Pearl River Delta region and 24-hr fine partic...During November–December 2010 aerosol scattering coefficients were monitored using a single-waved （525 nm） Nephelometer at a regional monitoring station in the central Pearl River Delta region and 24-hr fine particle （PM 2.5） samples were also collected during the period using quartz filters for the analysis of major chemical components including organic carbon （OC）,elemental carbon （EC）,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium.In average,these five components accounted for about 85% of PM 2.5 mass and contributed 42% （OC）,19% （SO 4 2 -）,12% （NO 3 -）,8.4% （NH 4＋） and 3.7% （EC）,to PM 2.5 mass.A relatively higher mass scattering efficiency of 5.3 m 2/g was obtained for fine particles based on the linear regression between scattering coefficients and PM 2.5 mass concentrations.Chemical extinction budget based on IMPROVE approach revealed that ammonium sulfate,particulate organic matter,ammonium nitrate and EC in average contributed about 32%,28%,20% and 6% to the light extinction coefficients,respectively.展开更多
A new kind of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating which is composed of nano,submicron,micron WC grains and CoCr alloy,was developed by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.Porosity,microhardness,fracture toughness an...A new kind of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating which is composed of nano,submicron,micron WC grains and CoCr alloy,was developed by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.Porosity,microhardness,fracture toughness and cavitation erosion resistance of the multi-dimensional coating were investigated in comparison with the bimodal and nanostructured WC?10Co4Cr coatings.Moreover,the cavitation erosion behavior and mechanism of the multi-dimensional coating were explored.Results show that HVOF sprayed multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses low porosity(≤0.32%)and high fracture toughness without obvious nano WC decarburization during spraying.Furthermore,it is discovered that the multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating exhibits the best cavitation erosion resistance which is enhanced by approximately 28%and 34%,respectively,compared with the nanostructured and bimodal coatings in fresh water.The superior cavitation resistance of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro?nano structure and excellent properties,which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of cavitation erosion cracks.展开更多
Climate change is the greatest environmental threat to humans and the planet in the 21st century.Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of the increasing number of extreme climate eve...Climate change is the greatest environmental threat to humans and the planet in the 21st century.Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of the increasing number of extreme climate events.Cumulative carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions showed a linear relationship with cumulative temperature rise since the pre-industrial stage,and this accounts for approximately 80%of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gases.Therefore,accurate and reliable carbon emission data are the foundation and scientific basis for most emission reduction policymaking and target setting.Currently,China has made clear the ambitious goal of achieving the peak of carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.The development of a finer-grained spatiotemporal carbon emission database is urgently needed to achieve more accurate carbon emission monitoring for continuous implementation and the iterative improvement of emission reduction policies.Near-real-time carbon emission monitoring is not only a major national demand but also a scientific question at the frontier of this discipline.This article reviews existing annual-based carbon accounting methods,with a focus on the newly developed real-time carbon emission technology and its current application trends.We also present a framework for the latest near-real-time carbon emission accounting technology that can be widely used.The development of relevant data and methods will provide strong database support to the policymaking for China’s“carbon neutrality”strategy.Finally,this article provides an outlook on the future of real-time carbon emission monitoring technology.展开更多
Atmospheric visibility can directly reflect the air quality.In this study,we measured watersoluble ions(WSIs),organic and element carbon(OC and EC)in PM 2.5 from September 2017 to August 2018 in Urumqi,NW China.The re...Atmospheric visibility can directly reflect the air quality.In this study,we measured watersoluble ions(WSIs),organic and element carbon(OC and EC)in PM 2.5 from September 2017 to August 2018 in Urumqi,NW China.The results show that SO4^2-,NO 3^(-)and NH4^(+)were the major WSIs,together accounting for 7.32%-84.12%of PM 2.5 mass.Total carbon(TC=OC+EC)accounted for 12.12%of PM 2.5 mass on average.And OC/EC>2 indicated the formation of secondary organic carbon(SOC).The levels of SO4^2-,NO3^(-)and NH4^(+)in low visibility days were much higher than those in high visibility days.Relative humidity(RH)played a key role in affecting visibility.The extinction coefficient(b ext)that estimated via Koschmieder formula with visibility was the highest in winter(1441.05±739.95 Mm-1),and the lowest in summer(128.58±58.00 Mm^(-)1).The b ext that estimated via IMPROVE formula with PM 2.5 chemical component was mainly contributed by(NH 4)2 SO4 and NH4 NO3.The b ext values calculated by both approaches presented a good correlation with each other(R^2=0.87).Multiple linear regression(MLR)method was further employed to reconstruct the empirical regression model of visibility as a function of PM 2.5 chemical components,NO_(2) and RH.The results of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model showed that residential coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the major sources of b ext.展开更多
