Objectives:Irinotecan(CPT-11)-induced delayed diarrhea is a major dose-limiting toxicity that restricts its clinical application.Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has shown potential in...Objectives:Irinotecan(CPT-11)-induced delayed diarrhea is a major dose-limiting toxicity that restricts its clinical application.Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has shown potential in alleviating CPT-11-induced intestinal injury,but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.This study aimed to systematically elucidate the protective effects and mechanisms of GQD against CPT-11 enterotoxicity.Methods:We integrated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS)for chemical profiling of GQD,along with network pharmacology,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation to identify key bioactive constituents and potential targets.Furthermore,a CPT-11-treated mouse model and Caco-2 cell monolayers were employed to evaluate the effects of GQD.Quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were applied to explore pathway alterations,and biochemical,histological,and functional analyses were conducted to assess inflammatory responses,oxidative stress,barrier integrity,and drug transporter activity.Results:A total of 65 compounds were identified in GQD,with 17 prioritized as putative bioactive constituents.Network analysis highlighted the IL-6/IL-22/STAT3 inflammatory axis and ABC transporter pathways as central mechanisms.In vivo,GQD administration ameliorated diarrhea,preserved colonic architecture and mucin production,reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress,and restored expression of tight-junction proteins.Multi-omics integration showed that GQD counteracted CPT-11-induced dysregulation in complement/coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways,while enriching ABC transporter-related functions.In Caco-2 monolayers,GQD promoted SN-38 efflux,upregulated MDR1 and MRP2 expression,and decreased intracellular SN-38 accumulation.Consistent with this,GQD enhanced colonic clearance of SN-38 in mice.Conclusions:GQD protects against CPT-11-induced enterotoxicity primarily through two mechanisms:suppressing the pro-inflammatory IL-6/IL-22/STAT3 signaling pathway and enhancing the epithelial efflux of SN-38 via upregulation of ABC transporters.These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the potential use of GQD as an adjuvant therapy to mitigate intestinal toxicity during irinotecan chemotherapy.展开更多
All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2...All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and uncontrolled crystallization kinetics in Sn-Pb perovskites,leading to nonradiative recombination and compositional heterogeneity to decrease photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability.Herein,we introduced an ionic liquid additive,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMIMI) into Sn-Pb perovskite precursor to form low-dimensional Sn-rich/pure-Sn perovskites at grain boundaries,which mitigates oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and regulates the film-forming dynamics of Sn/Pb-based perovskite films.The optimized single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite devices incorporating EMIMI achieved a high efficiency of 22.87%.Furthermore,combined with wide-bandgap perovskite sub-cells in tandem device,we demonstrate 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 28.34%,achieving improved operational stability.展开更多
Optical monitoring of object position and alignment with nanoscale precision is critical for ultra-precision measurement applications,such as micro/nano-fabrication,weak force sensing,and micro-scopic imaging.Traditio...Optical monitoring of object position and alignment with nanoscale precision is critical for ultra-precision measurement applications,such as micro/nano-fabrication,weak force sensing,and micro-scopic imaging.Traditional optical nanometry methods often rely on precision nanostructure fabrication,multi-beam interferometry,or complex post-processing algorithms,which can limit their practical use.In this study,we introduced a simplified and robust quantum measurement technique with an achievable resolution of 2.2 pm and an experimental demonstration of 1 nm resolution,distinguishing it from conventional interferometry,which depended on multiple reference beams.We designed a metasurface substrate with a mode-conversion function,in which an incident Gaussian beam is converted into higher-order transverse electromagnetic mode(TEM)modes.A theoretical analysis,including calculations of the Fisher information,demonstrated that the accuracy was maintained for nanoscale displacements.In conclusion,the study findings provide a new approach for precise alignment and metrology of nanofabrication and other advanced applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can c...BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can clearly demonstrate the 3D space of fractures and detect fractures at a higher rate.AIM To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly as well as the effect of less invasive stabilization.METHODS A total of 86 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated between March 2016 and March 2019 underwent femoral supracondylar bone traction before surgery.Pelvic radiography and multi-row spiral CT were performed successively once the patient’s vital signs and hemodynamic indices were stable.Secondary processing of the original data was performed to obtain 3D reconstruction images and determine the vertical displacement of the pelvis.After basic or complete reduction,minimally invasive internal fixation using hollow lag screws was performed.The detection rates of fracture location and classification by X-ray and CT reconstruction were compared.Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative 3D reconstruction to compare postoperative reduction,wound healing time,fracture healing time,hospitalization time,visual analog scale(VAS)score,poor internal fixation,and functional recovery.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rates of X-rays for pubic symphysis,ilium wing,sacroiliac periarticular,and sacral fractures were lower than those of CT reconstruction.The coincidence rate of CT reconstruction in the clinical classification of pelvic fractures was 100%,whereas 11 cases were misdiagnosed by X-ray;the total coincidence rate was 87.21%.The total excellent and good rates of postoperative reduction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The wound healing,fracture healing,and hospitalization times were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS scores decreased in both groups postoperatively and were lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total incidence of poor postoperative internal fixation was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The overall rate of postoperative functional recovery was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multi-slice spiral CT has high guiding significance for the diagnosis,classification,and treatment of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly.Preoperative 3D reconstruction can effectively shorten the operation time and promote fracture healing,while minimally invasive internal fixation can effectively reduce pain and promote functional recovery of fracture sites,making it worthy of clinical application.展开更多
