The uniform cauliflower-like ZnO films were deposited on the conducting substrate by a chemical bath deposition in urea/water solution. The film structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermo...The uniform cauliflower-like ZnO films were deposited on the conducting substrate by a chemical bath deposition in urea/water solution. The film structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermo- gravimetric differential thermal analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of ZnO nanoparticles and the petal thickness were 25 nm and 8 μm, respectively. Dye- sensitized solar cells based on the cauliflower-like ZnO film electrode showed the short-circuit current density of 6.08 mA/cm2, the open-circuit photovoltage of 0.66 V, the fill factor of 0.55 and the overall conversion efficiency of 2.18%. The equivalent circuit of cells based on the ZnO film electrodes was measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the analysis of equivalent circuit provided the relationship between the cell performance and the interracial resistance, such as the shunt resistance and the series resistance.展开更多
Tomato is an important economic crop all over the world.Volatile flavors in tomato fruit are key factors influencing consumer liking and commercial quality.However,the regulatory mechanism controlling the volatile fla...Tomato is an important economic crop all over the world.Volatile flavors in tomato fruit are key factors influencing consumer liking and commercial quality.However,the regulatory mechanism controlling the volatile flavors of tomatoes is still not clear.Here,we integrated the metabolome and transcriptome of the volatile flavors in tomato fruit to explore the regulatory mechanism of volatile flavor formation,using wild and cultivated tomatoes with significant differences in flavors.A total of 35 volatile flavor compounds were identified,based on the solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The content of the volatiles,affecting fruit flavor,significantly increased in the transition from breaker to red ripe fruit stage.Moreover,the total content of the volatiles in wild tomatoes was much higher than that in the cultivated tomatoes.The content variations of all volatile flavors were clustered into 10 groups by hierarchical cluster and Pearson coefficient correlation(PCC)analysis.The fruit transcriptome was also patterned into 10 groups,with significant variations both from the mature green to breaker fruit stage and from the breaker to red ripe fruit stage.Combining the metabolome and the transcriptome of the same developmental stage of fruits by co-expression analysis,we found that the expression level of 1182 genes was highly correlated with the content of volatile flavor compounds,thereby constructing two regulatory pathways of important volatile flavors.One pathway is tetrahydrothiazolidine N-hydroxylase(SlTNH1)-dependent,which is regulated by two transcription factors(TFs)from the bHLH and AP2/ERF families,controlling the synthesis of 2-isobutylthiazole in amino acid metabolism.The other is lipoxygenase(Sl LOX)-dependent,which is regulated by one TF from the HD-Zip family,controlling the synthesis of hexanal and(Z)-2-heptenal in fatty acid metabolism.Dual-luciferase assay confirmed the binding of b HLH and AP2/ERF to their structural genes.The findings of this study provide new insights into volatile flavor formation in tomato fruit,which can be useful for tomato flavor improvement.展开更多
Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be ...Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be expressed in the tomato ovary wall/pericarp of zero to two days post-anthesis fruits as a KNOX I class member,but its function in fruit development was elusive.Here,we found that mutations of TKN3 by CRISPR/Cas9 caused fruit developmental defects,and fruit weight was dramatically reduced in the tkn3cr mutant.Histological observation of fruit pericarps revealed that mutation of TKN3 repressed cell expansion after fertilization,leading to flattened cells in the mesocarp and thereby thinner pericarps in red fruits.Moreover,tkn3cr mutants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged leaves and floral organs,indicating conserved functions in meristem maintenance and leaf development.Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays further showed that TKN3 could interact with Solyc10g086640(a homolog of Arabidopsis PNY),which has a similar expression pattern as TKN3.Genome-wide identification of genes regulated by TKN3 indicated that the auxin and gibberellin(GA)pathways might mediate the function of TKN3.Our works revealed that TKN3 controls cell expansion in pericarps,and provides new insights into the roles of KNOX proteins in fruit development.展开更多
Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among...Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies.We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union,focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists.List composition,characteristics,and associated management measures were analyzed.Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants(IAPs)were identified.Pistia stratiotes,Pontederia crassipes,Salvinia molesta,Cabomba caroliniana,Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats,being listed by at least 33.3%of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents.Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists.A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified.Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents.The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs.In response to these challenges,a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed,encompassing High-Priority,Watchlist,Potential,and Priority Site categories,which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts.This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.展开更多
