Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of ...Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of Polygonum minus extract(PME)in enhancing drought tolerance in plants,a study was set up in a glasshouse environment using 10 different treatment combinations.PME foliar application were designed in CRD and effects were closely observed related to the growth,physiology,and antioxidant system changes in maize(Zea mays L.)under well-watered and drought conditions.The seaweed extract(SWE)was used as a comparison.Plants subjected to drought stress exhibited a significant reduction in fresh weight,dry weight,relative water content(RWC),and soluble sugar,but they stimulated the phenolic,flavonoid,proline,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant enzyme(catalase,CAT;peroxidase,POD;superoxide dismutase,SOD)activities.Foliar application of PME improved fresh and dry weight(FW:33.1%~41.4%;DW:48.0%~43.1%),chlorophyll content(Chl b:87.9%~100.76%),soluble sugar(23.6%~49.3%),and soluble protein(48.6%~56.9%)as well as antioxidant enzyme activities(CAT and POD)compared to CK under drought conditions.while decreasing the level of MDA.Notably,the mitigating effect of PME application with high concentration was more effective than those of SWE.Our study reveals that PME could alleviate drought stress by regulating osmoprotectant content and antioxidant defense system and can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly biostimulants for promoting maize growth under drought stress.展开更多
The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Z...The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Ag,Cd,Ba,and U.Geological and biological samples were first digested by acid dissolution or alkali dissolution.The target element was subsequently purified by the column chromatography method.A Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS was used to measure isotope compositions and the isotope bias caused during measurements was calibrated by standard bracketing and/or the double spike method.The analytical procedure was carefully checked to ensure the high precision and accuracy of the data.Here,we summarized the protocol of these established methods and compiled the standard data measured at our lab as well as those reported in literature.This comprehensive dataset can serve as a reliable benchmark for calibration,method validation,and quality assurance in metal stable isotope analyses.展开更多
Shock waves,characterized by abrupt changes in pressure,temperature,and density,play a significant role in various materials science processes involving fluids.These high-energy phenomena are utilized across multiple ...Shock waves,characterized by abrupt changes in pressure,temperature,and density,play a significant role in various materials science processes involving fluids.These high-energy phenomena are utilized across multiple fields and applications to achieve unique material properties and facilitate advanced manufacturing techniques.Accurate simulations of these phenomena require numerical schemes that can represent shock waves without spurious oscillations and simultaneously capture acoustic waves for a wide range of wavelength scales.This work suggests a high-order discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method with a finite volume(FV)subcell limiting strategies to achieve better subcell resolution and lower numerical diffusion properties.By switching to the FV discretization on an embedded sub-cell grid,the method displays advantages with respect to both DG accuracy and FV shock-capturing ability.The FV scheme utilizes a class of high-fidelity schemes that are built upon the boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction paradigm.The method is therefore able to resolve discontinuities and multi-scale structures on the subcell level,while preserving the favorable properties of the high-order DG scheme.We have tested the present DG method up to the 6th-order accuracy for both smooth and discontinuous noise problems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotr...BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.展开更多
It is imperative to enhance crop yield to meet the demands of a burgeoning global population while simultaneously safeguarding the environment from adverse impacts,which is one of the dominant challenges confronting h...It is imperative to enhance crop yield to meet the demands of a burgeoning global population while simultaneously safeguarding the environment from adverse impacts,which is one of the dominant challenges confronting humanity in this phase of global climate change.To overcome this problem and reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer,scientists now view the implementation of biostimulant strategies as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to achieving sustainable agriculture.Plant extracts are rich in bioactive phytocompounds,which can enhance plant resistance to disease,pest,and abiotic stresses(e.g.,drought,salinity,and extreme temperature),and promote plant growth and productivity.Furthermore,the application of plant extracts through soil drenching can also significantly change the rhizosphere soil microbiome,and indirectly interact with plants,eventually stabilizing plant growth.Currently,the application of plant extracts as a whole is effective,which emphasizes the contribution of complex interactions between multiple compounds,with seaweed extracts being the most widely studied and utilized.Interestingly,plant extracts are compatible with fertilizer and can be applied in conjunction with nutrient inputs to further enhance their effectiveness.Given all this knowledge,exploring the growth and functional effects induced by plant extracts,as well as understanding their interactions and mechanisms in plants,is crucial for developing advantageous approaches with potential value in integrated crop management systems,ultimately contributing to sustainable production.展开更多
