BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief r...BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.展开更多
Objective:The key molecular events signifying the Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis process are largely unknown.Methods:Bulk tissue-proteomics profiling were leveraged across multi-stage gastric lesio...Objective:The key molecular events signifying the Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis process are largely unknown.Methods:Bulk tissue-proteomics profiling were leveraged across multi-stage gastric lesions from Linqu(n=166)and Beijing sets(n=99)and single-cell transcriptomic profiling(n=18)to decipher key molecular signatures of H.pylori-related gastric lesion progression and gastric cancer(GC)development.The association of key proteins association with gastric lesion progression and GC development were prospectively studied building on follow-up of the Linqu set and UK Biobank(n=48,529).Results:Concordant proteomics signatures associated with H.pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis(ρ=0.784,correlation P=1.80×10^(−36))were identified.RNA expression of genes encoding 13 up-and 15 down-regulated key proteins displayed trending alterations in the transition from normal gastric epithelium to intestinal metaplasia,then to malignant cells.A 15-tissue protein panel integrating these signatures demonstrated potential for targeting individuals at high risk for progressing to gastric neoplasia(OR=7.22,95%CI:1.31-39.72 for the high-score group).A 4-circulating protein panel may be used as non-invasive markers predicting the risk of GC development(hazard ratio=3.73,95%confidence interval:1.63-8.54,high-risk vs.low-risk populations,area under the curve=0.75).Conclusions:Concordant proteomics signatures associated with H.pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis were unveiled with potential as biomarkers for targeted prevention strategies.展开更多
Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antit...Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antitumor,hepatoprotective,and anti-aging effects.Among these,P.notoginseng polysaccharides(PNPs)have been exploited because of their extensive pharmacological effects,being ranked as one of the current research hotspots,especially for the functional foods and medical practice.In this review,the literature related to PNPs in the past 20 years was surveyed and analyzed using both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.The visualization diagram shows that current studies on PNPs mainly focus on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and structural characterization.In addition,the extraction,separation,purification,chemical analysis,structural characteristics,bioactivities,and applications of PNPs are outlined,in detail,aimed to provide valuable information for the further study,development,and utilization regarding PNPs.展开更多
Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,saf...Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the application effect of the SECI theoretical model-based training program in enhancing clinical nursing teachers‘information-based teaching capabilities.Methods:A self-control study design ...Objective:To investigate the application effect of the SECI theoretical model-based training program in enhancing clinical nursing teachers‘information-based teaching capabilities.Methods:A self-control study design was adopted,with 124 clinical nursing teachers from a tertiary hospital participating in the SECI training program from January 2024 to June 2025.The program was implemented through four stages:“Establishing Teacher Community(Socialization)”,“Case Teaching(Extravagant)”,“Integration of Discipline and Research(Fusion)”,and“Routine Application of Teaching(Implicit)”.Self-designed questionnaires were used to assess teachers’information-based teaching capabilities before and after training,covering four dimensions:awareness and attitude towards information-based teaching,foundational skills,teaching practice,and professional practice.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Results:Post-training,the total score of clinical nursing teachers’information-based teaching capabilities increased from(53.47±15.56)to(78.92±12.34),showing statistically significant differences(t=15.732,P<0.001).Scores in all dimensions also showed significant improvements(P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that educational background(β=0.198,P=0.026)and professional title(β=0.184,P=0.040)were primary influencing factors for pre-training information-based teaching capabilities,while their impact weakened post-training.Conclusion:The training program based on SECI theory effectively enhances clinical nursing educators’digital teaching capabilities.Its structured,spiral-up knowledge transformation process helps bridge competency gaps among teachers from diverse backgrounds,facilitates the mutual conversion and deep integration of tacit and explicit knowledge,and provides a practical new model for developing digital teaching competencies in clinical nursing education.展开更多
BACKGROUND The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy(DN)remain incompletely elucidated,prompting researchers to explore new perspectives and identify novel intervention targets in this field.AIM To explore ...BACKGROUND The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy(DN)remain incompletely elucidated,prompting researchers to explore new perspectives and identify novel intervention targets in this field.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the development of DN by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)molecular chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)expression.