Background:Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting females,with treatment options including surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and endocrine therapy.Methods:This review synthesizes existing literature on...Background:Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting females,with treatment options including surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and endocrine therapy.Methods:This review synthesizes existing literature on breast cancer stem cells and their applications in breast cancer treatment.PubMed,Web of Science,and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords such as“breast cancer stem cells,”“immunotherapy,”“gene therapy,”and“cell therapy.”Studies published in English were included,and their findings were analyzed to provide insights into the characteristics and therapeutic potential of breast cancer stem cells.Results:Breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique properties that contribute to tumor initiation,progression,recurrence,and therapy resistance.Immunotherapy targeting breast cancer stem cells shows promise in overcoming these challenges,but issues such as lack of specificity and drug resistance need to be addressed.Conclusions:Breast cancer stem cells represent promising targets for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at improving treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients.展开更多
This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track t...This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track the phase of BPSK signal in real time. Thus, the maximum date rate can be significantly extended to the half of the carrier frequency(f_(carrier)) with a very compact size compared to prior PLL-based BPSK demodulators. Furthermore, eliminating all the static power in our LPF-less PLL, the energy efficiency is obviously improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, our prototype occupies 0.0012-mm^(2)core active area, and achieves the maximum data rate of 6.78 Mb/s (f_(carrier)/2) at f_(carrier)of 13.56 MHz. The power consumption and energy efficiency is 4.47 μW and 0.66 pJ/bit at 6.78-Mb/s data rate, respectively.展开更多
Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to...Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.展开更多
Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the me...Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis.We randomly divided 54056-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups.The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein(HFLP)diet(CON).or HELP diets supplemented with 200,400,and 600 mg/kg of MAG(M1,M2,and M3,respectively)for 9 weeks.Results Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism,improving intestinal barrier function,and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles.Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees.The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation,as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes.Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota,especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus,Faecallbacterium,and Butyricicoccus.Moreover,non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites,which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota.The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and inte rleukin-6(IL-6)in the liver.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)experiments further con firmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.Conclusions Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism,improving the intestinal barrier function,and relieving hepatic nmation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk.These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-f...This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to prepare Panax japonicus tablets and carry out quality inspection.Panax japonicus tablets were prepared by ultrafine pulverization-wet granulation,and quality inspection was carried out...In the present study,we aimed to prepare Panax japonicus tablets and carry out quality inspection.Panax japonicus tablets were prepared by ultrafine pulverization-wet granulation,and quality inspection was carried out according to Pharmacopoeia regulations.The plasma concentration of animals with self-made Panax japonicus tablets or ginsenoside Rg3 in single-dose intragastric administration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated by DAS 2.0 software.The quality inspection of self-made Panax japonicus tablets met the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),and this preparation had high bioequivalence of ginsenoside Rg3.The preparation of Panax japonicus tablets was reasonable and highly qualified.Moreover,this new Panax japonicus preparation showed better profiles in oral absorption and utilization.This study provided evidence for the industrial production and clinical application of Panax japonicus tablets.展开更多
Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive man...Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations.This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment,including soil acidity,soil nutrition,and microbial community.The field experiment carried out four treatments:control(CK),hickory husk mulching(HM),hickory husk biochar(BC),and hickory husk organic fertilizer(OF).The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community.After one year of treatment,the results showed that:(i)HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units,respectively;(ii)HM,BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorous,and available potassium.The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient;(iii)The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM,BC and OF treatments,and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend.HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio(F/B).The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H’)and evenness index(J)of the microbial community(P<0.05).Considering the treatments effects,costs,and ease of operation,our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.展开更多