A new water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 15 k Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.Structural characterization results revealed that B.reticulatus Schaeff ...A new water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 15 k Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.Structural characterization results revealed that B.reticulatus Schaeff polysaccharide(BRS-X)had a backbone of 1,6-linkedα-D-galactose and 1,2,6-linkedα-D-galactose which branches were mainly composed of a terminal 4-linkedβ-D-glucose and the ratio of D-galactose and D-glucose was 5:1.Bioactivity assays indicated that BRS-X displayed a strong proliferative activity in T cells and B cells and promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin G(Ig G),Ig E,Ig D and Ig M.In addition,BRS-X could facilitate the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and could significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in S180-bearing mice.The results of transcriptome sequencing analysis illustrated that total 46 genes enriched in MAPK and total 34 genes enriched in PI3 K/Akt signaling pathways in BRS-X group.The protein VEGF and VEGFR expression were significantly reduced under the treatment with BRS-X.These findings provide a scientific basis for the edible and medicinal value of BRS-X.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of Jianweiyuyang (JWYY)granule on gastric ulcer recurrence and its mechanism in the treatment of gastric ulcer in rats.METHODS: Gastric ulcer in rats was induced according to Okeba's...AIM: To investigate the effect of Jianweiyuyang (JWYY)granule on gastric ulcer recurrence and its mechanism in the treatment of gastric ulcer in rats.METHODS: Gastric ulcer in rats was induced according to Okeba's method with minor modification and the recurrence model was induced by IL-1β. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA (VEGF mRNA) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in gastric ulcer and microvessel density (MVD) adjacent to the ulcer margin was examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: MVD was higher in the JWYY treatment group (14.0±2.62) compared with the normal, model and ranitidine treatment groups (2.2±0.84, 8.8±0.97, 10.4±0.97) in rats (P＜0.01). The expression level of VEGF mRNA in gastric tissues during the healing process of JWYY treatment group rats significantly increased compared with other groups (normal group: 0.190±0.019, model group: 0.642±0.034,ranitidine group: 0.790±0.037, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: JWYY granules can stimulate angiogenesis and enhance the expression of VEGF mRNA in gastric ulcer rats. This might be the mechanism for JWYY accelerating the ulcer healing, and preventing the recurrence of gastric ulcer.展开更多
Alcohol fuels oxidation plays a significant role in carbon sustainable cycling and high-performance cata-lyst with a strong anti-poisoning effect is desired.Herein,Pt-Ni alloy supported on the N-doped graphene aerogel...Alcohol fuels oxidation plays a significant role in carbon sustainable cycling and high-performance cata-lyst with a strong anti-poisoning effect is desired.Herein,Pt-Ni alloy supported on the N-doped graphene aerogel synthesized by simple freeze-drying and annealing was demonstrated to have such catalytic abil-ity for alcohol fuel oxidation.Pt-Ni alloy particles were found uniformly dispersed over the surface of 3D N-doped graphene aerogel.High anti-poisoning ability for CO-like intermediates oxidation was demon-strated by the CO-stripping experiment.The as-prepared catalyst was found to have outstanding catalytic performance for methanol and ethanol oxidation with high catalytic activity,stability and catalytic ki-netics.Compared to the control samples,the improved catalytic ability could be due to the presence of oxophilic Ni species and the support effect of 3D N-doped graphene aerogel that combined multi-advantages of large surface area,facile mass transfer,and abundant defects.展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which have high toxicity,bioaccumulation and long-distance transfer capability.Daily variation,source...Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which have high toxicity,bioaccumulation and long-distance transfer capability.Daily variation,sources of PcBs and OcPs in PM2.5 are rarely explored in polluted rural area.Here,the sources and health risks of the PcBs and OcPs were evaluated for 48 PM2.5 samples collected in winter 2017 in Wangdu,a heavy polluted rural area in the North China Plain.The average diurnal and nocturnal concentrations of E18 PCBs and∑15OCPs were 1.74-24.37 and 1.77-100.49,11.67-408.81 and 16.89-865.60 pg/m3,respectively.Hexa-CBs and penta-CBs accounted for higher proportions(29.0% and 33.6%) of clean and polluted samples,respectively.Hexachlorobenzene(HCB) was the dominant contributor to OCPs with an average concentration of 116.17 pg/m3.Hexachlorocyclohexane(EHCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(EDDTs) were the other two main classes in OCPs with the average concentrations of 4.33 and 15.89 pg/m3,respectively.β-HCH and p,p’-DDE were the main degradation products of HCHs and DDTs,respectively.The principal component analysis and characteristic ratio method indicated both waste incineration and industrial activities were the main sources of PCBs,contributing 76.8% and 12.7%,respectively.The loadings of OCPs were attributed to their application characteristics and the characteristic ratio method reflected a current or past use of OCPs.Health risk assessment showed that the respiratory exposure quantity of doxin-like PCBs(DL-PCBs) and the lifetime cancer risk from airborne OCPs exposure was negligible,while the other exposure modes may pose a risk to human bodies.展开更多
Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is gifted with fast Na^(+)conductive NASICON structure.But it still suffers from low electronic conductivity and inadequate energy density.Herein,a high-entropy modification strategy is rea...Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is gifted with fast Na^(+)conductive NASICON structure.But it still suffers from low electronic conductivity and inadequate energy density.Herein,a high-entropy modification strategy is realized by doping V^(3+)site with Ga^(3+)/Cr^(3+)/Al^(3+)/Fe^(3+)/In^(3+)simultaneously(i.e.Na_(3)V_(2-x)(GaCrAlFeIn)_x(PO_(4))_(3);x=0,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)to stimulate the V^(5+)■V^(2+)reversible multi-electron redox.Such configuration high-entropy can effectively suppress the structural collapse,enhance the redox reversibility in high working voltage(4.0 V),and optimize the electronic induced effect.The in-situ X-ray powder diffraction and in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests efficaciously confirm the robust structu ral recovery and far lower polarization throughout an entire charge-discharge cycle during 1.6-4.3 V,respectively.Moreover,the density functional theory calculations clarify the stronger metallicity of high-entropy electrode than the bare that is derived from the more mobile free electrons surrounding the vicinity of Fermi level.By grace of high-entropy design and multi-electron transfer reactions,the optimal Na_(3)V_(1.7)(GaCrAlFeIn)_(0.06)(PO_(4))_(3)can exhibit perfect cycling/rate performances(90.97%@5000 cycles@30 C;112 mA h g^(-1)@10 C and 109 mA h g^(-1)@30 C,2.0-4.3 V).Furthermore,it can supply ultra-high185 mA h g^(-1)capacity with fa ntastic energy density(522 W h kg^(-1))in half-cells(1.4-4.3 V),and competitive capacity(121 mA h g^(-1))as well as energy density(402 W h kg^(-1))in full-cells(1.6-4.1 V),demonstrating enormous application potential for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Cavitation erosion （CE） is the predominant cause for the failure of overflow components in fluid machinery. Advanced coatings have provided an effective solution to cavitation erosion due to the rapid development of...Cavitation erosion （CE） is the predominant cause for the failure of overflow components in fluid machinery. Advanced coatings have provided an effective solution to cavitation erosion due to the rapid development of surface engineering techniques. However, the influence of coating structures on CE resistance has not been sys- tematically studied. To better understand their relationship, micro-nano and conventional WC-10Co4Cr cermet coat- ings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel spray- ing（HVOF）, and their microstructures are analyzed by OM, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, characterizations of mechan- ical and electrochemical properties of the coatings are carried out, as well as the coatings＇ resistance to CE in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution, and the cavitation mechanisms are explored. Results show that micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses dense microstructure, excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties, with very low porosity of 0.26 4-0.07% and extraordinary fracture toughness of 5.58 4-0.51 MPa.m1/2. Moreover, the CE resistance of micro-nano coating is enhanced above 50% than conventional coating at the steady CE period in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution. The superior CE resistance of micro- nano WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro-nano structure and properties, which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of CE crack. Thus,a new method is proposed to enhance the CE resistance of WC-10Co4Cr coating by manipulating the microstructure.展开更多
In fall–winter, 2007–2013, visibility and light scattering coefficients（b sp） were measured along with PM_（2.5）mass concentrations and chemical compositions at a background site in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） r...In fall–winter, 2007–2013, visibility and light scattering coefficients（b sp） were measured along with PM_（2.5）mass concentrations and chemical compositions at a background site in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region. The daily average visibility increased significantly（p 〈 0.01） at a rate of 1.1 km/year, yet its median stabilized at ~13 km. No haze days occurred when the 24-hr mean PM_（2.5）mass concentration was below 75 μg/m^3. By multiple linear regression on the chemical budget of particle scattering coefficient（b sp）, we obtained site-specific mass scattering efficiency（MSE） values of 6.5 ± 0.2, 2.6 ± 0.3, 2.4 ± 0.7 and 7.3 ± 1.2 m2/g,respectively, for organic matter（OM）, ammonium sulfate（AS）, ammonium nitrate（AN） and sea salt（SS）. The reconstructed light extinction coefficient（b ext） based on the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments（IMPROVE） algorithm with our site-specific MSE revealed that OM, AS, AN, SS and light-absorbing carbon（LAC） on average contributed 45.9% ± 1.6%,25.6% ± 1.2%, 12.0% ± 0.7%, 11.2% ± 0.9% and 5.4% ± 0.3% to light extinction, respectively.Averaged b ext displayed a significant reduction rate of 14.1/Mm·year（p 〈 0.05）; this rate would be 82% higher if it were not counteracted by increasing relative humidity（RH） and hygroscopic growth factor（f（RH）） at rates of 2.5% and 0.16/year-1（p 〈 0.01）, respectively, during the fall–winter, 2007–2013. This growth of RH and f（RH） partly offsets the positive effects of lowered AS in improving visibility, and aggravated the negative effects of increasing AN to impair visibility.展开更多
AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney tr...AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9 +/- 2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS: Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION: The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1505700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22475214, 22205232, 52102216)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2023J06044,2022J01625, 2022-S-002)the Talent Plan of Shanghai BranchChinese Academy of Sciences (CASSHB-QNPD-2023-020)the Selfdeployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CXZX-2022-JQ06 and CXZX-2022-GH03)the Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology,the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(202305a12020006)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (2025-22)the Innovation Training Program for College Students(2025019300A, 20250193008)
文摘Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by phase transition are always hindering its further development.Herein,a novel medium-entropy Li-rich Mn-based cathode material(LRMEF)was synthesized via a simple sol-gel method.The introduction of multivalent ions(Al^(3+)/Cu^(2+)doping at Mn sites and F−doping at O sites)effectively mitigates the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn ions and suppresses oxygen release.High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)images confirm that this synergistic doping strategy induces the in-situ formation of an approximately 3 nm-thick spinel surface layer,which significantly enhances structural stability and ion diffusion kinetics.Besides,a series of in-situ/ex-situ characterization methods and density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been carried out to fundamentally shed light on the optimized structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanism.As a result,the LR material with entropy regulation and anion doping exhibits excellent cycling stability(189.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 C with 84%capacity retention after 300 cycles),rate performance(164.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C),and voltage retention(82.7%at 1 C after 300 cycles),demonstrating great application prospects in future high-energy-density LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[52125307(to P.G.),12404192(to R.C.S),12274061(to L.Q.)]Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2023YFA1406301)the support from the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘The infinite-layer nickelates,proposed as analogs to superconducting cuprates,provide a promising platform for exploring the mechanisms of unconventional superconductivity.However,the superconductivity has been exclusively observed in thin films under atmospheric pressure,underscoring the critical role of the heterointerface.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1505700,2019YFA0210403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102216)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01625,2022-S-002)the Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology,the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(202305a12020006)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry(2025-22)the Innovation Training Program for College Students(cxxl-2024131,cxxl-2024136)support by Transmission Electron Microscope Platform and High-performance Computing Platform of Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China。
文摘Layered V_(2)O_(5) cathode holds the merits of high theoretical specific capacity(589 mA h g^(-1))in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),yet it still suffers from inferior bulk conductivity and structure degradation notably during prolonged cycling.Herein,we ingeniously design cations(Na^(+)/Co^(2+)/Al^(3+))and anion(F^(-))synergistic-doped hydrated V_(2)O_(5)·0.48H_(2)O cathode(VNACOF)to enhance the electronic and spatial effects in the bulk.A range of in-situ,ex-situ characterizations,and DFT calculations profoundly clarify the strengthened ionic/electronic conductivities,structural stability,and Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.As a result,the VNACOF displays a superior discharge capacity(529 mA h g^(-1)@0.1 C),rate capabilities(488 mA h g^(-1)@0.5 C,437 mA h g^(-1)@1C),and cycling stability(301 mA h g^(-1)@10 C@5000 cycles@93%)with sufficient energy density(393 W h kg^(-1)),Furthermore,the pouch-cells with high-load(60 mg)also deliver superior cyclic(2 C@178 mA h g^(-1)@1000 cycles@90%)and rate performance(132 mA h g^(-1)@5 C),revealing great application potential for high-energy-density and high-stability AZIBs.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42230701,91644215)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.42122062 and 42307137)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515010852)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.23hytd002)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP218)L.M.acknowledges the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.ZH22036201210115PWC).
