Tuberculous meningitis(TBM),which accounts for 1%-5%of global tuberculosis cases,is a severe neurological infection with a mortality rate of 30%-50%.Its high fatality and disability rates disproportionately affect low...Tuberculous meningitis(TBM),which accounts for 1%-5%of global tuberculosis cases,is a severe neurological infection with a mortality rate of 30%-50%.Its high fatality and disability rates disproportionately affect low-and middle-income regions(e.g.,sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia),threatening the lives of patients and imposing significant psychosocial burdens.Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of psychosocial factors,including socioeconomic status,disease severity,and social support systems in recovery.However,research gaps persist in developing TBM-specific psychosocial interventions.This narrative review summarizes and organizes the key findings of observational studies,cohort studies,and intervention trials published between 2015 and 2024.Databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched for terms related to TBM,psychosocial risk factors and mental health interventions.Studies were screened for relevance and quality,focusing on those that examined the psychological and social determinants of mental health outcomes in patients with TBM.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnanc...Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.展开更多
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood, with a high heritability about 60% to 90%. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Numerous studies have re...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood, with a high heritability about 60% to 90%. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family （5-HTR） gene polymorphisms and ADHD, but the results are still controversial. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTRIB, 5-HTR2A, and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD. The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTRIB SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD （OR= 1.09, 95% CI： 1.01-1.18）; the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 （OR=1.69, 95% CI： 1.38-2.07） and rs3813929 （OR = 1.57, 95% CI： 1.25-1.97） were all associated with the risk of ADHD. In addition, we also carried on a case- control study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR1A, 5-HTRIE, 5-HTR3A and ADHD. The results indicated that 5-HTRIA rs6295 genotype （CC＋CG vs. GG OR=Z00, 95% CI： 1.23-3.27） and allele （OR=1.77, 95% CI： 1.16-2.72） models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group. This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD, and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.展开更多
Objective To study the prevalence of different types of neural tube defects （NTDs） in Luliang Prefecture, Shanxi province, where the prevalence of NTDs is unusually high and the correlation between NTDs prevalence a...Objective To study the prevalence of different types of neural tube defects （NTDs） in Luliang Prefecture, Shanxi province, where the prevalence of NTDs is unusually high and the correlation between NTDs prevalence and patterns. Methods A surveillance population-based birth defects was performed in Luliang Prefecture, Shanxi province. Results The results of our study showed that the prevalence of NTDs was 2-fold higher in Luliang Prefecture than in other areas of Shanxi province. Unusual patterns of NTDs were found, however, multiple NTDs were relatively common in Luliang Prefecture, accounting for over 13% of all NTDs cases in China. Conclusion The prevalence of NTDs is associated with its patterns.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients.Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles(MSC-MVs)have been shown to ex...BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients.Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles(MSC-MVs)have been shown to exert antifibrotic effects in lung diseases.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanisms of MSC-MVs on pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mouse models.METHODS MSC-MVs with low hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)expression(siHGF-MSC-MVs)were obtained via lentivirus transfection and used to establish the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Following intubation,respiratory mechanics-related indicators were measured via an experimental small animal lung function tester.Homing of MSC-MVs in lung tissues was investigated by near-infrared live imaging.Immunohistochemical,western blotting,ELISA and other methods were used to detect expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related proteins and to compare effects on pulmonary fibrosis and fibrosis-related indicators.RESULTS The MSC-MVs gradually migrated and homed to damaged lung tissues in the ARDS model mice.Treatment with MSC-MVs significantly reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis scores.However,low expression of HGF(siHGF-MSC-MVs)significantly inhibited the effects of MSC-MVs(P<0.05).Compared with the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis group,the MSC-MVs group exhibited suppressed expression of type I collagen antigen,type III collagen antigen,and the proteins transforming growth factor-βandα-smooth muscle actin,whereas the siHGF-MVs group exhibited significantly increased expression of these proteins.In addition,pulmonary compliance and the pressure of oxygen/oxygen inhalation ratio were significantly lower in the MSC-MVs group,and the effects of the MSC-MVs were significantly inhibited by low HGF expression(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION MSC-MVs improved lung ventilation functions and inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mice partly via HGF mRNA transfer.展开更多