Mitophagy maintains tissue homeostasis by self-eliminating defective mitochondria through autophagy.How mitophagy regulates stem cell activity during hair regeneration remains unclear.Here,we found that mitophagy prom...Mitophagy maintains tissue homeostasis by self-eliminating defective mitochondria through autophagy.How mitophagy regulates stem cell activity during hair regeneration remains unclear.Here,we found that mitophagy promotes the proliferation of hair germ(HG)cells by regulating glutathione(GSH)metabolism.First,single-cell RNA sequencing,mitochondrial probe,transmission electron microscopy,and immunofluorescence staining showed stronger mitochondrial activity and increased mitophagy-related gene especially Prohibitin 2(Phb2)expression at early-anagen HG compared to the telogen HG.Mitochondrial inner membrane receptor protein PHB2 binds to LC3 to initiate mitophagy.Second,molecular docking and functional studies revealed that PHB2-LC3 activates mitophagy to eliminate the damaged mitochondria in HG.RNA-seq,single-cell metabolism,immunofluorescence staining,and functional validation discovered that LC3 promotes GSH metabolism to supply energy for promoting HG proliferation.Third,transcriptomics analysis and immunofluorescence staining indicated that mitophagy was down-regulated in the aged compared to young-mouse HG.Activating mitophagy and GSH pathways through small-molecule administration can reactivate HG cell proliferation followed by hair regeneration in aged hair follicles.Our findings open up a new avenue for exploring autophagy that promotes hair regeneration and emphasizes the role of the self-elimination effect of mitophagy in controlling the proliferation of HG cells by regulating GSH metabolism.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and...Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.展开更多
Natural gas is easily soluble in oil-based muds(OBM),leading to complex flow behavior in wellbores,especially in horizontal wells.In this study,a new transient flow model considering wellbore-formation coupling and ga...Natural gas is easily soluble in oil-based muds(OBM),leading to complex flow behavior in wellbores,especially in horizontal wells.In this study,a new transient flow model considering wellbore-formation coupling and gas solubility on flow behavior is developed to simulate gas kicks during horizontal drilling with OBM.Furthermore,the effect of gas solubility on parameters such as bottom-hole pressure(BHP),gas void fraction and mixture velocity in the flow behavior is analyzed.Finally,several critical factors affecting flow behavior are investigated and compared to gas kicks in water-based muds(WBM)where the effect of solubility is neglected.The results show that the invading gas exists as dissolved gas in the OBM and as free gas in the WBM.Before the gas escapes from the OBM,the pit gain is zero and there is barely any change in the BHP,annulus return flow rate and mixture velocity,which means that detecting gas kicks through these warning signs can be challenging until they get very close to the surface and develop rapidly.However,in WBM drilling,these parameters change quickly with the increasing gas kick time.Additionally,for both cases,the longer the horizontal length and the greater reservoir permeability,the greater the decrease in BHP,and the shorter the time for gas to migrate from the bottom-hole to the wellhead.A larger flow rate contributes to a greater initial BHP and a lesser BHP reduction.This research is of value in characterizing gas kick behavior and identifying novel ways for early gas kick detection during horizontal drilling with OBM.展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Province“333”Project(BRA2020380).
文摘Background:Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting females,with treatment options including surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and endocrine therapy.Methods:This review synthesizes existing literature on breast cancer stem cells and their applications in breast cancer treatment.PubMed,Web of Science,and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords such as“breast cancer stem cells,”“immunotherapy,”“gene therapy,”and“cell therapy.”Studies published in English were included,and their findings were analyzed to provide insights into the characteristics and therapeutic potential of breast cancer stem cells.Results:Breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique properties that contribute to tumor initiation,progression,recurrence,and therapy resistance.Immunotherapy targeting breast cancer stem cells shows promise in overcoming these challenges,but issues such as lack of specificity and drug resistance need to be addressed.Conclusions:Breast cancer stem cells represent promising targets for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at improving treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 62222409 and 62174153by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS, under grant ZDBS-LY-JSC008。
文摘This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)demodulator. The loop-filter-less(LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track the phase of BPSK signal in real time. Thus, the maximum date rate can be significantly extended to the half of the carrier frequency(f_(carrier)) with a very compact size compared to prior PLL-based BPSK demodulators. Furthermore, eliminating all the static power in our LPF-less PLL, the energy efficiency is obviously improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, our prototype occupies 0.0012-mm^(2)core active area, and achieves the maximum data rate of 6.78 Mb/s (f_(carrier)/2) at f_(carrier)of 13.56 MHz. The power consumption and energy efficiency is 4.47 μW and 0.66 pJ/bit at 6.78-Mb/s data rate, respectively.
基金financially supported by the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)Bureau of Science and Technology of Xinchang County Foundation.
文摘Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.
基金financially supported by the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)。
文摘Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis.We randomly divided 54056-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups.The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein(HFLP)diet(CON).or HELP diets supplemented with 200,400,and 600 mg/kg of MAG(M1,M2,and M3,respectively)for 9 weeks.Results Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism,improving intestinal barrier function,and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles.Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees.The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation,as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes.Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota,especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus,Faecallbacterium,and Butyricicoccus.Moreover,non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites,which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota.The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and inte rleukin-6(IL-6)in the liver.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)experiments further con firmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.Conclusions Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism,improving the intestinal barrier function,and relieving hepatic nmation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk.These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.
基金supported by the “Thirteenth Five Year” National Science and Technology Plan Project of China (2018YFC1603703,2018YFC1604302)National Natural Science Foundation of China (2013BAD18B03)+1 种基金Shenyang Technological Innovation Project (Y170-028)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Project (XLYC1902083)
文摘This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.