Optical camouflage is a magical capability of animals as first noticed in 1794 by Erasmus Darwin in Zoonomia,but current biomimetic camouflage strategies cannot be readily applied in complex environments involving mul...Optical camouflage is a magical capability of animals as first noticed in 1794 by Erasmus Darwin in Zoonomia,but current biomimetic camouflage strategies cannot be readily applied in complex environments involving multispectral and in particular multi-polarization detection.Here we develop a plasmonic approach toward broadband infrared polarimetric crypsis,where the polarized thermal emission near the pseudo-Brewster angle is the main signal source and no existing polarizing camouflage technique has been discovered in nature.Based on all-metallic subwavelength structures,an electrodynamic resistance-reduction mechanism is proposed to avoid the significant polarization-dependent infrared absorption/radiation.It is also found that the structured metal surface presents giant extrinsic anisotropy regarding the phase shift between orthogonal polarization states,which helps to realize ultrahigh-efficiency and tunable polarization conversion in an unprecedented manner.Finally,we note that the catenary optical theory may provide a useful means to explain and predict these unusual performances.展开更多
Metalenses have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in optical systems for focusing and imaging,owing to their lightweight,high-integration,and exceptional-flexibility capabilities.Traditional d...Metalenses have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in optical systems for focusing and imaging,owing to their lightweight,high-integration,and exceptional-flexibility capabilities.Traditional design methods neglect the coupling effect between adjacent meta-atoms,thus harming the practical performance of meta-devices.The existing physical/data-driven optimization algorithms can solve the above problems,but bring significant time costs or require a large number of data-sets.Here,we propose a physics-data-driven method employing an“intelligent optimizer”that enables us to adaptively modify the sizes of the meta-atom according to the sizes of its surrounding ones.The implementation of such a scheme effectively mitigates the undesired impact of local lattice coupling,and the proposed network model works well on thousands of data-sets with a validation loss of 3×10^(−3).Based on the“intelligent optimizer”,a 1-cm-diameter metalens is designed within 3 hours,and the experimental results show that the 1-mm-diameter metalens has a relative focusing efficiency of 93.4%(compared to the ideal focusing efficiency)and a Strehl ratio of 0.94.Compared to previous inverse design method,our method significantly boosts designing efficiency with five orders of magnitude reduction in time.More generally,it may set a new paradigm for devising large-aperture meta-devices.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival(OS)of patients with acinar-predominant adenocarcinoma(APA).Methods Data from patients with APA obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiolo...Objective This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival(OS)of patients with acinar-predominant adenocarcinoma(APA).Methods Data from patients with APA obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database between 2008 and 2016 were used.Significant prognostic factors were incorporated to construct a nomogram for predicting the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS in these patients.The discrimination and calibration abilities of the nomogram were assessed using a C-index and calibration curves,respectively.Results A total of 2242 patients with APA were randomly divided into a training cohort(n=1576)and validation cohort(n=666).The independent prognostic factors for OS incorporated into the nomogram included marital status,age,gender,differentiation grade,T stage,N stage,and M stage.The nomogram showed good prediction capability,as indicated by the C-index[0.713,95%confidence interval(CI):0.705–0.721 in the training cohort,and 0.662,95%CI:0.649–0.775 in the validation cohort].The calibration curves demonstrated that the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS probabilities were consistent between the observed and predicted outcome frequencies.Patients were divided into the high-risk and low-risk groups with the former showing significantly worse survival than the latter(P<0.001).Conclusion Using the SEER database,a nomogram was established to predict the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS of patients with APA and was superior to the tumor size,lymph node,and metastasis staging system in terms of evaluating long-term prognosis.展开更多
Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex...Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex and needs to trade off other aberration in traditional ways.Although metasurface offers an effective method to overcome these limits and results in well-engineered dispersion,off-axis dispersion control is still a challenging topic.In this paper,we design a single-layer metalens which is capable of focusing at three wavelengths(473 nm,532 nm,and 632 nm)with different incident angles(0°,-17°and 17°)into the same point.We also demonstrate that this metalens can provide an alternative for the bulky color synthetic prism in a 3-chips digital micromirror device(DMD)laser projection system.Through this approach,various off-axis dispersion controlling optical devices could be realized.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Youth Program(No.82405145)the National Postdoctoral Researcher Support Program Category C(No.GZC20230335).