Pregnancy is a critical stimulator of bone mineral resorption. We used to find the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are related with blood lead levels among pregnant women. Pregnancy-stimulated bone turnover may be associated...Pregnancy is a critical stimulator of bone mineral resorption. We used to find the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are related with blood lead levels among pregnant women. Pregnancy-stimulated bone turnover may be associated with MTHFR gene polymorphisms too. In this article, we aimed to determine the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and bone turnover rates among the pregnant women. The participants including pregnant and non-pregnant women were selected and recruited during their routine prenatal or physical examination from July to October in 2012. A total of 1000 participants, including 250 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters and 250 non-pregnant women, were enrolled in the study. Finally, after excluding 27 participants unable to provide blood samples, 973 eligible participants （i.e., 234, 249, and 248 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, and 242 non-pregnant women） were included in the research. The MTHFR gene 1298CC homozygote carriers were more susceptible to yield higher plasma homocysteine levels than the 1298AA/AC carriers, with standardized coefficients of 0.086 （P〈0.05） and 0.104 （P〈0.01） of all the participants and the pregnant women, respectively. The MTHFR gene 1793AA homozygote carriers more likely showed higher plasma osteocalcin levels （standardized β=0.091, P〈0.01） than the 1793GG/GA carriers among all the subjects. Plasma homocysteine levels were positively correlated with blood lead levels among the participants and the pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.320 （P〈0.01） and 0.179 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Plasma osteocalcin levels were positively associated with blood lead levels among pregnant and non-pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.084 （P〈0.05） and 0.125 （P〈0.01）, respectively. In conclusion, homocysteine and osteocalcin contents in plasma are associated with the MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism and blood lead levels among pregnant women. The MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism-related homocysteine is a possible risk factor for increased blood lead levels among Chinese women.展开更多
Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six ...Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six prominent LLMs(ChatGPT-o4-mini-high,ChatGPT-4o,DeepSeek-R1,DeepSeek-V3,Qwen3-235B-A22B,and Qwen2.5-max)using multiple-choice and case-based questions from the 2025 Zhejiang Field Epidemiology Training Program entrance examination.Model responses were evaluated against standard answers and benchmarked against performance scores from junior epidemiologists.Results For multiple-choice questions,only DeepSeek-V3(75%)exceeded the 75th percentile performance level of junior epidemiologists(67.5%).In case-based assessments,most LLMs achieved or surpassed the 75th percentile of junior epidemiologists,demonstrating particular strength in data analysis tasks.Conclusion Although LLMs demonstrate promise as supportive tools in field epidemiology investigations,they cannot yet replace human expertise.Significant challenges persist regarding the accuracy and timeliness of model outputs,alongside critical concerns about data security and privacy protection that must be addressed before widespread implementation.展开更多
An early Late Cretaceous NW-SE compressional event that induced the uplift of the coastal mountains was recognized among the overall extensional regime in east China.While previous studies have explored the paleoeleva...An early Late Cretaceous NW-SE compressional event that induced the uplift of the coastal mountains was recognized among the overall extensional regime in east China.While previous studies have explored the paleoelevation,paleogeographical extent,and possible climatic effects of coastal mountains,the exact timing of initial uplift has remained elusive.In this study,we applied detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology to sandstones from the Dasheng Group in the Yishu Rift Basin,east China.Our results suggest that the primary provenance of the Dasheng Group is intermediate-basic volcanic rocks(800–500 Ma,330–215 Ma,and 150–122 Ma)derived from the Luxi Uplift and Sulu Orogenic Belt,and the secondary provenance is Mesoproterozoic-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks(2500–2300 Ma and 1850–1600 Ma)derived from the Jiaobei Terrane.The zircon age peaks of the Dasheng Group in the Yishu Rift Basin are nearly the same as those of the Lower Cretaceous Laiyang Group in the Jiaolai Basin.However,the proportion of pre-Mesozoic zircons decreases.For the Mesozoic zircons,although their main age peak is close to that of the Laiyang Group,their secondary age peak is similar to that of the Wangshi Group.We infer that the transitional characteristic of the Dasheng Group was caused by the initial uplift of the coastal mountains.Therefore,we speculate that the initial uplift of the coastal mountains occurred during the deposition of the Dasheng Group,and limit the maximum depositional age(MDA)of the Dasheng Group to 100–95 Ma.展开更多