基金support of the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,No.2013CB932902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21173042)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (No. BK201123694)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (No.B2012402006)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering (No.JHCG201012)the Foundation of Southeast of University (Nos.3212001102 and 3212002205)
文摘The uniform cauliflower-like ZnO films were deposited on the conducting substrate by a chemical bath deposition in urea/water solution. The film structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermo- gravimetric differential thermal analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of ZnO nanoparticles and the petal thickness were 25 nm and 8 μm, respectively. Dye- sensitized solar cells based on the cauliflower-like ZnO film electrode showed the short-circuit current density of 6.08 mA/cm2, the open-circuit photovoltage of 0.66 V, the fill factor of 0.55 and the overall conversion efficiency of 2.18%. The equivalent circuit of cells based on the ZnO film electrodes was measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the analysis of equivalent circuit provided the relationship between the cell performance and the interracial resistance, such as the shunt resistance and the series resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32120103010,32002050)Beijing Joint Research Program for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding(Grant No.G20220628003-03)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Tomato is an important economic crop all over the world.Volatile flavors in tomato fruit are key factors influencing consumer liking and commercial quality.However,the regulatory mechanism controlling the volatile flavors of tomatoes is still not clear.Here,we integrated the metabolome and transcriptome of the volatile flavors in tomato fruit to explore the regulatory mechanism of volatile flavor formation,using wild and cultivated tomatoes with significant differences in flavors.A total of 35 volatile flavor compounds were identified,based on the solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The content of the volatiles,affecting fruit flavor,significantly increased in the transition from breaker to red ripe fruit stage.Moreover,the total content of the volatiles in wild tomatoes was much higher than that in the cultivated tomatoes.The content variations of all volatile flavors were clustered into 10 groups by hierarchical cluster and Pearson coefficient correlation(PCC)analysis.The fruit transcriptome was also patterned into 10 groups,with significant variations both from the mature green to breaker fruit stage and from the breaker to red ripe fruit stage.Combining the metabolome and the transcriptome of the same developmental stage of fruits by co-expression analysis,we found that the expression level of 1182 genes was highly correlated with the content of volatile flavor compounds,thereby constructing two regulatory pathways of important volatile flavors.One pathway is tetrahydrothiazolidine N-hydroxylase(SlTNH1)-dependent,which is regulated by two transcription factors(TFs)from the bHLH and AP2/ERF families,controlling the synthesis of 2-isobutylthiazole in amino acid metabolism.The other is lipoxygenase(Sl LOX)-dependent,which is regulated by one TF from the HD-Zip family,controlling the synthesis of hexanal and(Z)-2-heptenal in fatty acid metabolism.Dual-luciferase assay confirmed the binding of b HLH and AP2/ERF to their structural genes.The findings of this study provide new insights into volatile flavor formation in tomato fruit,which can be useful for tomato flavor improvement.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1003002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32120103010)the Project of Yuandu Industry Leading talent。
文摘Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be expressed in the tomato ovary wall/pericarp of zero to two days post-anthesis fruits as a KNOX I class member,but its function in fruit development was elusive.Here,we found that mutations of TKN3 by CRISPR/Cas9 caused fruit developmental defects,and fruit weight was dramatically reduced in the tkn3cr mutant.Histological observation of fruit pericarps revealed that mutation of TKN3 repressed cell expansion after fertilization,leading to flattened cells in the mesocarp and thereby thinner pericarps in red fruits.Moreover,tkn3cr mutants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged leaves and floral organs,indicating conserved functions in meristem maintenance and leaf development.Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays further showed that TKN3 could interact with Solyc10g086640(a homolog of Arabidopsis PNY),which has a similar expression pattern as TKN3.Genome-wide identification of genes regulated by TKN3 indicated that the auxin and gibberellin(GA)pathways might mediate the function of TKN3.Our works revealed that TKN3 controls cell expansion in pericarps,and provides new insights into the roles of KNOX proteins in fruit development.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2022SY020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872645).
文摘Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies.We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union,focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists.List composition,characteristics,and associated management measures were analyzed.Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants(IAPs)were identified.Pistia stratiotes,Pontederia crassipes,Salvinia molesta,Cabomba caroliniana,Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats,being listed by at least 33.3%of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents.Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists.A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified.Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents.The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs.In response to these challenges,a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed,encompassing High-Priority,Watchlist,Potential,and Priority Site categories,which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts.This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.