文摘The compositions and distributions of monoterpenes,isoprene,aromatics and sesquiterpene SOA tracers(SOAM,SOAI,SOAA and SOAS,respectively)at an island site(Da Wan Shan Island,DWS)were investigated in the context of the influence of continental and marine air masses over the Pearl River Estuary(PRE)region in winter 2021.The sum concentration of SOA tracers was 6.2–132.8 ng m^(−3),with SOAM and SOAI as the main components in both continental(scenarios A1 and A2)and marine air masses(scenario A3),as well as their combination(scenario A4).The highest and lowest levels of SOAM were observed in A1 and A3,respectively,which were mainly related to the variations in meteorological conditions,precursor concentrations,and the degree of photochemical processes.Higher MBTCA/HGA(3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid/3-hydroxyglutaric acid)ratios suggested a less significant contribution fromα-pinene to SOAM.The variations of SOAI in the different scenarios were associated with differences in relative humidity,particle acidity,and isoprene/NOx ratios.The respective highest and lowest concentrations of aromatics SOA tracers in A1 and A3 revealed the influence of anthropogenic precursors from upwind continental areas,which was confirmed by the correlation among biogenic and anthropogenic precursors.The results of the tracer-based-method suggested dominant contributions of SOAs from aromatics and monoterpenes,with the highest concentrations in A1.A WRF-Chem simulation revealed that the SOAs from the above precursors only contributed 12%–25%to the total SOA at DWS,while the spatial distributions of SOAs further highlighted that the abundance of SOAs over the PRE region in winter is highly associated with air masses transported from upwind continental areas.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Southwest Minzu University(ZYN2023097)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Research in Southwest Minzu University(2024CXTD13)。
文摘While variable regions of immunoglobulins are extensively diversified by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in vertebrates,the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains also utilize certain mechanisms to produce diversity,including class switch recombination(CSR),subclass differentiation,and alternative expression of the same gene.Many species of birds,reptiles,and amphibians express a truncated isoform of immunoglobulin Y(IgY),termed IgY(ΔFc),which lacks theυCH3 andυCH4 domains.In Anseriformes,IgY(ΔFc)arises from alternative transcriptional termination sites within the sameυgene,whereas in some turtles,intact IgY and IgY(ΔFc)are encoded by distinct genes.Different from the previously reported IgY(ΔFc)variants,this study identified a truncated IgY in the snake Elaphe taeniura,characterized by the loss of only a portion of the CH4 domain.Western blotting and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry confirmed that this truncated IgY is generated by post-translational cleavage at N338 within the IgY heavy chain constant(CH)region.Furthermore,both human and snake asparaginyl endopeptidase were shown to cleave snake IgY in vitro.These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the production of shortened IgY forms,demonstrating that the immunoglobulin CH region undergoes diversification through distinct strategies across vertebrates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821003,41025012)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Funds (No. U0833003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. 7118013)the Bureau of Science,Technology and Information of Guangzhou (No. 2010U1-E00601-2)
文摘During November–December 2010 aerosol scattering coefficients were monitored using a single-waved （525 nm） Nephelometer at a regional monitoring station in the central Pearl River Delta region and 24-hr fine particle （PM 2.5） samples were also collected during the period using quartz filters for the analysis of major chemical components including organic carbon （OC）,elemental carbon （EC）,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium.In average,these five components accounted for about 85% of PM 2.5 mass and contributed 42% （OC）,19% （SO 4 2 -）,12% （NO 3 -）,8.4% （NH 4＋） and 3.7% （EC）,to PM 2.5 mass.A relatively higher mass scattering efficiency of 5.3 m 2/g was obtained for fine particles based on the linear regression between scattering coefficients and PM 2.5 mass concentrations.Chemical extinction budget based on IMPROVE approach revealed that ammonium sulfate,particulate organic matter,ammonium nitrate and EC in average contributed about 32%,28%,20% and 6% to the light extinction coefficients,respectively.
