The line width(often synonymously used for critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control CD values in manufacturing,a reasonable CD reference material is required to calibra...The line width(often synonymously used for critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control CD values in manufacturing,a reasonable CD reference material is required to calibrate the corresponding instruments.We develop a new reference material with nominal CDs of 160 nm,80 nm,and 40 nm.The line features are investigated based on the metrological scanning electron microscope which is developed by the National Institute of Metrology(NIM)in China.Also,we propose a new characterization method for the precise measurement of CD values.After filtering and leveling the intensity profiles,the line features are characterized by the combination model of the Gaussian and Lorentz functions.The left and right edges of CD are automatically extracted with the profile decomposition and k-means algorithm.Then the width of the two edges at the half intensity position is regarded as the standard CD value.Finally,the measurement results are evaluated in terms of the sample,instrument,algorithm,and repeatability.The experiments indicate efficiency of the proposed method which can be easily applied in practice to accurately characterize CDs.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic.Here,by centralizing published cell-based experiments,clinical trials,and vir...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic.Here,by centralizing published cell-based experiments,clinical trials,and virtual drug screening data from the NCBI PubMed database,we developed a database of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19,dbSCI,which includes 234 SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors collected from publications based on cell-based experiments,81 drugs of COVID-19 in clinical trials and 1305 potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from bioinformatics analyses.dbSCI provides four major functions:(1)search the drug target or its inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2,(2)browse target/inhibitor information collected from cell experiments,clinical trials,and virtual drug screenings,(3)download,and(4)submit data.Each entry in dbSCI contains 18 types of information,including inhibitor/drug name,targeting protein,mechanism of inhibition,experimental technique,experimental sample type,and reference information.In summary,dbSCI provides a relatively comprehensive,credible repository for inhibitors/drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential targeting mechanisms and it will be valuable for further studies to control COVID-19.展开更多
The vestibular system plays a pivotal role in maintaining body balance and postural stability[1].Its functional disruption can trigger a compensatory process termed vestibular compensation,which is fundamental to the ...The vestibular system plays a pivotal role in maintaining body balance and postural stability[1].Its functional disruption can trigger a compensatory process termed vestibular compensation,which is fundamental to the rehabilitation from various vestibular pathologies[2].This adaptive mechanism is characterized by a complex array of neural and molecular adjustments within the central nervous system[3-6].The medial vestibular nucleus(MVN)of the brainstem,is a crucial player in the vestibular compensation,acting as a central integrative hub that coordinates regulatory inputs from other brain regions involved in balance control[7].Understanding the mechanism of neurotransmissions to MVN is conducive to the development of new alternatives for the treatment of vestibular disorders.展开更多
Lipoprotein metabolism is markedly altered in chronic kidney disease(CKD).Studies on the association between nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)derived lipoprotein subfraction signature and mortality in CKD patients under...Lipoprotein metabolism is markedly altered in chronic kidney disease(CKD).Studies on the association between nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)derived lipoprotein subfraction signature and mortality in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis are limited.NMR based metabolomics was performed on the baseline plasma samples from 368 maintenance hemodialysis patients.Survival analyses were used to investigate the effect of lipoproteins on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality.Prediction models were further developed using stepwise regression combined cox proportional-hazards model.During the average follow-up of 45.1 months,we observed 144 all-cause deaths and 67 CVD deaths.After adjustment for 14 important covariates,we identified 18 and 35 lipoprotein parameters associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality,separately.Cholesterol in total low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and total high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)were correlated with neither all-cause death nor CVD death.For lipoprotein subfractions,triglyceride levels in large very-low density lipoprotein(VLDL)were positively correlated only with all-cause mortality.Lipids(triglyceride,cholesterol and phospholipid)in medium VLDL,cholesterol/total lipids in intermediate-density lipoprotein(IDL)and free cholesterol/total lipids in small high-density lipoprotein(HDL)were positively associated with both all-cause and CVD mortality.The addition of lipoprotein parameters to traditional risk factors significantly improved the mortality risk prediction:the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was improved from 0.811 to 0.842(p-value=0.020)for all-cause mortality and 0.806 to 0.854(p-value=0.005)for CVD mortality.Our results highlight the lipoprotein subfractions related to all-cause and CVD mortality of maintenance hemodialysis patients,and the lipoproteins-driven prediction models significantly outperform traditional risk factors.展开更多
Line width(i.e.,critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control the CD in manufacturing,a reasonable CD measurement algorithm is required.We develop an automatic and accurate ...Line width(i.e.,critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control the CD in manufacturing,a reasonable CD measurement algorithm is required.We develop an automatic and accurate method based on a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform for measuring the lattice spacings from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images.Through the two-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier transform of the central spot and a pair of symmetrical diffraction spots,an image containing only a set of lattice spacings is obtained.Then,the pixel span of the lattice spacing is calculated through the centre of gravity method.Finally,we estimate the standard CD value according to the half-intensity method.The silicon crystal lattice constant guarantees the accuracy and traceability of the CD value.Through experiments,we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method,which can be conveniently applied to accurately measure CDs in practical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFF0218403)the Basic Scientific Research Operating Fund of NIM(Grant No.AKYZD2007-1)。
文摘The line width(often synonymously used for critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control CD values in manufacturing,a reasonable CD reference material is required to calibrate the corresponding instruments.We develop a new reference material with nominal CDs of 160 nm,80 nm,and 40 nm.The line features are investigated based on the metrological scanning electron microscope which is developed by the National Institute of Metrology(NIM)in China.Also,we propose a new characterization method for the precise measurement of CD values.After filtering and leveling the intensity profiles,the line features are characterized by the combination model of the Gaussian and Lorentz functions.The left and right edges of CD are automatically extracted with the profile decomposition and k-means algorithm.Then the width of the two edges at the half intensity position is regarded as the standard CD value.Finally,the measurement results are evaluated in terms of the sample,instrument,algorithm,and repeatability.The experiments indicate efficiency of the proposed method which can be easily applied in practice to accurately characterize CDs.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Henan University(20221022009)the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(22A310012)+1 种基金supporting program for Central Plain Young Top Talents(ZYQR201912176)the program from Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies of Henan University(Y21008L).