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses identified potential FXR-binding elements in the BiP promoter.Dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays confirmed FXR-BiP binding sites.In vitro studies used SV40 MES 13 cells under varying glucose conditions and treatments with FXR modulators[obeticholic acid(INT-747)and guggulsterones]or BiP small interfering RNA.The expression of BiP and ERS-related proteins[protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)]was assessed alongside cell proliferation and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis.In vivo studies in DN mice(db/db)examined the effects of FXR activation on renal function and morphology.RESULTS FXR bound to the target sequence in the BiP promoter region,enhancing transcriptional activity,as confirmed by ChIP experiments.FXR expression decreased in SV40 MES 13 cells stimulated with high glucose and in renal tissues of DN mice compared with control.Treatment of SV40 MES 13 cells with the FXR agonist INT-747 significantly increased intracellular BiP expression,whereas silencing the FXR gene led to the downregulation of BiP levels.In vivo administration of INT-747 significantly elevated BiP levels in renal tissues,improved renal function and fibrosis in DN mice,while inhibiting the expression of ERS-related signaling proteins PERK,IRE1,and ATF6.CONCLUSION FXR promotes BiP expression by binding to its promoter,suppressing ERS pathways,and reducing mesangial cell proliferation and ECM synthesis.These findings highlight FXR as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic glomerulosclerosis.展开更多
The era of big data brings new challenges for information network systems(INS),simultaneously offering unprecedented opportunities for advancing intelligent intrusion detection systems.In this work,we propose a data-d...The era of big data brings new challenges for information network systems(INS),simultaneously offering unprecedented opportunities for advancing intelligent intrusion detection systems.In this work,we propose a data-driven intrusion detection system for Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack detection.The system focuses on intrusion detection from a big data perceptive.As intelligent information processing methods,big data and artificial intelligence have been widely used in information systems.The INS system is an important information system in cyberspace.In advanced INS systems,the network architectures have become more complex.And the smart devices in INS systems collect a large scale of network data.How to improve the performance of a complex intrusion detection system with big data and artificial intelligence is a big challenge.To address the problem,we design a novel intrusion detection system(IDS)from a big data perspective.The IDS system uses tensors to represent large-scale and complex multi-source network data in a unified tensor.Then,a novel tensor decomposition(TD)method is developed to complete big data mining.The TD method seamlessly collaborates with the XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)method to complete the intrusion detection.To verify the proposed IDS system,a series of experiments is conducted on two real network datasets.The results revealed that the proposed IDS system attained an impressive accuracy rate over 98%.Additionally,by altering the scale of the datasets,the proposed IDS system still maintains excellent detection performance,which demonstrates the proposed IDS system’s robustness.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the implementation effects of the workshop teaching model based on the DEU(Dedicated Education Unit)philosophy in clinical nursing education for intern nurses,and analyze its impacts on stude...Objective:To investigate the implementation effects of the workshop teaching model based on the DEU(Dedicated Education Unit)philosophy in clinical nursing education for intern nurses,and analyze its impacts on students’critical thinking abilities,operational skill levels,and satisfaction.Methods:A total of 80 undergraduate nursing students interning at a tertiary hospital in Deyang City from January to June 2025 were randomly divided into an experimental group(40 students)and a control group(40 students).The control group received conventional lecture-based instruction,while the experimental group adopted the DEU-based workshop teaching model.Comparative analyses were conducted on theoretical scores,operational assessment results,Critical Thinking Inventory(CTDI-CV)scores,and satisfaction surveys between the two groups.Results:The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher theoretical scores,operational skill assessments,and critical thinking dimension scores compared to the control group(P<0.05),with notable improvements in teaching satisfaction.Conclusion:Integrating the DEU philosophy with workshop teaching models can effectively enhance clinical teaching quality,strengthen nursing students’comprehensive competencies,and boost learning motivation.This approach is recommended for widespread adoption in clinical nursing education.展开更多
Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency....Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency.We aimed to evaluate the ability of five common stomach-specific serum biomarkers to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC in the questionnaire-identified high-risk population.Methods:This study was conducted based on a risk-based screening program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.We first performed questionnaire assessment involving 23,381 individuals(7,042 outpatients and 16,339 individuals from the community),and those assessed as“high-risk”were then invited to participate in serological assays and endoscopic examinations.The serological biomarker model was derived based on logistic regression,with predictors selected via the Akaike information criterion.Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2,011 participants were ultimately included for analysis.The final serological biomarker model had three predictors,comprising pepsinogenⅠ(PGI),pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱratio(PGR),and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(anti-H.pylori IgG)antibodies.This model generated an AUC of 0.733(95%confidence interval:0.655-0.812)and demonstrated the best discriminative ability compared with previously developed serological biomarker models.As the risk cut-off value of our model rose,the detection rate increased and the number of endoscopies needed to detect one case decreased.Conclusions:PGI,PGR,and anti-H.pylori Ig G could be jointly used to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC among those selected by questionnaire assessment,providing insight for the development of a multi-stage riskbased sequential strategy for GC screening.展开更多
