Since December 2019,COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldw ide.Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks,the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are ...Since December 2019,COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldw ide.Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks,the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described.A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province.A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected.The demographic data,epidemiological history,underlying discascs,clinical mani festations,laboratory and radiological data,treatments,and outcomes were analyzcd.Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19,the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1.The median age was 3 years.COVID-19 cases in children aged<3 years,3-6 years,and≥6-years patients were 10(40%),6(24%),and 9(36%),respectively.The most common symptoms at onset of ilness were fever(13[52%]),and dry cough(11[44%]).Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases(33.3%),unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases(20.8%),and bilateral involvement in 11 cases(45.8%).Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection(n=8),mild pneumonia(n=15),and critical cases(n=2).Two critical cases(8%)were given invasive mechanical ventilation,corticosteroids,and immunoglobulin.The symptoms in 24(96%)of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged.It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults,while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children.However,children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group,which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment.展开更多
Aristolochic acid(AA)is a group of structurally related nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in many plants that are widely used by many cultures as traditional herbal medicines.AA is a causative agent for Chinese...Aristolochic acid(AA)is a group of structurally related nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in many plants that are widely used by many cultures as traditional herbal medicines.AA is a causative agent for Chinese herbs nephropathy,a term replaced later by AA nephropathy.Evidence indicates that AA is nephrotoxic,genotoxic,and carcinogenic in humans;and it also induces tumors in the forestomach,kidney,renal pelvis,urinary bladder,and lung of rats and mice.Therefore,plants containing AA have been classified as carcinogenic to humans(Group 1)bytheInternational AgencyforResearchonCancer.In our laboratories,we have conducted a series of genotoxicity and toxicogenomic studies in the rats exposed to AA of 0.1–10 mg/kg for 12 weeks.Our results demonstrated that AA treatments induced DNA adducts and mutations in the kidney,liver,and spleen of rats,as well as significant alteration of gene expression in both its target and nontarget tissues.AA treatments altered mutagenesis-or carcinogenesis-related microRNA expression in rat kidney and resulted in significant changes in protein expression profiling.We also applied benchmark dose(BMD)modeling to the 3-month AA-induced genotoxicity data.The obtained BMDL10(the lower 95%confidence interval of the BMD10 that is a 10%increase over the background level)for AA-induced mutations in the kidney of rats was about 7μg/kg body weight per day.This review constitutes an overview of our investigations on AA-induced genotoxicity and toxicogenomic changes including gene expression,microRNA expression,and proteomics;and presents updated information focused on AA-induced genotoxicity in rodents.展开更多
文摘Since December 2019,COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldw ide.Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks,the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described.A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province.A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected.The demographic data,epidemiological history,underlying discascs,clinical mani festations,laboratory and radiological data,treatments,and outcomes were analyzcd.Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19,the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1.The median age was 3 years.COVID-19 cases in children aged<3 years,3-6 years,and≥6-years patients were 10(40%),6(24%),and 9(36%),respectively.The most common symptoms at onset of ilness were fever(13[52%]),and dry cough(11[44%]).Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases(33.3%),unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases(20.8%),and bilateral involvement in 11 cases(45.8%).Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection(n=8),mild pneumonia(n=15),and critical cases(n=2).Two critical cases(8%)were given invasive mechanical ventilation,corticosteroids,and immunoglobulin.The symptoms in 24(96%)of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged.It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults,while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children.However,children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group,which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment.
文摘Aristolochic acid(AA)is a group of structurally related nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in many plants that are widely used by many cultures as traditional herbal medicines.AA is a causative agent for Chinese herbs nephropathy,a term replaced later by AA nephropathy.Evidence indicates that AA is nephrotoxic,genotoxic,and carcinogenic in humans;and it also induces tumors in the forestomach,kidney,renal pelvis,urinary bladder,and lung of rats and mice.Therefore,plants containing AA have been classified as carcinogenic to humans(Group 1)bytheInternational AgencyforResearchonCancer.In our laboratories,we have conducted a series of genotoxicity and toxicogenomic studies in the rats exposed to AA of 0.1–10 mg/kg for 12 weeks.Our results demonstrated that AA treatments induced DNA adducts and mutations in the kidney,liver,and spleen of rats,as well as significant alteration of gene expression in both its target and nontarget tissues.AA treatments altered mutagenesis-or carcinogenesis-related microRNA expression in rat kidney and resulted in significant changes in protein expression profiling.We also applied benchmark dose(BMD)modeling to the 3-month AA-induced genotoxicity data.The obtained BMDL10(the lower 95%confidence interval of the BMD10 that is a 10%increase over the background level)for AA-induced mutations in the kidney of rats was about 7μg/kg body weight per day.This review constitutes an overview of our investigations on AA-induced genotoxicity and toxicogenomic changes including gene expression,microRNA expression,and proteomics;and presents updated information focused on AA-induced genotoxicity in rodents.
