Salvia miltiorrhiza is well known for its clinical practice in treating heart and cardiovascular diseases.Its roots,used for traditional Chinese medicine materials,are usually brick-red due to accumulation of red pigm...Salvia miltiorrhiza is well known for its clinical practice in treating heart and cardiovascular diseases.Its roots,used for traditional Chinese medicine materials,are usually brick-red due to accumulation of red pigments,such as tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I.Here we report a S.miltiorrhiza line(shh)with orange roots.Compared with the red roots of normal S.miltiorrhiza plants,the contents of tanshinones with a single bond at C-15,16 were increased,whereas those with a double bond at C-15,16 were significantly decreased in shh.We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of shh.Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between two S.miltiorrhiza lines with red roots was closer than the relationship with shh.It indicates that shh could not be the mutant of an extant S.miltiorrhiza line with red roots.Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that a 1.0 kb DNA fragment was deleted in shh Sm2OGD3m.Complementation assay showed that overexpression of intact Sm2OGD3 in shh hairy roots recovered furan D-ring tanshinone accumulation.Consistently,in vitro protein assay showed that Sm2OGD3 catalyzed the conversion of cyptotanshinone,15,16-dihydrotanshinone I and 1,2,15,16-tetrahydrotanshinone I into tanshinone IIA,tanshinone I and 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I,respectively.Thus,Sm2OGD3 functions as tanshinone 15,16-dehydrogenase and is a key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis.The results provide novel insights into the metabolic network of medicinally important tanshinone compounds.展开更多
MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs,some of which can trigger phased secondary small interfering RNA(phasiRNA)production from target genes.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs),...MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs,some of which can trigger phased secondary small interfering RNA(phasiRNA)production from target genes.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs),mainly localized in chloroplasts and/or mitochondria,play critical roles in plant development and stress responses.We report here the identification of 63 mTERFs and a 22 nt novel miRNA(smi-miRmTERF),which directly cleave SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 transcripts to trigger phasiRNA biogenesis.The generated phasiRNAs could further trigger phasiRNA biogenesis from SmmTERF26 and regulated a subset of lineage-specific SmmTERFs.MIRmTERF widely existed in Nepetoideae plants and SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 proteins were localized in chloroplasts,mitochondria,and the cytoplasm.Smi-miRmTERF overexpression(MIRMTERF#OE)resulted in a dwarfing phenotype with severe defects in chloroplast and mitochondrial morphogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis showed up-regulation of defenserelated and down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes in MIRMTERF#OE plants.Under norflurazon and lincomycin treatments,MIRMTERF#OE plants displayed a gun phenotype,indicating the role of smi-miRmTERF in retrograde signaling.Furthermore,MIRMTERF#OE plants showed increased contents of phenolic acids,monoterpenoids,and sesquiterpenoids and reduced susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria Pst DC3000.The results suggest that smimiRmTERF is a significant regulator of chloroplast and mitochondrial development,retrograde signaling,secondary metabolism,and immunity in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
基金financial support from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773836).
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza is well known for its clinical practice in treating heart and cardiovascular diseases.Its roots,used for traditional Chinese medicine materials,are usually brick-red due to accumulation of red pigments,such as tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I.Here we report a S.miltiorrhiza line(shh)with orange roots.Compared with the red roots of normal S.miltiorrhiza plants,the contents of tanshinones with a single bond at C-15,16 were increased,whereas those with a double bond at C-15,16 were significantly decreased in shh.We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of shh.Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between two S.miltiorrhiza lines with red roots was closer than the relationship with shh.It indicates that shh could not be the mutant of an extant S.miltiorrhiza line with red roots.Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that a 1.0 kb DNA fragment was deleted in shh Sm2OGD3m.Complementation assay showed that overexpression of intact Sm2OGD3 in shh hairy roots recovered furan D-ring tanshinone accumulation.Consistently,in vitro protein assay showed that Sm2OGD3 catalyzed the conversion of cyptotanshinone,15,16-dihydrotanshinone I and 1,2,15,16-tetrahydrotanshinone I into tanshinone IIA,tanshinone I and 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I,respectively.Thus,Sm2OGD3 functions as tanshinone 15,16-dehydrogenase and is a key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis.The results provide novel insights into the metabolic network of medicinally important tanshinone compounds.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022-I2M-2–001).
文摘MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs,some of which can trigger phased secondary small interfering RNA(phasiRNA)production from target genes.Mitochondrial transcription termination factors(mTERFs),mainly localized in chloroplasts and/or mitochondria,play critical roles in plant development and stress responses.We report here the identification of 63 mTERFs and a 22 nt novel miRNA(smi-miRmTERF),which directly cleave SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 transcripts to trigger phasiRNA biogenesis.The generated phasiRNAs could further trigger phasiRNA biogenesis from SmmTERF26 and regulated a subset of lineage-specific SmmTERFs.MIRmTERF widely existed in Nepetoideae plants and SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 proteins were localized in chloroplasts,mitochondria,and the cytoplasm.Smi-miRmTERF overexpression(MIRMTERF#OE)resulted in a dwarfing phenotype with severe defects in chloroplast and mitochondrial morphogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis showed up-regulation of defenserelated and down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes in MIRMTERF#OE plants.Under norflurazon and lincomycin treatments,MIRMTERF#OE plants displayed a gun phenotype,indicating the role of smi-miRmTERF in retrograde signaling.Furthermore,MIRMTERF#OE plants showed increased contents of phenolic acids,monoterpenoids,and sesquiterpenoids and reduced susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria Pst DC3000.The results suggest that smimiRmTERF is a significant regulator of chloroplast and mitochondrial development,retrograde signaling,secondary metabolism,and immunity in S.miltiorrhiza.