Objective:Phenolic acids widely exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects such as improving glucose metabolism.It is not clear whether phenolic acids or their metabolites play a major role in vivo.In this s...Objective:Phenolic acids widely exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects such as improving glucose metabolism.It is not clear whether phenolic acids or their metabolites play a major role in vivo.In this study,caffeic acid(CA)and ferulic acid(FA),the two most ingested phenolic acids,and their glucuronic acid metabolites,caffeic-4’-O-glucuronide(CA4G)and ferulic-4’-O-glucuronide(FA4G),were investigated.Methods:Three insulin resistance models in vitro were established by using TNF-a,insulin and palmitic acid(PA)in HepG2 cells,respectively.We compared the effects of FA,FA4G,CA and CA4G on glucose metabolism in these models by measuring the glucose consumption levels.The potential targets and related pathways were predicted by network pharmacology.Fluorescence quenching measurement was used to analyze the binding between the compounds and the predicted target.To investigate the binding mode,molecular docking was performed.Then,we performed membrane recruitment assays of the AKT pleckstrin homology(PH)domain with the help of the PH-GFP plasmid.AKT enzymatic activity was determined to compare the effects between the metabolites with their parent compounds.Finally,the downstream signaling pathway of AKT was investigated by Western blot analysis.Results:The results showed that CA4G and FA4G were more potent than their parent compounds in increasing glucose consumption.AKT was predicted to be the key target of CA4G and FA4G by network pharmacology analysis.The fluorescence quenching test confirmed the more potent binding to AKT of the two metabolites compared to their parent compounds.The molecular docking results indicated that the carbonyl group in the glucuronic acid structure of CA4G and FA4G might bind to the PH domain of AKT at the key Arg-25 site.CA4G and FA4G inhibited the translocation of the AKT PH domain to the membrane,while increasing the activity of AKT.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the metabolites could increase the phosphorylation of AKT and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3βin the AKT signaling pathway to increase glucose consumption.Conclusion:In conclusion,our results suggested that the metabolites of phenolic acids,which contain glucuronic acid,are the key active substances and that they activate AKT by targeting the PH domain,thus improving glucose metabolism.展开更多
Herein,we introduced a nitrogen-alkali lignin-doped phenolic resin(N@AL_(n)PR)to produce palladium nanoparticles through an in situ reduction of palladium in an aqueous phase,without the need for additional reagents o...Herein,we introduced a nitrogen-alkali lignin-doped phenolic resin(N@AL_(n)PR)to produce palladium nanoparticles through an in situ reduction of palladium in an aqueous phase,without the need for additional reagents or a reducing atmosphere.The phenolic resin nanospheres and the resulting palladium nanoparticles were extensively characterized.Alkali lignin created a highly conducive environment for nitrogen incorporation,dispersion,reduction,and stabilization of palladium,leading to a distinct catalytic performance of palladium nanoparticles in vanillin hydrodeoxygenation.Under specific conditions of 1 mmol of vanillin,40 mg of catalyst,1 MPa H_(2),90°C,and 3 h,the optimized Pd/N@AL_(30)PR catalyst exhibited a nearly complete conversion of vanillin,98.9%selectivity toward p-creosol,and good stability for multiple reuses.Consequently,an environmentally friendly lignin-based catalyst was developed and used for the efficient hydrodeoxygenation conversion of lignin-based platform compounds.展开更多
文摘Tuberculous meningitis(TBM),which accounts for 1%-5%of global tuberculosis cases,is a severe neurological infection with a mortality rate of 30%-50%.Its high fatality and disability rates disproportionately affect low-and middle-income regions(e.g.,sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia),threatening the lives of patients and imposing significant psychosocial burdens.Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of psychosocial factors,including socioeconomic status,disease severity,and social support systems in recovery.However,research gaps persist in developing TBM-specific psychosocial interventions.This narrative review summarizes and organizes the key findings of observational studies,cohort studies,and intervention trials published between 2015 and 2024.Databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched for terms related to TBM,psychosocial risk factors and mental health interventions.Studies were screened for relevance and quality,focusing on those that examined the psychological and social determinants of mental health outcomes in patients with TBM.