Enhancing low-light images with color distortion and uneven multi-light source distribution presents challenges. Most advanced methods for low-light image enhancement are based on the Retinex model using deep learning...Enhancing low-light images with color distortion and uneven multi-light source distribution presents challenges. Most advanced methods for low-light image enhancement are based on the Retinex model using deep learning. Retinexformer introduces channel self-attention mechanisms in the IG-MSA. However, it fails to effectively capture long-range spatial dependencies, leaving room for improvement. Based on the Retinexformer deep learning framework, we designed the Retinexformer+ network. The “+” signifies our advancements in extracting long-range spatial dependencies. We introduced multi-scale dilated convolutions in illumination estimation to expand the receptive field. These convolutions effectively capture the weakening semantic dependency between pixels as distance increases. In illumination restoration, we used Unet++ with multi-level skip connections to better integrate semantic information at different scales. The designed Illumination Fusion Dual Self-Attention (IF-DSA) module embeds multi-scale dilated convolutions to achieve spatial self-attention. This module captures long-range spatial semantic relationships within acceptable computational complexity. Experimental results on the Low-Light (LOL) dataset show that Retexformer+ outperforms other State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, with the computational complexity increased to an acceptable 51.63 G FLOPS. On the LOL_v1 dataset, RetinexFormer+ shows an increase of 1.15 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and a decrease of 0.39 in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). On the LOL_v2_real dataset, the PSNR increases by 0.42 and the RMSE decreases by 0.18. Experimental results on the Exdark dataset show that Retexformer+ can effectively enhance real-scene images and maintain their semantic information.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB)is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and organ...BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB)is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and organisms and how it influences immune responses remain unresolved.AIM To investigate the role of UCB in intestinal barrier function and immune inflammation in mice with dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 3%(w/v)dextran sulfate sodium salt in drinking water for 6 d followed by untreated water for 2 d.Concurrently,mice with colitis were administered 0.2 mL UCB(400μmol/L)by intra-gastric gavage for 7 d.Disease activity index(DAI)was monitored daily.Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.The length of the colon and weight of the spleen were recorded.Serum level of D-lactate,intestinal digestive proteases activity,and changes to the gut flora were analyzed.In addition,colonic specimens were analyzed by histology and for expression of inflammatory markers and proteins.RESULTS Mice treated with UCB had significantly relieved severity of colitis,including lower DAI,longer colon length,and lower spleen weight(colon length:4.92±0.09 cm vs 3.9±0.15 cm;spleen weight:0.33±0.04 vs 0.74±0.04,P<0.001).UCB administration inactivated digestive proteases(chymotrypsin:18.70±0.69 U/g vs44.81±8.60 U/g;trypsin:1.52±0.23 U/g vs 9.05±1.77 U/g,P<0.01),increased expression of tight junction(0.99±0.05 vs 0.57±0.03,P<0.001),decreased serum level of D-lactate(31.76±3.37μmol/L vs 54.25±1.45μmol/L,P<0.001),and lowered histopathological score(4±0.57 vs 7±0.57,P<0.001)and activity of myeloperoxidase(46.79±2.57 U/g vs 110.32±19.19 U/g,P<0.001).UCB also regulated the intestinal microbiota,inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)αand interleukin 1β(TNF-α:52.61±7.81 pg/mg vs 105.04±11.92 pg/mg,interleukin 1β:13.43±1.68 vs 32.41±4.62 pg/mg,P<0.001),decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4(0.61±0.09 vs 1.07±0.03,P<0.001)and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(0.73±0.08 vs 1.01±0.07,P<0.05),and increased expression of TNF-receptor-associated factor 6(0.79±0.02 vs0.43±0.09 P<0.05)and inhibitor of kappa Bα(0.93±0.07 vs 0.72±0.07,P<0.05)in the colon.CONCLUSION UCB can protect intestinal barrier function,regulate normal intestinal homeostasis,and suppress inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability.However,there are abundant persistent free radicals(PFRs)in biochar,so the d...Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability.However,there are abundant persistent free radicals(PFRs)in biochar,so the direct and indirect PFRs-mediated removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochar was widely reported.In order to comprehend deeply the formation of PFRs in biochar and their interactions with contaminants,this paper reviews the formation mechanisms of PFRs in biochar and the PFRs-mediated environmental applications of biochar in recent years.Finally,future challenges in this field are also proposed.This review provides a more comprehensive understanding on the emerging applications of biochar from the viewpoint of the catalytic role of PFRs.展开更多