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic.Here,by centralizing published cell-based experiments,clinical trials,and virtual drug screening data from the NCBI PubMed database,we developed a database of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19,dbSCI,which includes 234 SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors collected from publications based on cell-based experiments,81 drugs of COVID-19 in clinical trials and 1305 potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from bioinformatics analyses.dbSCI provides four major functions:(1)search the drug target or its inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2,(2)browse target/inhibitor information collected from cell experiments,clinical trials,and virtual drug screenings,(3)download,and(4)submit data.Each entry in dbSCI contains 18 types of information,including inhibitor/drug name,targeting protein,mechanism of inhibition,experimental technique,experimental sample type,and reference information.In summary,dbSCI provides a relatively comprehensive,credible repository for inhibitors/drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential targeting mechanisms and it will be valuable for further studies to control COVID-19.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2508002,2023YFC2508403 and 2023YFC2508401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371168 and 82171152)the Hubei Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023BCB027)。
文摘The vestibular system plays a pivotal role in maintaining body balance and postural stability[1].Its functional disruption can trigger a compensatory process termed vestibular compensation,which is fundamental to the rehabilitation from various vestibular pathologies[2].This adaptive mechanism is characterized by a complex array of neural and molecular adjustments within the central nervous system[3-6].The medial vestibular nucleus(MVN)of the brainstem,is a crucial player in the vestibular compensation,acting as a central integrative hub that coordinates regulatory inputs from other brain regions involved in balance control[7].Understanding the mechanism of neurotransmissions to MVN is conducive to the development of new alternatives for the treatment of vestibular disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170752)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202140272)+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3400700,2022YFA0806400,2020YFE0201600)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease(22MC1940100)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Lipoprotein metabolism is markedly altered in chronic kidney disease(CKD).Studies on the association between nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)derived lipoprotein subfraction signature and mortality in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis are limited.NMR based metabolomics was performed on the baseline plasma samples from 368 maintenance hemodialysis patients.Survival analyses were used to investigate the effect of lipoproteins on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality.Prediction models were further developed using stepwise regression combined cox proportional-hazards model.During the average follow-up of 45.1 months,we observed 144 all-cause deaths and 67 CVD deaths.After adjustment for 14 important covariates,we identified 18 and 35 lipoprotein parameters associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality,separately.Cholesterol in total low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and total high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)were correlated with neither all-cause death nor CVD death.For lipoprotein subfractions,triglyceride levels in large very-low density lipoprotein(VLDL)were positively correlated only with all-cause mortality.Lipids(triglyceride,cholesterol and phospholipid)in medium VLDL,cholesterol/total lipids in intermediate-density lipoprotein(IDL)and free cholesterol/total lipids in small high-density lipoprotein(HDL)were positively associated with both all-cause and CVD mortality.The addition of lipoprotein parameters to traditional risk factors significantly improved the mortality risk prediction:the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was improved from 0.811 to 0.842(p-value=0.020)for all-cause mortality and 0.806 to 0.854(p-value=0.005)for CVD mortality.Our results highlight the lipoprotein subfractions related to all-cause and CVD mortality of maintenance hemodialysis patients,and the lipoproteins-driven prediction models significantly outperform traditional risk factors.
基金supported by Basic Scientific Research Operating Fund of NIM(Grant No.AKYZD2007-1).
文摘Line width(i.e.,critical dimension,CD)is a crucial parameter in integrated circuits.To accurately control the CD in manufacturing,a reasonable CD measurement algorithm is required.We develop an automatic and accurate method based on a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform for measuring the lattice spacings from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images.Through the two-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier transform of the central spot and a pair of symmetrical diffraction spots,an image containing only a set of lattice spacings is obtained.Then,the pixel span of the lattice spacing is calculated through the centre of gravity method.Finally,we estimate the standard CD value according to the half-intensity method.The silicon crystal lattice constant guarantees the accuracy and traceability of the CD value.Through experiments,we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method,which can be conveniently applied to accurately measure CDs in practical applications.
