Indole-derived radical cations, open-shell reactive species, display distinctive dual reactivity due to the carbon-centered radical and more electrophilic carbocation, which frequently appear in a variety of single el...Indole-derived radical cations, open-shell reactive species, display distinctive dual reactivity due to the carbon-centered radical and more electrophilic carbocation, which frequently appear in a variety of single electron oxidation reactions for synthesizing structurally diverse functionalized indoles and indolines. Electrocatalysis is considered as a synthetically attractive and environmentally friendly alternative for driving the single electron oxidation of indoles. Remarkable achievements in electrocatalytic indolederived radical cation-mediated indole functionalization have been realized so far. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses in the applications of electrocatalytic indole radical cations,including C(sp~2)–H functionalization, dearomative 2,3-difunctionalization, and ring-opening reaction, emphasizing the vital single electron oxidation steps of indoles, the substrates scope and limitations, and the reaction mechanisms.展开更多
High catalytic efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for the industrial adoption of catalytic transformations.However,reactions achieving turnover numbers(TONs)exceeding 10,000 remain rare in photocatalytic areas,w...High catalytic efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for the industrial adoption of catalytic transformations.However,reactions achieving turnover numbers(TONs)exceeding 10,000 remain rare in photocatalytic areas,which is primarily attributed to insufficient photostability and light-absorption capacity of photocatalysts.Metalloporphyrins,featured by extendedπ-conjugation systems,exhibit distinct advantages including high molar extinction coefficients,long-lived triplet excited states,and exceptional photostability,alongside distinctive Soret and Q absorption bands.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22261019)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.20224BAB213004)+1 种基金the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(Nos.GJJ211134 and GJJ211137)the PhD start-up fund of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University (No.2021BSQD32) for financial support。
文摘Indole-derived radical cations, open-shell reactive species, display distinctive dual reactivity due to the carbon-centered radical and more electrophilic carbocation, which frequently appear in a variety of single electron oxidation reactions for synthesizing structurally diverse functionalized indoles and indolines. Electrocatalysis is considered as a synthetically attractive and environmentally friendly alternative for driving the single electron oxidation of indoles. Remarkable achievements in electrocatalytic indolederived radical cation-mediated indole functionalization have been realized so far. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses in the applications of electrocatalytic indole radical cations,including C(sp~2)–H functionalization, dearomative 2,3-difunctionalization, and ring-opening reaction, emphasizing the vital single electron oxidation steps of indoles, the substrates scope and limitations, and the reaction mechanisms.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22261019,22001101,22401116)the Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20224BAB213007,20224BAB203014,20212BAB203009,20212BAB213027,and 20212BAB213014)support from Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of OrganicF unctional Molecules(No.2024SSY05141).
文摘High catalytic efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for the industrial adoption of catalytic transformations.However,reactions achieving turnover numbers(TONs)exceeding 10,000 remain rare in photocatalytic areas,which is primarily attributed to insufficient photostability and light-absorption capacity of photocatalysts.Metalloporphyrins,featured by extendedπ-conjugation systems,exhibit distinct advantages including high molar extinction coefficients,long-lived triplet excited states,and exceptional photostability,alongside distinctive Soret and Q absorption bands.