基金National "973"Project on Population and Health (No. 2001CB5103)National Healthy Baby Promotion Program (No. FP2000NO13)+1 种基金Education Ministry Key Program (No. 02185)National Yangzi Scholar Program, 211 and 985 Projects of Peking University (No. 20020903)
文摘Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.
文摘Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood, with a high heritability about 60% to 90%. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family （5-HTR） gene polymorphisms and ADHD, but the results are still controversial. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTRIB, 5-HTR2A, and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD. The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTRIB SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD （OR= 1.09, 95% CI： 1.01-1.18）; the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 （OR=1.69, 95% CI： 1.38-2.07） and rs3813929 （OR = 1.57, 95% CI： 1.25-1.97） were all associated with the risk of ADHD. In addition, we also carried on a case- control study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR1A, 5-HTRIE, 5-HTR3A and ADHD. The results indicated that 5-HTRIA rs6295 genotype （CC＋CG vs. GG OR=Z00, 95% CI： 1.23-3.27） and allele （OR=1.77, 95% CI： 1.16-2.72） models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group. This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD, and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China "973 Program" (No.2007CB511901)special for National Postdoctoral fund (200801016)+2 种基金National Health Baby Promotion Program (No. FP2000NO13)Education Ministry Key Program (No. 02185)National Yangzi Scholar Program, 211 and 985 Projects of Peking University (No. 20020903)
文摘Objective To study the prevalence of different types of neural tube defects （NTDs） in Luliang Prefecture, Shanxi province, where the prevalence of NTDs is unusually high and the correlation between NTDs prevalence and patterns. Methods A surveillance population-based birth defects was performed in Luliang Prefecture, Shanxi province. Results The results of our study showed that the prevalence of NTDs was 2-fold higher in Luliang Prefecture than in other areas of Shanxi province. Unusual patterns of NTDs were found, however, multiple NTDs were relatively common in Luliang Prefecture, accounting for over 13% of all NTDs cases in China. Conclusion The prevalence of NTDs is associated with its patterns.
基金Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission,No.Z2022008and Research Project of Yangzhou Health Commission,No.2023-2-27.
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients.Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles(MSC-MVs)have been shown to exert antifibrotic effects in lung diseases.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanisms of MSC-MVs on pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mouse models.METHODS MSC-MVs with low hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)expression(siHGF-MSC-MVs)were obtained via lentivirus transfection and used to establish the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Following intubation,respiratory mechanics-related indicators were measured via an experimental small animal lung function tester.Homing of MSC-MVs in lung tissues was investigated by near-infrared live imaging.Immunohistochemical,western blotting,ELISA and other methods were used to detect expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related proteins and to compare effects on pulmonary fibrosis and fibrosis-related indicators.RESULTS The MSC-MVs gradually migrated and homed to damaged lung tissues in the ARDS model mice.Treatment with MSC-MVs significantly reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis scores.However,low expression of HGF(siHGF-MSC-MVs)significantly inhibited the effects of MSC-MVs(P<0.05).Compared with the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis group,the MSC-MVs group exhibited suppressed expression of type I collagen antigen,type III collagen antigen,and the proteins transforming growth factor-βandα-smooth muscle actin,whereas the siHGF-MVs group exhibited significantly increased expression of these proteins.In addition,pulmonary compliance and the pressure of oxygen/oxygen inhalation ratio were significantly lower in the MSC-MVs group,and the effects of the MSC-MVs were significantly inhibited by low HGF expression(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION MSC-MVs improved lung ventilation functions and inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mice partly via HGF mRNA transfer.