Objective:To conduct the meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis(TSA) on clinical trials of fire needling therapy in treatment of gouty arthritis and review systematically the clinical therapeutic effect of fire n...Objective:To conduct the meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis(TSA) on clinical trials of fire needling therapy in treatment of gouty arthritis and review systematically the clinical therapeutic effect of fire needling therapy on gouty arthritis so as to provide the medical evidences of the extensive application of this therapy in treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:The relevant clinical trials of fire needling therapy for treatment of gouty arthritis were searched from China National knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,American Medical Online,Dutch Medical Literature Database and International Evidence-Based Medical library.Using Review Manager 5.3 software,the quality of the included trials was assessed and meta-analysis was performed.With TSA v0.9 software,the trial sequential analysis was conduced on the appropriate outcomes.Results:A total of 10 trials were included with 775 patients involved.The analysis results showed that compared with the western medication,the total effective rate(RR=1.14’95%CI [1.09,1.20]),the curative rate(RR=1.59’95%CI [1.33,1.89]),the reduced VAS score(MD=-1.44’ 95%CI [-1.93,-0.951]) and the reduced incidence of adverse reaction(RR=0.27’ 95% CI [0.09,0.76]) of the fire needling therapy were different significantly(all P <0.05).Regarding the reduction of blood uric acid(MD=-40.47’ 95%CI [-80.21,-0.72]) and the score of symptoms and physical signs(MD=-1.38’95% CI [-3.71,0.95]),the effect of fire needling therapy was similar to that of western medication group(both P≥0.05).The trial sequential analysis suggested that the result was reliable,in which,the total effective rate of fire needling therapy was much higher than the western medication.But,it was potentially a false-positive finding,in which,fire needling therapy was much more advantageous at reducing blood uric acid as compared with the western medication.Conclusion:Based on the analytic results,it can be determined that fire needling therapy,as an effective approach to the treatment of gouty arthritis,has a certain advantage as compared with western medication.Given the low overall quality of trials,it still needs high-quality clinical trial to verify the findings of this study results.展开更多
Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products...Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products,such as slurry monoammonium phosphate(MAP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and so on.After more than 60 years of development,China’s ammonium phosphate fertilizer industry has experienced the road of from scratch and from weak to strong.The successful development of the slurry MAP technology ended the history that the high concentration phosphate fertilizer cannot be produced by using the medium and low grade phosphate ore.The continuous,stable and large-scale production of DAP plant provides sufficient guarantee for DAP products in China.The development of new ammonium phosphate fertilizer products,such as industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble APP,provides technical support for the transformation and upgrading of phosphorus chemical enterprises.In this paper,the production methods,the development history and the latest research progress of ammonium phosphate fertilizers were reviewed.展开更多
BACKGROUND This case report discusses a modified approach for maxillary sinus augmentation,in which platelet-rich fibrin,endoscope,simultaneous implant placement,and sinus floor elevation(PESS)were applied for a maxil...BACKGROUND This case report discusses a modified approach for maxillary sinus augmentation,in which platelet-rich fibrin,endoscope,simultaneous implant placement,and sinus floor elevation(PESS)were applied for a maxillary sinus floor lift in a 40-year-old patient.CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old woman suffered missing upper right first molar.Implant stability quotient and cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)were used to evaluate the diagnosis.CBCT showed insufficient posterior maxillary bone with a mean residual alveolar bone height of only 3.5 mm.The patient underwent a minimally invasive sinus floor elevation endoscopically.The sinus membrane was elevated in two stages,and a 12-mm implant was placed immediately.At 3 mo postoperatively,the final impressions were accomplished,and a full-ceramic crown was fit-placed.A 6-mo follow-up demonstrated satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.CONCLUSION This is the first report to use an endoscope for maxillary sinus floor lifting in cases with severe and insufficient bone height.This case report demonstrates the advantages of the PESS technique,which include minimal invasiveness with high precision,being applicable in cases with a residual alveolar bone height<4 mm with a promising result,and a shortened treatment period from 12 to 3 mo.展开更多
Accurate diagnosis of tumors needs much detailed information. However, available single imaging modality cannot provide complete or comprehensive data. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine, an...Accurate diagnosis of tumors needs much detailed information. However, available single imaging modality cannot provide complete or comprehensive data. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine, and multimodality imaging based on nanoparticles has been receiving extensive attention. This new hybrid imaging technology could provide complementary information from different imaging modalities using only a single injection of contrast agent. In this review, we introduce recent developments in multifunctional nanoparticles and their biomedical applications to multimodal imaging and theragnosis as nanomedicine. Most of the reviewed studies are based on the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles and their application in clinical imaging technology. The imaging techniques include positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and ultrasound imaging.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82273704)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant Nos.2023ZD0501400-2023ZD0501402)+3 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(Grant No.DFL20241102)Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(Grant No.ZLRK202325)Peking University Medicine Fund for World’s Leading Discipline or Discipline Cluster Development(Grant No.BMU2022XKQ004)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(Grant Nos.BJCH2024BJ02,XKFZ2410,and 2022-27).