The correlation between B(E2)structure and triaxial deformation has been investigated within the framework of the proton-neutron boson model.The analysis reveals that the distinctive feature,characterized by B(E2;4_(1...The correlation between B(E2)structure and triaxial deformation has been investigated within the framework of the proton-neutron boson model.The analysis reveals that the distinctive feature,characterized by B(E2;4_(1)^(+)→2_(1)^(+))/B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))<1.0 along with E(4_(1)^(+))/E(2_(1)^(+))>2.0,can emerge from the triaxial SU(3)symmetry inherent in two-fluid boson systems,attributed to band-mixing effects.This suggests a symmetry-based understanding of the anomalous E2 transitions observed in experiments.展开更多
“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is...“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society;solutions are urgently required from both energy&industrial sectors and global ecosystems.While the former is often held accountable and emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability,the latter(recently termed natural climate solutions)should also be assessed for potential and limitations by the scientific community,the public,and policy makers.展开更多
The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still challenging.In this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designe...The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still challenging.In this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by acidification.The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid strength.The thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the molecules.Moreover,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid catalysts.The equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction mixtures.Depending on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl acetate.The excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.展开更多
Use of cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)to optimize management of resistant microorganisms has received increasing attention due to non-specific activity of inorganic antibacterial agents.Understanding the mecha...Use of cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)to optimize management of resistant microorganisms has received increasing attention due to non-specific activity of inorganic antibacterial agents.Understanding the mechanism of action is essential to elucidating the antibacterial activity of CeO_(2) NPs against bacteria.Therefore,this review aims to summarize the antibacterial mechanisms of CeO_(2) NPs and correlate the structural and physicochemical properties of CeO_(2) NPs to their antibacterial activity.We further summarize the strategies for the improvement of the antibacterial performance of CeO_(2) NPs and provide our opinions for future challenges as a conclusion.展开更多
Limited by low tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has been poorly responsive to immunotherapy so far.Herein,a Ca&Mn dual-ion hybrid nanost...Limited by low tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has been poorly responsive to immunotherapy so far.Herein,a Ca&Mn dual-ion hybrid nanostimulator(CMS)is constructed to enhance anti-tumor immunity through ferroptosis inducing and innate immunity awakening,which can serve as a ferroptosis inducer and immunoadjuvant for TNBC concurrently.On one hand,glutathione(GSH)depletion and reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation can be achieved due to the mixed valence state of Mn in CMS.On the other hand,as an exotic Ca2+supplier,CMS causes mitochondrial Ca2+overload,which further amplifies the oxidative stress.Significantly,tumor cells undergo ferroptosis because of the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and accumulation of lipid peroxidation(LPO).More impressively,CMS can act as an immunoadjuvant to awaken innate immunity by alleviating intra-tumor hypoxia and Mn2+-induced activation of the STING signaling pathway,which promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and activation of dendritic cells(DCs)for antigen presentation and subsequent infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)into tumor tissues.Taken together,this work demonstrates a novel strategy of simultaneously inducing ferroptosis and awakening innate immunity,offering a new perspective for effective tumor immunotherapy of TNBC.展开更多