基金Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Yangzhou University(Grant No.XKYCX18_128)
文摘In the present study,we aimed to prepare Panax japonicus tablets and carry out quality inspection.Panax japonicus tablets were prepared by ultrafine pulverization-wet granulation,and quality inspection was carried out according to Pharmacopoeia regulations.The plasma concentration of animals with self-made Panax japonicus tablets or ginsenoside Rg3 in single-dose intragastric administration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated by DAS 2.0 software.The quality inspection of self-made Panax japonicus tablets met the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),and this preparation had high bioequivalence of ginsenoside Rg3.The preparation of Panax japonicus tablets was reasonable and highly qualified.Moreover,this new Panax japonicus preparation showed better profiles in oral absorption and utilization.This study provided evidence for the industrial production and clinical application of Panax japonicus tablets.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20C160003)the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110341063).
文摘Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations.This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment,including soil acidity,soil nutrition,and microbial community.The field experiment carried out four treatments:control(CK),hickory husk mulching(HM),hickory husk biochar(BC),and hickory husk organic fertilizer(OF).The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community.After one year of treatment,the results showed that:(i)HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units,respectively;(ii)HM,BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorous,and available potassium.The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient;(iii)The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM,BC and OF treatments,and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend.HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio(F/B).The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H’)and evenness index(J)of the microbial community(P<0.05).Considering the treatments effects,costs,and ease of operation,our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2508200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373509,82003384,and 82203960)+5 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CDJYGRH-003 and 2023CDJKYJH066)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023JXJL-YFX0028)Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project(cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0197)Inheritance and Innovation Team of TCM Treatment of Immune Diseases,Scientific Research Foundation from Chongqing University(02210011044110)Research Horizontal Projects of Chongqing University(H20231432 and H20230936),ChinaC.-M.C.is supported by a research contract(GR1035751)between USC and CMU and US NIH grant R37 AR060306.
文摘Mitophagy maintains tissue homeostasis by self-eliminating defective mitochondria through autophagy.How mitophagy regulates stem cell activity during hair regeneration remains unclear.Here,we found that mitophagy promotes the proliferation of hair germ(HG)cells by regulating glutathione(GSH)metabolism.First,single-cell RNA sequencing,mitochondrial probe,transmission electron microscopy,and immunofluorescence staining showed stronger mitochondrial activity and increased mitophagy-related gene especially Prohibitin 2(Phb2)expression at early-anagen HG compared to the telogen HG.Mitochondrial inner membrane receptor protein PHB2 binds to LC3 to initiate mitophagy.Second,molecular docking and functional studies revealed that PHB2-LC3 activates mitophagy to eliminate the damaged mitochondria in HG.RNA-seq,single-cell metabolism,immunofluorescence staining,and functional validation discovered that LC3 promotes GSH metabolism to supply energy for promoting HG proliferation.Third,transcriptomics analysis and immunofluorescence staining indicated that mitophagy was down-regulated in the aged compared to young-mouse HG.Activating mitophagy and GSH pathways through small-molecule administration can reactivate HG cell proliferation followed by hair regeneration in aged hair follicles.Our findings open up a new avenue for exploring autophagy that promotes hair regeneration and emphasizes the role of the self-elimination effect of mitophagy in controlling the proliferation of HG cells by regulating GSH metabolism.
基金supported financially by theCollaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023ZDXT15)the Public Welfare and Applied Research Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2024GZ39).
文摘Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Program of PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company (Grant No.20220302-21).
文摘Natural gas is easily soluble in oil-based muds(OBM),leading to complex flow behavior in wellbores,especially in horizontal wells.In this study,a new transient flow model considering wellbore-formation coupling and gas solubility on flow behavior is developed to simulate gas kicks during horizontal drilling with OBM.Furthermore,the effect of gas solubility on parameters such as bottom-hole pressure(BHP),gas void fraction and mixture velocity in the flow behavior is analyzed.Finally,several critical factors affecting flow behavior are investigated and compared to gas kicks in water-based muds(WBM)where the effect of solubility is neglected.The results show that the invading gas exists as dissolved gas in the OBM and as free gas in the WBM.Before the gas escapes from the OBM,the pit gain is zero and there is barely any change in the BHP,annulus return flow rate and mixture velocity,which means that detecting gas kicks through these warning signs can be challenging until they get very close to the surface and develop rapidly.However,in WBM drilling,these parameters change quickly with the increasing gas kick time.Additionally,for both cases,the longer the horizontal length and the greater reservoir permeability,the greater the decrease in BHP,and the shorter the time for gas to migrate from the bottom-hole to the wellhead.A larger flow rate contributes to a greater initial BHP and a lesser BHP reduction.This research is of value in characterizing gas kick behavior and identifying novel ways for early gas kick detection during horizontal drilling with OBM.
