The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature...The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature.Plant secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against pathogens.However,only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary metabolites.In this study,we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu)and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu)rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast resistance.We found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling,based on the infected status of M.oryzae in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two varieties.Following metabolomic analysis,we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease control.Among these,apigenin-7-glucoside,rhamnetin,and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease,with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced efficacy.We discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in M.oryzae,primarily through disrupting cell membrane integrity.However,spireoside did not induce rice immunity.Furthermore,spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight disease.Thus,spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.展开更多
Cropland abandonment is prevalent throughout China,particularly in mountainous regions.However,the varying degrees of land marginalization and the specific factors influencing different types of cropland remain insuff...Cropland abandonment is prevalent throughout China,particularly in mountainous regions.However,the varying degrees of land marginalization and the specific factors influencing different types of cropland remain insufficiently understood.This knowledge gap hampers targeted management strategies for mitigating cropland abandonment in these areas.This study used spatial analysis,logistic regression,and random forest models to explore the spatial patterns and key drivers of abandonment across flatland,terrace,and slopeland in Chongyi county,a mountainous region in Jiangxi Province of South China,utilizing data from the 2009 and 2019 national land surveys of China.Results showed that the overall cropland abandonment rate in Chongyi county was 36.46%,with particularly high rates in core terrace conservation areas.Abandoned cropland was spatially clustered,predominantly in high-elevation regions.The abandonment rates were 9.71%for flatland,37.52%for terrace,and 43.02%for slopeland.Variations in vegetation cover on abandoned cropland suggest that abandonment started earlier on slopeland and later extended to terraces and flatlands.The factors driving the abandonment of flatland,terrace,and slopeland included land altitude,cultivation height difference,and distance to forest land,respectively.Consequently,the results recommend implementing land consolidation and developing small machinery projects for the fragmented flatland.Promoting the multifunctional use of terraces could realize their ecological value.Additionally,the Program of Converting Farmland to Forest should be implemented on the low-quality slopeland.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of Bailing capsule( 百令胶囊, BL) antiautoimmune thyroiditis(AIT). METHODS: Based on the AIT rat model, the effect of BL in alleviating AIT was evaluated ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of Bailing capsule( 百令胶囊, BL) antiautoimmune thyroiditis(AIT). METHODS: Based on the AIT rat model, the effect of BL in alleviating AIT was evaluated by detecting serum thyroid index free triiodothyronine(FT3), free thyroxine(FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), and inflammatory factors Interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), Interleukin-4,-10, and-12(IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12) as well as thyroid tissue Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and ultrastructure observation. The mechanism of BL was explored by combining transcriptome and proteome analysis, and further verified by Western blot(WB). RESULTS: BL effectively reduced serum FT3, FT4, TGAb, and TPOAb levels in AIT rats, restored TSH balance, inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, and significantly reduced IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-10, improved thyroid follicular structure, and protected thyroid tissue from injury. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and protein interaction network analysis showed that BL affected the expression of fatty acidbinding protein 4, acyl-Co A synthetase long-chain family member 1, and acyl-Co A dehydrogenase long chain to regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the fatty acid metabolism and the inflammatory state of AIT rats.CONCLUSIONS: BL could effectively reduce thyroid inflammation in AIT model rats. The possible BL mechanism was to regulate the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor signaling pathway and inhibit fatty acid metabolism. This study suggested that BL has the potential to be used in clinical treatment of AIT.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172419,32372555,32121003,32425005,32072407,and 32272033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1300702)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Grant Nos.2023NSFSC0005,2023NSFSC1996,2024NSFSC0322,2024YFNH0014,2022NSFSC1755,2022-NSFSC1650,2022NSFSC0156,and 2022NSFSC0166).
文摘The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature.Plant secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against pathogens.However,only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary metabolites.In this study,we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu)and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu)rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast resistance.We found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling,based on the infected status of M.oryzae in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two varieties.Following metabolomic analysis,we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease control.Among these,apigenin-7-glucoside,rhamnetin,and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease,with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced efficacy.We discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in M.oryzae,primarily through disrupting cell membrane integrity.However,spireoside did not induce rice immunity.Furthermore,spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight disease.Thus,spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42201232]the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.GJJ210539].
文摘Cropland abandonment is prevalent throughout China,particularly in mountainous regions.However,the varying degrees of land marginalization and the specific factors influencing different types of cropland remain insufficiently understood.This knowledge gap hampers targeted management strategies for mitigating cropland abandonment in these areas.This study used spatial analysis,logistic regression,and random forest models to explore the spatial patterns and key drivers of abandonment across flatland,terrace,and slopeland in Chongyi county,a mountainous region in Jiangxi Province of South China,utilizing data from the 2009 and 2019 national land surveys of China.Results showed that the overall cropland abandonment rate in Chongyi county was 36.46%,with particularly high rates in core terrace conservation areas.Abandoned cropland was spatially clustered,predominantly in high-elevation regions.The abandonment rates were 9.71%for flatland,37.52%for terrace,and 43.02%for slopeland.Variations in vegetation cover on abandoned cropland suggest that abandonment started earlier on slopeland and later extended to terraces and flatlands.The factors driving the abandonment of flatland,terrace,and slopeland included land altitude,cultivation height difference,and distance to forest land,respectively.Consequently,the results recommend implementing land consolidation and developing small machinery projects for the fragmented flatland.Promoting the multifunctional use of terraces could realize their ecological value.Additionally,the Program of Converting Farmland to Forest should be implemented on the low-quality slopeland.
基金Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Studies on the Antimalarial and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Artemisinin and the Expansion of New Indications (No. ZYYCXTD-C-202002)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of Bailing capsule( 百令胶囊, BL) antiautoimmune thyroiditis(AIT). METHODS: Based on the AIT rat model, the effect of BL in alleviating AIT was evaluated by detecting serum thyroid index free triiodothyronine(FT3), free thyroxine(FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), and inflammatory factors Interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), Interleukin-4,-10, and-12(IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12) as well as thyroid tissue Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and ultrastructure observation. The mechanism of BL was explored by combining transcriptome and proteome analysis, and further verified by Western blot(WB). RESULTS: BL effectively reduced serum FT3, FT4, TGAb, and TPOAb levels in AIT rats, restored TSH balance, inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, and significantly reduced IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-10, improved thyroid follicular structure, and protected thyroid tissue from injury. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and protein interaction network analysis showed that BL affected the expression of fatty acidbinding protein 4, acyl-Co A synthetase long-chain family member 1, and acyl-Co A dehydrogenase long chain to regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the fatty acid metabolism and the inflammatory state of AIT rats.CONCLUSIONS: BL could effectively reduce thyroid inflammation in AIT model rats. The possible BL mechanism was to regulate the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor signaling pathway and inhibit fatty acid metabolism. This study suggested that BL has the potential to be used in clinical treatment of AIT.