文摘Objective:The key molecular events signifying the Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis process are largely unknown.Methods:Bulk tissue-proteomics profiling were leveraged across multi-stage gastric lesions from Linqu(n=166)and Beijing sets(n=99)and single-cell transcriptomic profiling(n=18)to decipher key molecular signatures of H.pylori-related gastric lesion progression and gastric cancer(GC)development.The association of key proteins association with gastric lesion progression and GC development were prospectively studied building on follow-up of the Linqu set and UK Biobank(n=48,529).Results:Concordant proteomics signatures associated with H.pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis(ρ=0.784,correlation P=1.80×10^(−36))were identified.RNA expression of genes encoding 13 up-and 15 down-regulated key proteins displayed trending alterations in the transition from normal gastric epithelium to intestinal metaplasia,then to malignant cells.A 15-tissue protein panel integrating these signatures demonstrated potential for targeting individuals at high risk for progressing to gastric neoplasia(OR=7.22,95%CI:1.31-39.72 for the high-score group).A 4-circulating protein panel may be used as non-invasive markers predicting the risk of GC development(hazard ratio=3.73,95%confidence interval:1.63-8.54,high-risk vs.low-risk populations,area under the curve=0.75).Conclusions:Concordant proteomics signatures associated with H.pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis were unveiled with potential as biomarkers for targeted prevention strategies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3501805)the Science and Technology Program of Tianjin in China(23ZYJDSS00030)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374030)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2021KJ127)Tianjin Outstanding Youth Fund(23JCJQJC00030).
文摘Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents,including the saponins,polysaccharides,polyacetylenes,amino acids,etc.It has beneficial functions,such as the anti-inflammatory,antitumor,hepatoprotective,and anti-aging effects.Among these,P.notoginseng polysaccharides(PNPs)have been exploited because of their extensive pharmacological effects,being ranked as one of the current research hotspots,especially for the functional foods and medical practice.In this review,the literature related to PNPs in the past 20 years was surveyed and analyzed using both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases.The visualization diagram shows that current studies on PNPs mainly focus on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and structural characterization.In addition,the extraction,separation,purification,chemical analysis,structural characteristics,bioactivities,and applications of PNPs are outlined,in detail,aimed to provide valuable information for the further study,development,and utilization regarding PNPs.
基金supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project(No.202202AG050003)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.202101BE070001-018 and 202201AT070070)+1 种基金the National Youth Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province China(No.YNQR-QNRC-2020-011)Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)。
文摘Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.
基金2023 Southwest Medical University Higher Education Teaching Reform and Research Project(Project No.:JG2023jdyb032)2023 Chengdu Medical College School-level Undergraduate Educational Reform Project(Project No.:JG2023057)-Context of“New Medical Science”。
文摘Objective:To investigate the application effect of the SECI theoretical model-based training program in enhancing clinical nursing teachers‘information-based teaching capabilities.Methods:A self-control study design was adopted,with 124 clinical nursing teachers from a tertiary hospital participating in the SECI training program from January 2024 to June 2025.The program was implemented through four stages:“Establishing Teacher Community(Socialization)”,“Case Teaching(Extravagant)”,“Integration of Discipline and Research(Fusion)”,and“Routine Application of Teaching(Implicit)”.Self-designed questionnaires were used to assess teachers’information-based teaching capabilities before and after training,covering four dimensions:awareness and attitude towards information-based teaching,foundational skills,teaching practice,and professional practice.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Results:Post-training,the total score of clinical nursing teachers’information-based teaching capabilities increased from(53.47±15.56)to(78.92±12.34),showing statistically significant differences(t=15.732,P<0.001).Scores in all dimensions also showed significant improvements(P<0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that educational background(β=0.198,P=0.026)and professional title(β=0.184,P=0.040)were primary influencing factors for pre-training information-based teaching capabilities,while their impact weakened post-training.Conclusion:The training program based on SECI theory effectively enhances clinical nursing educators’digital teaching capabilities.Its structured,spiral-up knowledge transformation process helps bridge competency gaps among teachers from diverse backgrounds,facilitates the mutual conversion and deep integration of tacit and explicit knowledge,and provides a practical new model for developing digital teaching competencies in clinical nursing education.
基金Supported by the Talent Launch Fund of Chongqing Medical University Affiliated University City HospitalChongqing Medical University Affiliated University City Hospital Youth Program,No.2021ZD05.