China is likely to lead global offshore wind power development,in the hope of transforming the coal-based electricity system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.However,the potential of power generation and emission...China is likely to lead global offshore wind power development,in the hope of transforming the coal-based electricity system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.However,the potential of power generation and emissions mitigation is largely unknown,and the contribution of offshore wind utilization to regional carbon neutrality needs to be further clarified.Here,we reveal that offshore wind energy resources are abundant in China,with an estimated power generation potential of about 17.5 PWh,more than doubling the current power consumption nationwide.Although current utilization of offshore wind energy in China accounts for 21%of global overall capacity,the total share is still limited,supplying just 0.4%of national electricity needs(2019).With the increasing use of offshore wind,by 2050,the planned installation along China coast would be nearly five times as much as current(2019)global capacity,or 25 times of current national offshore wind power generation.The total CO_(2)emissions reduction in 2050 due to the decrease in coal use is projected to be 294.3 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),equivalent to 20%of current emissions from coal-fired power in the coastal region.The size of reduced emissions is higher than current CO_(2)emissions in about 90%of countries.Our results highlight the important role of offshore wind power in upgrading the energy system and achieving carbon neutrality.Future studies are encouraged to further explore technological,economic and institutional challenges facing offshore wind energy deployment and low-carbon energy system development.展开更多
Android applications(APPS)are in widespread use and have enriched our life.To ensure the quality and security of the apps,many approaches have been proposed in recent years for detecting bugs and defects in the apps,o...Android applications(APPS)are in widespread use and have enriched our life.To ensure the quality and security of the apps,many approaches have been proposed in recent years for detecting bugs and defects in the apps,of which program analysis is a major one.This paper mainly makes an investigation of existing works on the analysis of Android apps.We summarize the purposes and proposed techniques of existing approaches,and make a taxonomy of these works,based on which we point out the trends and challenges of research in this field.From our survey,we sum up four main findings:(1)program analysis in Android security field has gained particular attention in the past years,the fields of functionality and performance should also gain proper attention;the infrastructure that supports detection of various defects should be enriched to meet the industry’s need;(2)many kinds of defects result from developers’misunderstanding or misuse of the characteristics and mechanisms in Android system,thus the works that can systematically collect and formalize Android recommendations are in demand;(3)various program analysis approaches with techniques in other fields are applied in analyzing Android apps;however,they can be improved with more precise techniques to be more applicable;(4)The fragmentation and evolution of Android system blocks the usability of existing tools,which should be taken into consideration when developing new approaches.展开更多
基金This paper was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia,Innohub Grant Scheme(Vote No.9005004)D’Khairan Farm Sdn Bhd(Vote No.6300349).
文摘Drought stress is a major factor affecting plant growth and crop yield production.Plant extracts as natural biostimulants hold great potential to strengthen plants to overcome drought impacts.To explore the effect of Polygonum minus extract(PME)in enhancing drought tolerance in plants,a study was set up in a glasshouse environment using 10 different treatment combinations.PME foliar application were designed in CRD and effects were closely observed related to the growth,physiology,and antioxidant system changes in maize(Zea mays L.)under well-watered and drought conditions.The seaweed extract(SWE)was used as a comparison.Plants subjected to drought stress exhibited a significant reduction in fresh weight,dry weight,relative water content(RWC),and soluble sugar,but they stimulated the phenolic,flavonoid,proline,glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant enzyme(catalase,CAT;peroxidase,POD;superoxide dismutase,SOD)activities.Foliar application of PME improved fresh and dry weight(FW:33.1%~41.4%;DW:48.0%~43.1%),chlorophyll content(Chl b:87.9%~100.76%),soluble sugar(23.6%~49.3%),and soluble protein(48.6%~56.9%)as well as antioxidant enzyme activities(CAT and POD)compared to CK under drought conditions.while decreasing the level of MDA.Notably,the mitigating effect of PME application with high concentration was more effective than those of SWE.Our study reveals that PME could alleviate drought stress by regulating osmoprotectant content and antioxidant defense system and can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly biostimulants for promoting maize growth under drought stress.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.42273007 and 42473008)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui,China(No.2408085J021)。
