为了应对气候变化、资源短缺与环境污染问题,各国都在积极开发清洁能源,风能作为可再生的清洁能源,得到了世界各国的高度重视。在实现2030年碳排放达峰的目标约束下,近年来,中国风电规模也处于快速增长的阶段。风力发电过程虽然不会排...为了应对气候变化、资源短缺与环境污染问题,各国都在积极开发清洁能源,风能作为可再生的清洁能源,得到了世界各国的高度重视。在实现2030年碳排放达峰的目标约束下,近年来,中国风电规模也处于快速增长的阶段。风力发电过程虽然不会排放温室气体和污染物,但从产业的生命周期角度分析,在设备制造、运输、安装、运行、废弃等环节也会带来一定量的温室气体和污染物的排放,因此风力发电并不是零排放的能源。本文利用全生命周期评价方法对比研究了100 MW海上和陆上风电系统的全生命周期的排放情况,重点分析了不同功率风机的风电场的全生命周期温室气体排放情况,并分析了一般污染物对于环境的影响。研究结果表明:①海上风电场全生命周期温室气体排放量平均为1.49 g CO_(2)/kWh,陆上风电场平均排放量3.62 g CO_(2)/kWh,均远远小于传统火力发电,比较而言,在减少温室气体排放方面,海上风电系统更具优势;②在全生命周期污染物排放方面,海上风电场全生命周期污染物的排放量要小于陆上风电场,且具有更短的能源回报时间,经济效益更高,对环境更友好;③在全生命周期中,风机的生产过程所产生的温室气体排放占到总温室气体排放的40%以上,同时风机生产所排放的污染物对于环境的负面影响最大,约占整个生命周期影响的50%以上;④配备更大功率的风机将有助于减少温室气体和污染物的排放。研究结果可为减少环境污染、实现碳排放达峰目标提供参考依据。展开更多
This paper aims to explore the determinants of C〇2 emissions in Laos by accounting for the significant role played by foreign direct investment(FDI)in influencing C 02 emissions during the period 1990-2017.We apply a...This paper aims to explore the determinants of C〇2 emissions in Laos by accounting for the significant role played by foreign direct investment(FDI)in influencing C 02 emissions during the period 1990-2017.We apply a Johansen co-integration testing approach to investigate the presence of co-integration,and the empirical findings underscore the presence of a long-run co-integration relationship between CO2 emissions,FDI,per capita GDP,and industrial structure.We also employ an error-correcting model to examine the short-term dynamic effect of FDI on CO2 emissions.The empirical results show that FDI has a significant short-term dynamic effect on changes in CO2 emissions,indicating that the relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions is an inverted U-shaped curve.This is a validation of the EKC.Changes of FDI,per capita GDP,and industrial structure increase CO2 emissions.Based on the analysis results,this paper puts forward policy suggestions emphasizing the need for both Laotian policymakers and Chinese investors to improve eco-environmental quality.展开更多
In this paper,the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial functions were applied to analyze the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)of carbon emissions in Hebei Province.The improved STIRPAT model was also applied to as...In this paper,the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial functions were applied to analyze the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)of carbon emissions in Hebei Province.The improved STIRPAT model was also applied to assess the driving factors and reduction paths for carbon emissions in Hebei Province.The results lead to three main conclusions.Firstly,carbon emissions and economic growth in Hebei Province are in a positive correlation stage which has not formed the EKC curve,and the“decoupling”stage between carbon emissions and economic growth has not arrived yet.Secondly,the industrial structure,per capita GDP,fixed assets investment,population size and urbanization rate account for the highest proportion of carbon emissions.Carbon emissions can be reduced greatly by changing the energy structure,in which the proportion of coal is decreased year by year.Environmental regulation also has an obvious effect on the reduction of carbon emissions.Thirdly,it is suggested that the reduction of carbon emissions in Hebei Province should focus on four tasks:controlling the development of heavy industry,avoiding overcapacity,optimizing the industrial structure and accelerating the development of clean energy.展开更多
文摘为了应对气候变化、资源短缺与环境污染问题,各国都在积极开发清洁能源,风能作为可再生的清洁能源,得到了世界各国的高度重视。在实现2030年碳排放达峰的目标约束下,近年来,中国风电规模也处于快速增长的阶段。风力发电过程虽然不会排放温室气体和污染物,但从产业的生命周期角度分析,在设备制造、运输、安装、运行、废弃等环节也会带来一定量的温室气体和污染物的排放,因此风力发电并不是零排放的能源。本文利用全生命周期评价方法对比研究了100 MW海上和陆上风电系统的全生命周期的排放情况,重点分析了不同功率风机的风电场的全生命周期温室气体排放情况,并分析了一般污染物对于环境的影响。研究结果表明:①海上风电场全生命周期温室气体排放量平均为1.49 g CO_(2)/kWh,陆上风电场平均排放量3.62 g CO_(2)/kWh,均远远小于传统火力发电,比较而言,在减少温室气体排放方面,海上风电系统更具优势;②在全生命周期污染物排放方面,海上风电场全生命周期污染物的排放量要小于陆上风电场,且具有更短的能源回报时间,经济效益更高,对环境更友好;③在全生命周期中,风机的生产过程所产生的温室气体排放占到总温室气体排放的40%以上,同时风机生产所排放的污染物对于环境的负面影响最大,约占整个生命周期影响的50%以上;④配备更大功率的风机将有助于减少温室气体和污染物的排放。研究结果可为减少环境污染、实现碳排放达峰目标提供参考依据。
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(16ZDA041)
文摘This paper aims to explore the determinants of C〇2 emissions in Laos by accounting for the significant role played by foreign direct investment(FDI)in influencing C 02 emissions during the period 1990-2017.We apply a Johansen co-integration testing approach to investigate the presence of co-integration,and the empirical findings underscore the presence of a long-run co-integration relationship between CO2 emissions,FDI,per capita GDP,and industrial structure.We also employ an error-correcting model to examine the short-term dynamic effect of FDI on CO2 emissions.The empirical results show that FDI has a significant short-term dynamic effect on changes in CO2 emissions,indicating that the relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions is an inverted U-shaped curve.This is a validation of the EKC.Changes of FDI,per capita GDP,and industrial structure increase CO2 emissions.Based on the analysis results,this paper puts forward policy suggestions emphasizing the need for both Laotian policymakers and Chinese investors to improve eco-environmental quality.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(71991481,71991484,41971163)The Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(SQ2021081)The National key research and development program(2016YFA0602800)。
文摘In this paper,the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial functions were applied to analyze the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)of carbon emissions in Hebei Province.The improved STIRPAT model was also applied to assess the driving factors and reduction paths for carbon emissions in Hebei Province.The results lead to three main conclusions.Firstly,carbon emissions and economic growth in Hebei Province are in a positive correlation stage which has not formed the EKC curve,and the“decoupling”stage between carbon emissions and economic growth has not arrived yet.Secondly,the industrial structure,per capita GDP,fixed assets investment,population size and urbanization rate account for the highest proportion of carbon emissions.Carbon emissions can be reduced greatly by changing the energy structure,in which the proportion of coal is decreased year by year.Environmental regulation also has an obvious effect on the reduction of carbon emissions.Thirdly,it is suggested that the reduction of carbon emissions in Hebei Province should focus on four tasks:controlling the development of heavy industry,avoiding overcapacity,optimizing the industrial structure and accelerating the development of clean energy.