文摘BACKGROUND The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy(DN)remain incompletely elucidated,prompting researchers to explore new perspectives and identify novel intervention targets in this field.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the development of DN by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)molecular chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)expression.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses identified potential FXR-binding elements in the BiP promoter.Dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays confirmed FXR-BiP binding sites.In vitro studies used SV40 MES 13 cells under varying glucose conditions and treatments with FXR modulators[obeticholic acid(INT-747)and guggulsterones]or BiP small interfering RNA.The expression of BiP and ERS-related proteins[protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)]was assessed alongside cell proliferation and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis.In vivo studies in DN mice(db/db)examined the effects of FXR activation on renal function and morphology.RESULTS FXR bound to the target sequence in the BiP promoter region,enhancing transcriptional activity,as confirmed by ChIP experiments.FXR expression decreased in SV40 MES 13 cells stimulated with high glucose and in renal tissues of DN mice compared with control.Treatment of SV40 MES 13 cells with the FXR agonist INT-747 significantly increased intracellular BiP expression,whereas silencing the FXR gene led to the downregulation of BiP levels.In vivo administration of INT-747 significantly elevated BiP levels in renal tissues,improved renal function and fibrosis in DN mice,while inhibiting the expression of ERS-related signaling proteins PERK,IRE1,and ATF6.CONCLUSION FXR promotes BiP expression by binding to its promoter,suppressing ERS pathways,and reducing mesangial cell proliferation and ECM synthesis.These findings highlight FXR as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
基金supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Project 62166047in part by the Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Natural Rubber Intelligent Monitor and Digital Applications under Grant 202403AP140001in part by the Xingdian Talent Support Program under Grant YNWR-QNBJ-2019-270.
文摘The era of big data brings new challenges for information network systems(INS),simultaneously offering unprecedented opportunities for advancing intelligent intrusion detection systems.In this work,we propose a data-driven intrusion detection system for Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack detection.The system focuses on intrusion detection from a big data perceptive.As intelligent information processing methods,big data and artificial intelligence have been widely used in information systems.The INS system is an important information system in cyberspace.In advanced INS systems,the network architectures have become more complex.And the smart devices in INS systems collect a large scale of network data.How to improve the performance of a complex intrusion detection system with big data and artificial intelligence is a big challenge.To address the problem,we design a novel intrusion detection system(IDS)from a big data perspective.The IDS system uses tensors to represent large-scale and complex multi-source network data in a unified tensor.Then,a novel tensor decomposition(TD)method is developed to complete big data mining.The TD method seamlessly collaborates with the XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)method to complete the intrusion detection.To verify the proposed IDS system,a series of experiments is conducted on two real network datasets.The results revealed that the proposed IDS system attained an impressive accuracy rate over 98%.Additionally,by altering the scale of the datasets,the proposed IDS system still maintains excellent detection performance,which demonstrates the proposed IDS system’s robustness.
基金2023 Educational Reform Project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine JGJD202320:Research on the Application of Workshop Teaching Model Based on DEU Concept in Teaching of Internship Nursing Students。
文摘Objective:To investigate the implementation effects of the workshop teaching model based on the DEU(Dedicated Education Unit)philosophy in clinical nursing education for intern nurses,and analyze its impacts on students’critical thinking abilities,operational skill levels,and satisfaction.Methods:A total of 80 undergraduate nursing students interning at a tertiary hospital in Deyang City from January to June 2025 were randomly divided into an experimental group(40 students)and a control group(40 students).The control group received conventional lecture-based instruction,while the experimental group adopted the DEU-based workshop teaching model.Comparative analyses were conducted on theoretical scores,operational assessment results,Critical Thinking Inventory(CTDI-CV)scores,and satisfaction surveys between the two groups.Results:The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher theoretical scores,operational skill assessments,and critical thinking dimension scores compared to the control group(P<0.05),with notable improvements in teaching satisfaction.Conclusion:Integrating the DEU philosophy with workshop teaching models can effectively enhance clinical teaching quality,strengthen nursing students’comprehensive competencies,and boost learning motivation.This approach is recommended for widespread adoption in clinical nursing education.
基金supported by the Tencent Charity Foundationthe Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program(No.2021BEG 02025)+1 种基金the Flexible Introduction of Technological Innovation Teams of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2021RXTDLX15)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160644)。
文摘Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency.We aimed to evaluate the ability of five common stomach-specific serum biomarkers to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC in the questionnaire-identified high-risk population.Methods:This study was conducted based on a risk-based screening program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.We first performed questionnaire assessment involving 23,381 individuals(7,042 outpatients and 16,339 individuals from the community),and those assessed as“high-risk”were then invited to participate in serological assays and endoscopic examinations.The serological biomarker model was derived based on logistic regression,with predictors selected via the Akaike information criterion.Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2,011 participants were ultimately included for analysis.The final serological biomarker model had three predictors,comprising pepsinogenⅠ(PGI),pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱratio(PGR),and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(anti-H.pylori IgG)antibodies.This model generated an AUC of 0.733(95%confidence interval:0.655-0.812)and demonstrated the best discriminative ability compared with previously developed serological biomarker models.As the risk cut-off value of our model rose,the detection rate increased and the number of endoscopies needed to detect one case decreased.Conclusions:PGI,PGR,and anti-H.pylori Ig G could be jointly used to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC among those selected by questionnaire assessment,providing insight for the development of a multi-stage riskbased sequential strategy for GC screening.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology at College of Sichuan Province(2023YB04).