文摘The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Ag,Cd,Ba,and U.Geological and biological samples were first digested by acid dissolution or alkali dissolution.The target element was subsequently purified by the column chromatography method.A Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS was used to measure isotope compositions and the isotope bias caused during measurements was calibrated by standard bracketing and/or the double spike method.The analytical procedure was carefully checked to ensure the high precision and accuracy of the data.Here,we summarized the protocol of these established methods and compiled the standard data measured at our lab as well as those reported in literature.This comprehensive dataset can serve as a reliable benchmark for calibration,method validation,and quality assurance in metal stable isotope analyses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.92252201 and 11721202support by the Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control under Grant No.2301ANCL20230303 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Shock waves,characterized by abrupt changes in pressure,temperature,and density,play a significant role in various materials science processes involving fluids.These high-energy phenomena are utilized across multiple fields and applications to achieve unique material properties and facilitate advanced manufacturing techniques.Accurate simulations of these phenomena require numerical schemes that can represent shock waves without spurious oscillations and simultaneously capture acoustic waves for a wide range of wavelength scales.This work suggests a high-order discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method with a finite volume(FV)subcell limiting strategies to achieve better subcell resolution and lower numerical diffusion properties.By switching to the FV discretization on an embedded sub-cell grid,the method displays advantages with respect to both DG accuracy and FV shock-capturing ability.The FV scheme utilizes a class of high-fidelity schemes that are built upon the boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction paradigm.The method is therefore able to resolve discontinuities and multi-scale structures on the subcell level,while preserving the favorable properties of the high-order DG scheme.We have tested the present DG method up to the 6th-order accuracy for both smooth and discontinuous noise problems.
文摘BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.
基金supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia,Innohub Grant Scheme(Vote No.9005004)D’Khairan Farm Sdn Bhd(Vote No.6300349).
文摘It is imperative to enhance crop yield to meet the demands of a burgeoning global population while simultaneously safeguarding the environment from adverse impacts,which is one of the dominant challenges confronting humanity in this phase of global climate change.To overcome this problem and reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer,scientists now view the implementation of biostimulant strategies as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to achieving sustainable agriculture.Plant extracts are rich in bioactive phytocompounds,which can enhance plant resistance to disease,pest,and abiotic stresses(e.g.,drought,salinity,and extreme temperature),and promote plant growth and productivity.Furthermore,the application of plant extracts through soil drenching can also significantly change the rhizosphere soil microbiome,and indirectly interact with plants,eventually stabilizing plant growth.Currently,the application of plant extracts as a whole is effective,which emphasizes the contribution of complex interactions between multiple compounds,with seaweed extracts being the most widely studied and utilized.Interestingly,plant extracts are compatible with fertilizer and can be applied in conjunction with nutrient inputs to further enhance their effectiveness.Given all this knowledge,exploring the growth and functional effects induced by plant extracts,as well as understanding their interactions and mechanisms in plants,is crucial for developing advantageous approaches with potential value in integrated crop management systems,ultimately contributing to sustainable production.
基金Supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12375113)。
文摘The correlation between B(E2)structure and triaxial deformation has been investigated within the framework of the proton-neutron boson model.The analysis reveals that the distinctive feature,characterized by B(E2;4_(1)^(+)→2_(1)^(+))/B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))<1.0 along with E(4_(1)^(+))/E(2_(1)^(+))>2.0,can emerge from the triaxial SU(3)symmetry inherent in two-fluid boson systems,attributed to band-mixing effects.This suggests a symmetry-based understanding of the anomalous E2 transitions observed in experiments.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0602701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41975113)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies(2020B1212060025)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2019ZT08G090)。
文摘“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society;solutions are urgently required from both energy&industrial sectors and global ecosystems.While the former is often held accountable and emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability,the latter(recently termed natural climate solutions)should also be assessed for potential and limitations by the scientific community,the public,and policy makers.
文摘The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still challenging.In this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by acidification.The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid strength.The thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the molecules.Moreover,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid catalysts.The equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction mixtures.Depending on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl acetate.The excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.