基金This project was supported by grants-from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81573235）, Health and Family Commission of Hubei Province （No. 2015CFB376）, and Health and Family Commission of Wuhan Municipality （No. WG15D20）.
文摘Pregnancy is a critical stimulator of bone mineral resorption. We used to find the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are related with blood lead levels among pregnant women. Pregnancy-stimulated bone turnover may be associated with MTHFR gene polymorphisms too. In this article, we aimed to determine the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and bone turnover rates among the pregnant women. The participants including pregnant and non-pregnant women were selected and recruited during their routine prenatal or physical examination from July to October in 2012. A total of 1000 participants, including 250 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters and 250 non-pregnant women, were enrolled in the study. Finally, after excluding 27 participants unable to provide blood samples, 973 eligible participants （i.e., 234, 249, and 248 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, and 242 non-pregnant women） were included in the research. The MTHFR gene 1298CC homozygote carriers were more susceptible to yield higher plasma homocysteine levels than the 1298AA/AC carriers, with standardized coefficients of 0.086 （P〈0.05） and 0.104 （P〈0.01） of all the participants and the pregnant women, respectively. The MTHFR gene 1793AA homozygote carriers more likely showed higher plasma osteocalcin levels （standardized β=0.091, P〈0.01） than the 1793GG/GA carriers among all the subjects. Plasma homocysteine levels were positively correlated with blood lead levels among the participants and the pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.320 （P〈0.01） and 0.179 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Plasma osteocalcin levels were positively associated with blood lead levels among pregnant and non-pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.084 （P〈0.05） and 0.125 （P〈0.01）, respectively. In conclusion, homocysteine and osteocalcin contents in plasma are associated with the MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism and blood lead levels among pregnant women. The MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism-related homocysteine is a possible risk factor for increased blood lead levels among Chinese women.
基金Supported by the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(2024KY896)the Public Health Talent Development Support Program of National Disease Control and Prevention Administration(2025)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Vaccine and Preventive Research on Infectious Diseases from Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2024).
文摘Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six prominent LLMs(ChatGPT-o4-mini-high,ChatGPT-4o,DeepSeek-R1,DeepSeek-V3,Qwen3-235B-A22B,and Qwen2.5-max)using multiple-choice and case-based questions from the 2025 Zhejiang Field Epidemiology Training Program entrance examination.Model responses were evaluated against standard answers and benchmarked against performance scores from junior epidemiologists.Results For multiple-choice questions,only DeepSeek-V3(75%)exceeded the 75th percentile performance level of junior epidemiologists(67.5%).In case-based assessments,most LLMs achieved or surpassed the 75th percentile of junior epidemiologists,demonstrating particular strength in data analysis tasks.Conclusion Although LLMs demonstrate promise as supportive tools in field epidemiology investigations,they cannot yet replace human expertise.Significant challenges persist regarding the accuracy and timeliness of model outputs,alongside critical concerns about data security and privacy protection that must be addressed before widespread implementation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China(No.2023YFF0803303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072116)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652023001 and 265202103).