基金Projects(51422507,51379168)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new kind of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating which is composed of nano,submicron,micron WC grains and CoCr alloy,was developed by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.Porosity,microhardness,fracture toughness and cavitation erosion resistance of the multi-dimensional coating were investigated in comparison with the bimodal and nanostructured WC?10Co4Cr coatings.Moreover,the cavitation erosion behavior and mechanism of the multi-dimensional coating were explored.Results show that HVOF sprayed multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses low porosity(≤0.32%)and high fracture toughness without obvious nano WC decarburization during spraying.Furthermore,it is discovered that the multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating exhibits the best cavitation erosion resistance which is enhanced by approximately 28%and 34%,respectively,compared with the nanostructured and bimodal coatings in fresh water.The superior cavitation resistance of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro?nano structure and excellent properties,which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of cavitation erosion cracks.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71874097 and 41921005)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ19032)+1 种基金the Qiu Shi Science & Technologies Foundationthe Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Commission College Stability Support Project (WDZC20200819173345002)
文摘Climate change is the greatest environmental threat to humans and the planet in the 21st century.Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of the increasing number of extreme climate events.Cumulative carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions showed a linear relationship with cumulative temperature rise since the pre-industrial stage,and this accounts for approximately 80%of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gases.Therefore,accurate and reliable carbon emission data are the foundation and scientific basis for most emission reduction policymaking and target setting.Currently,China has made clear the ambitious goal of achieving the peak of carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.The development of a finer-grained spatiotemporal carbon emission database is urgently needed to achieve more accurate carbon emission monitoring for continuous implementation and the iterative improvement of emission reduction policies.Near-real-time carbon emission monitoring is not only a major national demand but also a scientific question at the frontier of this discipline.This article reviews existing annual-based carbon accounting methods,with a focus on the newly developed real-time carbon emission technology and its current application trends.We also present a framework for the latest near-real-time carbon emission accounting technology that can be widely used.The development of relevant data and methods will provide strong database support to the policymaking for China’s“carbon neutrality”strategy.Finally,this article provides an outlook on the future of real-time carbon emission monitoring technology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41967050/41722305)the State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,GIGCAS(No.SKLOG201915)+1 种基金the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(No.2019B121205006)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z134)。
文摘Atmospheric visibility can directly reflect the air quality.In this study,we measured watersoluble ions(WSIs),organic and element carbon(OC and EC)in PM 2.5 from September 2017 to August 2018 in Urumqi,NW China.The results show that SO4^2-,NO 3^(-)and NH4^(+)were the major WSIs,together accounting for 7.32%-84.12%of PM 2.5 mass.Total carbon(TC=OC+EC)accounted for 12.12%of PM 2.5 mass on average.And OC/EC>2 indicated the formation of secondary organic carbon(SOC).The levels of SO4^2-,NO3^(-)and NH4^(+)in low visibility days were much higher than those in high visibility days.Relative humidity(RH)played a key role in affecting visibility.The extinction coefficient(b ext)that estimated via Koschmieder formula with visibility was the highest in winter(1441.05±739.95 Mm-1),and the lowest in summer(128.58±58.00 Mm^(-)1).The b ext that estimated via IMPROVE formula with PM 2.5 chemical component was mainly contributed by(NH 4)2 SO4 and NH4 NO3.The b ext values calculated by both approaches presented a good correlation with each other(R^2=0.87).Multiple linear regression(MLR)method was further employed to reconstruct the empirical regression model of visibility as a function of PM 2.5 chemical components,NO_(2) and RH.The results of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model showed that residential coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the major sources of b ext.