文摘Use of cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)to optimize management of resistant microorganisms has received increasing attention due to non-specific activity of inorganic antibacterial agents.Understanding the mechanism of action is essential to elucidating the antibacterial activity of CeO_(2) NPs against bacteria.Therefore,this review aims to summarize the antibacterial mechanisms of CeO_(2) NPs and correlate the structural and physicochemical properties of CeO_(2) NPs to their antibacterial activity.We further summarize the strategies for the improvement of the antibacterial performance of CeO_(2) NPs and provide our opinions for future challenges as a conclusion.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3801000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32030061)+3 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Government(Grant No.21JC1406000)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.21YF1454200)Shanghai International Cooperation Project(Grant No.23490712900)All the animal experiments were performed with the approval of the Tongji University Experimental Animal Center,and the animal biomedical research authorization number is TJLAC-020-228.
文摘Limited by low tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has been poorly responsive to immunotherapy so far.Herein,a Ca&Mn dual-ion hybrid nanostimulator(CMS)is constructed to enhance anti-tumor immunity through ferroptosis inducing and innate immunity awakening,which can serve as a ferroptosis inducer and immunoadjuvant for TNBC concurrently.On one hand,glutathione(GSH)depletion and reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation can be achieved due to the mixed valence state of Mn in CMS.On the other hand,as an exotic Ca2+supplier,CMS causes mitochondrial Ca2+overload,which further amplifies the oxidative stress.Significantly,tumor cells undergo ferroptosis because of the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and accumulation of lipid peroxidation(LPO).More impressively,CMS can act as an immunoadjuvant to awaken innate immunity by alleviating intra-tumor hypoxia and Mn2+-induced activation of the STING signaling pathway,which promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and activation of dendritic cells(DCs)for antigen presentation and subsequent infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)into tumor tissues.Taken together,this work demonstrates a novel strategy of simultaneously inducing ferroptosis and awakening innate immunity,offering a new perspective for effective tumor immunotherapy of TNBC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A6001,41975053)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693583)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2019ZT08G090,2019QN01G107)。
文摘China is likely to lead global offshore wind power development,in the hope of transforming the coal-based electricity system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.However,the potential of power generation and emissions mitigation is largely unknown,and the contribution of offshore wind utilization to regional carbon neutrality needs to be further clarified.Here,we reveal that offshore wind energy resources are abundant in China,with an estimated power generation potential of about 17.5 PWh,more than doubling the current power consumption nationwide.Although current utilization of offshore wind energy in China accounts for 21%of global overall capacity,the total share is still limited,supplying just 0.4%of national electricity needs(2019).With the increasing use of offshore wind,by 2050,the planned installation along China coast would be nearly five times as much as current(2019)global capacity,or 25 times of current national offshore wind power generation.The total CO_(2)emissions reduction in 2050 due to the decrease in coal use is projected to be 294.3 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),equivalent to 20%of current emissions from coal-fired power in the coastal region.The size of reduced emissions is higher than current CO_(2)emissions in about 90%of countries.Our results highlight the important role of offshore wind power in upgrading the energy system and achieving carbon neutrality.Future studies are encouraged to further explore technological,economic and institutional challenges facing offshore wind energy deployment and low-carbon energy system development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61672505)the National Key Basic Research(973)Program of China(2014CB340701)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese of Academy Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC036).
文摘Android applications(APPS)are in widespread use and have enriched our life.To ensure the quality and security of the apps,many approaches have been proposed in recent years for detecting bugs and defects in the apps,of which program analysis is a major one.This paper mainly makes an investigation of existing works on the analysis of Android apps.We summarize the purposes and proposed techniques of existing approaches,and make a taxonomy of these works,based on which we point out the trends and challenges of research in this field.From our survey,we sum up four main findings:(1)program analysis in Android security field has gained particular attention in the past years,the fields of functionality and performance should also gain proper attention;the infrastructure that supports detection of various defects should be enriched to meet the industry’s need;(2)many kinds of defects result from developers’misunderstanding or misuse of the characteristics and mechanisms in Android system,thus the works that can systematically collect and formalize Android recommendations are in demand;(3)various program analysis approaches with techniques in other fields are applied in analyzing Android apps;however,they can be improved with more precise techniques to be more applicable;(4)The fragmentation and evolution of Android system blocks the usability of existing tools,which should be taken into consideration when developing new approaches.