文摘An early Late Cretaceous NW-SE compressional event that induced the uplift of the coastal mountains was recognized among the overall extensional regime in east China.While previous studies have explored the paleoelevation,paleogeographical extent,and possible climatic effects of coastal mountains,the exact timing of initial uplift has remained elusive.In this study,we applied detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology to sandstones from the Dasheng Group in the Yishu Rift Basin,east China.Our results suggest that the primary provenance of the Dasheng Group is intermediate-basic volcanic rocks(800–500 Ma,330–215 Ma,and 150–122 Ma)derived from the Luxi Uplift and Sulu Orogenic Belt,and the secondary provenance is Mesoproterozoic-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks(2500–2300 Ma and 1850–1600 Ma)derived from the Jiaobei Terrane.The zircon age peaks of the Dasheng Group in the Yishu Rift Basin are nearly the same as those of the Lower Cretaceous Laiyang Group in the Jiaolai Basin.However,the proportion of pre-Mesozoic zircons decreases.For the Mesozoic zircons,although their main age peak is close to that of the Laiyang Group,their secondary age peak is similar to that of the Wangshi Group.We infer that the transitional characteristic of the Dasheng Group was caused by the initial uplift of the coastal mountains.Therefore,we speculate that the initial uplift of the coastal mountains occurred during the deposition of the Dasheng Group,and limit the maximum depositional age(MDA)of the Dasheng Group to 100–95 Ma.
基金funded by Guangxi Innovation-driven Development 20 Special Foundation Project(No.AA18118049)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica(19245-1)“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”of Nankai University(No.63191723)。
文摘Objective:Phenolic acids widely exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects such as improving glucose metabolism.It is not clear whether phenolic acids or their metabolites play a major role in vivo.In this study,caffeic acid(CA)and ferulic acid(FA),the two most ingested phenolic acids,and their glucuronic acid metabolites,caffeic-4’-O-glucuronide(CA4G)and ferulic-4’-O-glucuronide(FA4G),were investigated.Methods:Three insulin resistance models in vitro were established by using TNF-a,insulin and palmitic acid(PA)in HepG2 cells,respectively.We compared the effects of FA,FA4G,CA and CA4G on glucose metabolism in these models by measuring the glucose consumption levels.The potential targets and related pathways were predicted by network pharmacology.Fluorescence quenching measurement was used to analyze the binding between the compounds and the predicted target.To investigate the binding mode,molecular docking was performed.Then,we performed membrane recruitment assays of the AKT pleckstrin homology(PH)domain with the help of the PH-GFP plasmid.AKT enzymatic activity was determined to compare the effects between the metabolites with their parent compounds.Finally,the downstream signaling pathway of AKT was investigated by Western blot analysis.Results:The results showed that CA4G and FA4G were more potent than their parent compounds in increasing glucose consumption.AKT was predicted to be the key target of CA4G and FA4G by network pharmacology analysis.The fluorescence quenching test confirmed the more potent binding to AKT of the two metabolites compared to their parent compounds.The molecular docking results indicated that the carbonyl group in the glucuronic acid structure of CA4G and FA4G might bind to the PH domain of AKT at the key Arg-25 site.CA4G and FA4G inhibited the translocation of the AKT PH domain to the membrane,while increasing the activity of AKT.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the metabolites could increase the phosphorylation of AKT and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3βin the AKT signaling pathway to increase glucose consumption.Conclusion:In conclusion,our results suggested that the metabolites of phenolic acids,which contain glucuronic acid,are the key active substances and that they activate AKT by targeting the PH domain,thus improving glucose metabolism.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870554 and 32071710).
文摘Herein,we introduced a nitrogen-alkali lignin-doped phenolic resin(N@AL_(n)PR)to produce palladium nanoparticles through an in situ reduction of palladium in an aqueous phase,without the need for additional reagents or a reducing atmosphere.The phenolic resin nanospheres and the resulting palladium nanoparticles were extensively characterized.Alkali lignin created a highly conducive environment for nitrogen incorporation,dispersion,reduction,and stabilization of palladium,leading to a distinct catalytic performance of palladium nanoparticles in vanillin hydrodeoxygenation.Under specific conditions of 1 mmol of vanillin,40 mg of catalyst,1 MPa H_(2),90°C,and 3 h,the optimized Pd/N@AL_(30)PR catalyst exhibited a nearly complete conversion of vanillin,98.9%selectivity toward p-creosol,and good stability for multiple reuses.Consequently,an environmentally friendly lignin-based catalyst was developed and used for the efficient hydrodeoxygenation conversion of lignin-based platform compounds.