基金supported by the Open Project Program of Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy(FZBC2020009)the Open Research Fund Program of Departmental and Municipal Co-construction of Crops Genetic Improvement of Hill Land Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(2021CGIHL02)+2 种基金Science and Technology Support Project of Nanchong Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province(20YFZJ0053 and 20YFZJ0054)the Sericulture Innovation Team of Sichuan Province(SCCXTD-2021-17)Laboratory of Sichuan Province(2021CGIHL02)。
文摘A new water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 15 k Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.Structural characterization results revealed that B.reticulatus Schaeff polysaccharide(BRS-X)had a backbone of 1,6-linkedα-D-galactose and 1,2,6-linkedα-D-galactose which branches were mainly composed of a terminal 4-linkedβ-D-glucose and the ratio of D-galactose and D-glucose was 5:1.Bioactivity assays indicated that BRS-X displayed a strong proliferative activity in T cells and B cells and promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin G(Ig G),Ig E,Ig D and Ig M.In addition,BRS-X could facilitate the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and could significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in S180-bearing mice.The results of transcriptome sequencing analysis illustrated that total 46 genes enriched in MAPK and total 34 genes enriched in PI3 K/Akt signaling pathways in BRS-X group.The protein VEGF and VEGFR expression were significantly reduced under the treatment with BRS-X.These findings provide a scientific basis for the edible and medicinal value of BRS-X.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Bureau of Health of Hunan Province, No. 202053
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of Jianweiyuyang (JWYY)granule on gastric ulcer recurrence and its mechanism in the treatment of gastric ulcer in rats.METHODS: Gastric ulcer in rats was induced according to Okeba's method with minor modification and the recurrence model was induced by IL-1β. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA (VEGF mRNA) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in gastric ulcer and microvessel density (MVD) adjacent to the ulcer margin was examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: MVD was higher in the JWYY treatment group (14.0±2.62) compared with the normal, model and ranitidine treatment groups (2.2±0.84, 8.8±0.97, 10.4±0.97) in rats (P＜0.01). The expression level of VEGF mRNA in gastric tissues during the healing process of JWYY treatment group rats significantly increased compared with other groups (normal group: 0.190±0.019, model group: 0.642±0.034,ranitidine group: 0.790±0.037, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: JWYY granules can stimulate angiogenesis and enhance the expression of VEGF mRNA in gastric ulcer rats. This might be the mechanism for JWYY accelerating the ulcer healing, and preventing the recurrence of gastric ulcer.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.2019JJ50411)the Scientific Re-search Fund of Hunan University of Arts and Science(No.20ZD02)The work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21972124,21603041).
文摘Alcohol fuels oxidation plays a significant role in carbon sustainable cycling and high-performance cata-lyst with a strong anti-poisoning effect is desired.Herein,Pt-Ni alloy supported on the N-doped graphene aerogel synthesized by simple freeze-drying and annealing was demonstrated to have such catalytic abil-ity for alcohol fuel oxidation.Pt-Ni alloy particles were found uniformly dispersed over the surface of 3D N-doped graphene aerogel.High anti-poisoning ability for CO-like intermediates oxidation was demon-strated by the CO-stripping experiment.The as-prepared catalyst was found to have outstanding catalytic performance for methanol and ethanol oxidation with high catalytic activity,stability and catalytic ki-netics.Compared to the control samples,the improved catalytic ability could be due to the presence of oxophilic Ni species and the support effect of 3D N-doped graphene aerogel that combined multi-advantages of large surface area,facile mass transfer,and abundant defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91743202,91843301,and 21806020)the National Research Program for key issues in air pollution control(Nos.DQGG0103 and DQGG0102)
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which have high toxicity,bioaccumulation and long-distance transfer capability.Daily variation,sources of PcBs and OcPs in PM2.5 are rarely explored in polluted rural area.Here,the sources and health risks of the PcBs and OcPs were evaluated for 48 PM2.5 samples collected in winter 2017 in Wangdu,a heavy polluted rural area in the North China Plain.The average diurnal and nocturnal concentrations of E18 PCBs and∑15OCPs were 1.74-24.37 and 1.77-100.49,11.67-408.81 and 16.89-865.60 pg/m3,respectively.Hexa-CBs and penta-CBs accounted for higher proportions(29.0% and 33.6%) of clean and polluted samples,respectively.Hexachlorobenzene(HCB) was the dominant contributor to OCPs with an average concentration of 116.17 pg/m3.Hexachlorocyclohexane(EHCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(EDDTs) were the other two main classes in OCPs with the average concentrations of 4.33 and 15.89 pg/m3,respectively.β-HCH and p,p’-DDE were the main degradation products of HCHs and DDTs,respectively.The principal component analysis and characteristic ratio method indicated both waste incineration and industrial activities were the main sources of PCBs,contributing 76.8% and 12.7%,respectively.The loadings of OCPs were attributed to their application characteristics and the characteristic ratio method reflected a current or past use of OCPs.Health risk assessment showed that the respiratory exposure quantity of doxin-like PCBs(DL-PCBs) and the lifetime cancer risk from airborne OCPs exposure was negligible,while the other exposure modes may pose a risk to human bodies.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1505700,2019YFA0210403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52102216)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2022J01625,2022-S-002)the Innovation Training Program for College Students (202310394020,cxxl-2023097,cxxl-2024131,cxxl-2024136)。