文摘Objectives:Irinotecan(CPT-11)-induced delayed diarrhea is a major dose-limiting toxicity that restricts its clinical application.Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has shown potential in alleviating CPT-11-induced intestinal injury,but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.This study aimed to systematically elucidate the protective effects and mechanisms of GQD against CPT-11 enterotoxicity.Methods:We integrated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS)for chemical profiling of GQD,along with network pharmacology,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation to identify key bioactive constituents and potential targets.Furthermore,a CPT-11-treated mouse model and Caco-2 cell monolayers were employed to evaluate the effects of GQD.Quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were applied to explore pathway alterations,and biochemical,histological,and functional analyses were conducted to assess inflammatory responses,oxidative stress,barrier integrity,and drug transporter activity.Results:A total of 65 compounds were identified in GQD,with 17 prioritized as putative bioactive constituents.Network analysis highlighted the IL-6/IL-22/STAT3 inflammatory axis and ABC transporter pathways as central mechanisms.In vivo,GQD administration ameliorated diarrhea,preserved colonic architecture and mucin production,reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress,and restored expression of tight-junction proteins.Multi-omics integration showed that GQD counteracted CPT-11-induced dysregulation in complement/coagulation cascades and metabolic pathways,while enriching ABC transporter-related functions.In Caco-2 monolayers,GQD promoted SN-38 efflux,upregulated MDR1 and MRP2 expression,and decreased intracellular SN-38 accumulation.Consistent with this,GQD enhanced colonic clearance of SN-38 in mice.Conclusions:GQD protects against CPT-11-induced enterotoxicity primarily through two mechanisms:suppressing the pro-inflammatory IL-6/IL-22/STAT3 signaling pathway and enhancing the epithelial efflux of SN-38 via upregulation of ABC transporters.These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the potential use of GQD as an adjuvant therapy to mitigate intestinal toxicity during irinotecan chemotherapy.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB420030)National Natural Science Foundation of China (2227903)+1 种基金Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory (OVL2021BG008)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies (FZ2021011)。
文摘All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and uncontrolled crystallization kinetics in Sn-Pb perovskites,leading to nonradiative recombination and compositional heterogeneity to decrease photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability.Herein,we introduced an ionic liquid additive,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMIMI) into Sn-Pb perovskite precursor to form low-dimensional Sn-rich/pure-Sn perovskites at grain boundaries,which mitigates oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and regulates the film-forming dynamics of Sn/Pb-based perovskite films.The optimized single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite devices incorporating EMIMI achieved a high efficiency of 22.87%.Furthermore,combined with wide-bandgap perovskite sub-cells in tandem device,we demonstrate 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 28.34%,achieving improved operational stability.
基金supported by the West Light Project,CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1401003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62222513,U24A6010,and U24A20317)the Sichuan Engineering Research Center of Digital Materials.
文摘Optical monitoring of object position and alignment with nanoscale precision is critical for ultra-precision measurement applications,such as micro/nano-fabrication,weak force sensing,and micro-scopic imaging.Traditional optical nanometry methods often rely on precision nanostructure fabrication,multi-beam interferometry,or complex post-processing algorithms,which can limit their practical use.In this study,we introduced a simplified and robust quantum measurement technique with an achievable resolution of 2.2 pm and an experimental demonstration of 1 nm resolution,distinguishing it from conventional interferometry,which depended on multiple reference beams.We designed a metasurface substrate with a mode-conversion function,in which an incident Gaussian beam is converted into higher-order transverse electromagnetic mode(TEM)modes.A theoretical analysis,including calculations of the Fisher information,demonstrated that the accuracy was maintained for nanoscale displacements.In conclusion,the study findings provide a new approach for precise alignment and metrology of nanofabrication and other advanced applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can clearly demonstrate the 3D space of fractures and detect fractures at a higher rate.AIM To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly as well as the effect of less invasive stabilization.METHODS A total of 86 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated between March 2016 and March 2019 underwent femoral supracondylar bone traction before surgery.Pelvic radiography and multi-row spiral CT were performed successively once the patient’s vital signs and hemodynamic indices were stable.Secondary processing of the original data was performed to obtain 3D reconstruction images and determine the vertical displacement of the pelvis.After basic or complete reduction,minimally invasive internal fixation using hollow lag screws was performed.The detection rates of fracture location and classification by X-ray and CT reconstruction were compared.Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative 3D reconstruction to compare postoperative reduction,wound healing time,fracture healing time,hospitalization time,visual analog scale(VAS)score,poor internal fixation,and functional recovery.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rates of X-rays for pubic symphysis,ilium wing,sacroiliac periarticular,and sacral fractures were lower than those of CT reconstruction.The coincidence rate of CT reconstruction in the clinical classification of pelvic fractures was 100%,whereas 11 cases were misdiagnosed by X-ray;the total coincidence rate was 87.21%.The total excellent and good rates of postoperative reduction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The wound healing,fracture healing,and hospitalization times were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS scores decreased in both groups postoperatively and were lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total incidence of poor postoperative internal fixation was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The overall rate of postoperative functional recovery was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multi-slice spiral CT has high guiding significance for the diagnosis,classification,and treatment of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly.Preoperative 3D reconstruction can effectively shorten the operation time and promote fracture healing,while minimally invasive internal fixation can effectively reduce pain and promote functional recovery of fracture sites,making it worthy of clinical application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under contact Nos.61622508,61622509,and 61675208.