文摘Enhancing low-light images with color distortion and uneven multi-light source distribution presents challenges. Most advanced methods for low-light image enhancement are based on the Retinex model using deep learning. Retinexformer introduces channel self-attention mechanisms in the IG-MSA. However, it fails to effectively capture long-range spatial dependencies, leaving room for improvement. Based on the Retinexformer deep learning framework, we designed the Retinexformer+ network. The “+” signifies our advancements in extracting long-range spatial dependencies. We introduced multi-scale dilated convolutions in illumination estimation to expand the receptive field. These convolutions effectively capture the weakening semantic dependency between pixels as distance increases. In illumination restoration, we used Unet++ with multi-level skip connections to better integrate semantic information at different scales. The designed Illumination Fusion Dual Self-Attention (IF-DSA) module embeds multi-scale dilated convolutions to achieve spatial self-attention. This module captures long-range spatial semantic relationships within acceptable computational complexity. Experimental results on the Low-Light (LOL) dataset show that Retexformer+ outperforms other State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, with the computational complexity increased to an acceptable 51.63 G FLOPS. On the LOL_v1 dataset, RetinexFormer+ shows an increase of 1.15 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and a decrease of 0.39 in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). On the LOL_v2_real dataset, the PSNR increases by 0.42 and the RMSE decreases by 0.18. Experimental results on the Exdark dataset show that Retexformer+ can effectively enhance real-scene images and maintain their semantic information.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Foundation of China,No.81703232
文摘BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB)is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and organisms and how it influences immune responses remain unresolved.AIM To investigate the role of UCB in intestinal barrier function and immune inflammation in mice with dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 3%(w/v)dextran sulfate sodium salt in drinking water for 6 d followed by untreated water for 2 d.Concurrently,mice with colitis were administered 0.2 mL UCB(400μmol/L)by intra-gastric gavage for 7 d.Disease activity index(DAI)was monitored daily.Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.The length of the colon and weight of the spleen were recorded.Serum level of D-lactate,intestinal digestive proteases activity,and changes to the gut flora were analyzed.In addition,colonic specimens were analyzed by histology and for expression of inflammatory markers and proteins.RESULTS Mice treated with UCB had significantly relieved severity of colitis,including lower DAI,longer colon length,and lower spleen weight(colon length:4.92±0.09 cm vs 3.9±0.15 cm;spleen weight:0.33±0.04 vs 0.74±0.04,P<0.001).UCB administration inactivated digestive proteases(chymotrypsin:18.70±0.69 U/g vs44.81±8.60 U/g;trypsin:1.52±0.23 U/g vs 9.05±1.77 U/g,P<0.01),increased expression of tight junction(0.99±0.05 vs 0.57±0.03,P<0.001),decreased serum level of D-lactate(31.76±3.37μmol/L vs 54.25±1.45μmol/L,P<0.001),and lowered histopathological score(4±0.57 vs 7±0.57,P<0.001)and activity of myeloperoxidase(46.79±2.57 U/g vs 110.32±19.19 U/g,P<0.001).UCB also regulated the intestinal microbiota,inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)αand interleukin 1β(TNF-α:52.61±7.81 pg/mg vs 105.04±11.92 pg/mg,interleukin 1β:13.43±1.68 vs 32.41±4.62 pg/mg,P<0.001),decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4(0.61±0.09 vs 1.07±0.03,P<0.001)and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(0.73±0.08 vs 1.01±0.07,P<0.05),and increased expression of TNF-receptor-associated factor 6(0.79±0.02 vs0.43±0.09 P<0.05)and inhibitor of kappa Bα(0.93±0.07 vs 0.72±0.07,P<0.05)in the colon.CONCLUSION UCB can protect intestinal barrier function,regulate normal intestinal homeostasis,and suppress inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52000013)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(No.18B415,18B406 and 18A378)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2020JJ4643)the training program for Excellent Yong Innovators of Changsha(No.kq1802022)。
文摘Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability.However,there are abundant persistent free radicals(PFRs)in biochar,so the direct and indirect PFRs-mediated removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochar was widely reported.In order to comprehend deeply the formation of PFRs in biochar and their interactions with contaminants,this paper reviews the formation mechanisms of PFRs in biochar and the PFRs-mediated environmental applications of biochar in recent years.Finally,future challenges in this field are also proposed.This review provides a more comprehensive understanding on the emerging applications of biochar from the viewpoint of the catalytic role of PFRs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81460763,81960908.