文摘Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is gifted with fast Na^(+)conductive NASICON structure.But it still suffers from low electronic conductivity and inadequate energy density.Herein,a high-entropy modification strategy is realized by doping V^(3+)site with Ga^(3+)/Cr^(3+)/Al^(3+)/Fe^(3+)/In^(3+)simultaneously(i.e.Na_(3)V_(2-x)(GaCrAlFeIn)_x(PO_(4))_(3);x=0,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)to stimulate the V^(5+)■V^(2+)reversible multi-electron redox.Such configuration high-entropy can effectively suppress the structural collapse,enhance the redox reversibility in high working voltage(4.0 V),and optimize the electronic induced effect.The in-situ X-ray powder diffraction and in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests efficaciously confirm the robust structu ral recovery and far lower polarization throughout an entire charge-discharge cycle during 1.6-4.3 V,respectively.Moreover,the density functional theory calculations clarify the stronger metallicity of high-entropy electrode than the bare that is derived from the more mobile free electrons surrounding the vicinity of Fermi level.By grace of high-entropy design and multi-electron transfer reactions,the optimal Na_(3)V_(1.7)(GaCrAlFeIn)_(0.06)(PO_(4))_(3)can exhibit perfect cycling/rate performances(90.97%@5000 cycles@30 C;112 mA h g^(-1)@10 C and 109 mA h g^(-1)@30 C,2.0-4.3 V).Furthermore,it can supply ultra-high185 mA h g^(-1)capacity with fa ntastic energy density(522 W h kg^(-1))in half-cells(1.4-4.3 V),and competitive capacity(121 mA h g^(-1))as well as energy density(402 W h kg^(-1))in full-cells(1.6-4.1 V),demonstrating enormous application potential for sodium-ion batteries.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grand No. 51422507)
文摘Cavitation erosion （CE） is the predominant cause for the failure of overflow components in fluid machinery. Advanced coatings have provided an effective solution to cavitation erosion due to the rapid development of surface engineering techniques. However, the influence of coating structures on CE resistance has not been sys- tematically studied. To better understand their relationship, micro-nano and conventional WC-10Co4Cr cermet coat- ings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel spray- ing（HVOF）, and their microstructures are analyzed by OM, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, characterizations of mechan- ical and electrochemical properties of the coatings are carried out, as well as the coatings＇ resistance to CE in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution, and the cavitation mechanisms are explored. Results show that micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses dense microstructure, excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties, with very low porosity of 0.26 4-0.07% and extraordinary fracture toughness of 5.58 4-0.51 MPa.m1/2. Moreover, the CE resistance of micro-nano coating is enhanced above 50% than conventional coating at the steady CE period in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution. The superior CE resistance of micro- nano WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro-nano structure and properties, which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of CE crack. Thus,a new method is proposed to enhance the CE resistance of WC-10Co4Cr coating by manipulating the microstructure.
基金funded by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB05010200)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41025012,41121063)the Bureau of Science,Technology and Information of Guangzhou (No.201300000130)
文摘In fall–winter, 2007–2013, visibility and light scattering coefficients（b sp） were measured along with PM_（2.5）mass concentrations and chemical compositions at a background site in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region. The daily average visibility increased significantly（p 〈 0.01） at a rate of 1.1 km/year, yet its median stabilized at ~13 km. No haze days occurred when the 24-hr mean PM_（2.5）mass concentration was below 75 μg/m^3. By multiple linear regression on the chemical budget of particle scattering coefficient（b sp）, we obtained site-specific mass scattering efficiency（MSE） values of 6.5 ± 0.2, 2.6 ± 0.3, 2.4 ± 0.7 and 7.3 ± 1.2 m2/g,respectively, for organic matter（OM）, ammonium sulfate（AS）, ammonium nitrate（AN） and sea salt（SS）. The reconstructed light extinction coefficient（b ext） based on the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments（IMPROVE） algorithm with our site-specific MSE revealed that OM, AS, AN, SS and light-absorbing carbon（LAC） on average contributed 45.9% ± 1.6%,25.6% ± 1.2%, 12.0% ± 0.7%, 11.2% ± 0.9% and 5.4% ± 0.3% to light extinction, respectively.Averaged b ext displayed a significant reduction rate of 14.1/Mm·year（p 〈 0.05）; this rate would be 82% higher if it were not counteracted by increasing relative humidity（RH） and hygroscopic growth factor（f（RH）） at rates of 2.5% and 0.16/year-1（p 〈 0.01）, respectively, during the fall–winter, 2007–2013. This growth of RH and f（RH） partly offsets the positive effects of lowered AS in improving visibility, and aggravated the negative effects of increasing AN to impair visibility.
文摘AIM: To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9 +/- 2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS: Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION: The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.