文摘Optical camouflage is a magical capability of animals as first noticed in 1794 by Erasmus Darwin in Zoonomia,but current biomimetic camouflage strategies cannot be readily applied in complex environments involving multispectral and in particular multi-polarization detection.Here we develop a plasmonic approach toward broadband infrared polarimetric crypsis,where the polarized thermal emission near the pseudo-Brewster angle is the main signal source and no existing polarizing camouflage technique has been discovered in nature.Based on all-metallic subwavelength structures,an electrodynamic resistance-reduction mechanism is proposed to avoid the significant polarization-dependent infrared absorption/radiation.It is also found that the structured metal surface presents giant extrinsic anisotropy regarding the phase shift between orthogonal polarization states,which helps to realize ultrahigh-efficiency and tunable polarization conversion in an unprecedented manner.Finally,we note that the catenary optical theory may provide a useful means to explain and predict these unusual performances.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFA1401000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61975210,62175242 and 62305345)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020YFJ0001).
文摘Metalenses have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in optical systems for focusing and imaging,owing to their lightweight,high-integration,and exceptional-flexibility capabilities.Traditional design methods neglect the coupling effect between adjacent meta-atoms,thus harming the practical performance of meta-devices.The existing physical/data-driven optimization algorithms can solve the above problems,but bring significant time costs or require a large number of data-sets.Here,we propose a physics-data-driven method employing an“intelligent optimizer”that enables us to adaptively modify the sizes of the meta-atom according to the sizes of its surrounding ones.The implementation of such a scheme effectively mitigates the undesired impact of local lattice coupling,and the proposed network model works well on thousands of data-sets with a validation loss of 3×10^(−3).Based on the“intelligent optimizer”,a 1-cm-diameter metalens is designed within 3 hours,and the experimental results show that the 1-mm-diameter metalens has a relative focusing efficiency of 93.4%(compared to the ideal focusing efficiency)and a Strehl ratio of 0.94.Compared to previous inverse design method,our method significantly boosts designing efficiency with five orders of magnitude reduction in time.More generally,it may set a new paradigm for devising large-aperture meta-devices.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1303201).
文摘Objective This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival(OS)of patients with acinar-predominant adenocarcinoma(APA).Methods Data from patients with APA obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database between 2008 and 2016 were used.Significant prognostic factors were incorporated to construct a nomogram for predicting the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS in these patients.The discrimination and calibration abilities of the nomogram were assessed using a C-index and calibration curves,respectively.Results A total of 2242 patients with APA were randomly divided into a training cohort(n=1576)and validation cohort(n=666).The independent prognostic factors for OS incorporated into the nomogram included marital status,age,gender,differentiation grade,T stage,N stage,and M stage.The nomogram showed good prediction capability,as indicated by the C-index[0.713,95%confidence interval(CI):0.705–0.721 in the training cohort,and 0.662,95%CI:0.649–0.775 in the validation cohort].The calibration curves demonstrated that the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS probabilities were consistent between the observed and predicted outcome frequencies.Patients were divided into the high-risk and low-risk groups with the former showing significantly worse survival than the latter(P<0.001).Conclusion Using the SEER database,a nomogram was established to predict the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS of patients with APA and was superior to the tumor size,lymph node,and metastasis staging system in terms of evaluating long-term prognosis.
基金We acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contact Nos.61622508,61622509,and 61575201.
文摘Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex and needs to trade off other aberration in traditional ways.Although metasurface offers an effective method to overcome these limits and results in well-engineered dispersion,off-axis dispersion control is still a challenging topic.In this paper,we design a single-layer metalens which is capable of focusing at three wavelengths(473 nm,532 nm,and 632 nm)with different incident angles(0°,-17°and 17°)into the same point.We also demonstrate that this metalens can provide an alternative for the bulky color synthetic prism in a 3-chips digital micromirror device(DMD)laser projection system.Through this approach,various off-axis dispersion controlling optical devices could be realized.