文摘Objective:To conduct the meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis(TSA) on clinical trials of fire needling therapy in treatment of gouty arthritis and review systematically the clinical therapeutic effect of fire needling therapy on gouty arthritis so as to provide the medical evidences of the extensive application of this therapy in treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:The relevant clinical trials of fire needling therapy for treatment of gouty arthritis were searched from China National knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,American Medical Online,Dutch Medical Literature Database and International Evidence-Based Medical library.Using Review Manager 5.3 software,the quality of the included trials was assessed and meta-analysis was performed.With TSA v0.9 software,the trial sequential analysis was conduced on the appropriate outcomes.Results:A total of 10 trials were included with 775 patients involved.The analysis results showed that compared with the western medication,the total effective rate(RR=1.14’95%CI [1.09,1.20]),the curative rate(RR=1.59’95%CI [1.33,1.89]),the reduced VAS score(MD=-1.44’ 95%CI [-1.93,-0.951]) and the reduced incidence of adverse reaction(RR=0.27’ 95% CI [0.09,0.76]) of the fire needling therapy were different significantly(all P <0.05).Regarding the reduction of blood uric acid(MD=-40.47’ 95%CI [-80.21,-0.72]) and the score of symptoms and physical signs(MD=-1.38’95% CI [-3.71,0.95]),the effect of fire needling therapy was similar to that of western medication group(both P≥0.05).The trial sequential analysis suggested that the result was reliable,in which,the total effective rate of fire needling therapy was much higher than the western medication.But,it was potentially a false-positive finding,in which,fire needling therapy was much more advantageous at reducing blood uric acid as compared with the western medication.Conclusion:Based on the analytic results,it can be determined that fire needling therapy,as an effective approach to the treatment of gouty arthritis,has a certain advantage as compared with western medication.Given the low overall quality of trials,it still needs high-quality clinical trial to verify the findings of this study results.
文摘Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products,such as slurry monoammonium phosphate(MAP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and so on.After more than 60 years of development,China’s ammonium phosphate fertilizer industry has experienced the road of from scratch and from weak to strong.The successful development of the slurry MAP technology ended the history that the high concentration phosphate fertilizer cannot be produced by using the medium and low grade phosphate ore.The continuous,stable and large-scale production of DAP plant provides sufficient guarantee for DAP products in China.The development of new ammonium phosphate fertilizer products,such as industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble APP,provides technical support for the transformation and upgrading of phosphorus chemical enterprises.In this paper,the production methods,the development history and the latest research progress of ammonium phosphate fertilizers were reviewed.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Science and Technological ProjectsInternational Cooperation,No.20180414030GHJilin Provincial Sanitation and Health-Technical Innovation Fund,No.2018J074
文摘BACKGROUND This case report discusses a modified approach for maxillary sinus augmentation,in which platelet-rich fibrin,endoscope,simultaneous implant placement,and sinus floor elevation(PESS)were applied for a maxillary sinus floor lift in a 40-year-old patient.CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old woman suffered missing upper right first molar.Implant stability quotient and cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)were used to evaluate the diagnosis.CBCT showed insufficient posterior maxillary bone with a mean residual alveolar bone height of only 3.5 mm.The patient underwent a minimally invasive sinus floor elevation endoscopically.The sinus membrane was elevated in two stages,and a 12-mm implant was placed immediately.At 3 mo postoperatively,the final impressions were accomplished,and a full-ceramic crown was fit-placed.A 6-mo follow-up demonstrated satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.CONCLUSION This is the first report to use an endoscope for maxillary sinus floor lifting in cases with severe and insufficient bone height.This case report demonstrates the advantages of the PESS technique,which include minimal invasiveness with high precision,being applicable in cases with a residual alveolar bone height<4 mm with a promising result,and a shortened treatment period from 12 to 3 mo.
文摘Accurate diagnosis of tumors needs much detailed information. However, available single imaging modality cannot provide complete or comprehensive data. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine, and multimodality imaging based on nanoparticles has been receiving extensive attention. This new hybrid imaging technology could provide complementary information from different imaging modalities using only a single injection of contrast agent. In this review, we introduce recent developments in multifunctional nanoparticles and their biomedical applications to multimodal imaging and theragnosis as nanomedicine. Most of the reviewed studies are based on the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles and their application in clinical imaging technology. The imaging techniques include positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and ultrasound imaging.
