Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”co...Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”compatibilities theory provides a systematic framework for drug compatibility and has guided the formation of a large number of classic formulas.However,due to the complex compositions and diverse mechanisms of action of TCM,it is difficult to comprehensively reveal its potential synergistic patterns using traditional methods.Synergistic prediction based on molecular compatibility theory provides new ideas for identifying combinations of active compounds in TCM.Compared to resource-intensive traditional experimental methods,artificial intelligence possesses the ability to mine synergistic patterns from multi-omics and structural data,providing an efficient means for modeling and optimizing TCM combinations.This paper systematically reviews the application progress of AI in the synergistic prediction of TCM active compounds and explores the challenges and prospects of its application in modeling combination relationships,thereby contributing to the modernization of TCM theory and methodological innovation.展开更多
Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021,this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole(SIOD)and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(EN...Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021,this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole(SIOD)and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)on summer precipitation in China.The inverse phase spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the southwest and northeast of the southern Indian Ocean is defined as the SIOD.Positive SIOD events(positive SSTAs in the southwest,negative SSTAs in the northeast)are associated with La Niña events(Central Pacific(CP)type),while negative SIOD events(negative SSTAs in the southwest,positive SSTAs in the northeast)are associated with El Niño events(Eastern Pacific(EP)type).Both SIOD and ENSO have certain impacts on summer precipitation in China.Precipitation in the Yangtze River basin decreases,while precipitation in southern China increases during pure positive SIOD(P_PSIOD)events.During pure negative SIOD(P_NSIOD)events,the changes in precipitation are exactly the opposite of those during P_PSIOD events,which may be due to differences in the cross-equatorial flow in the southern Indian Ocean,particularly in low-level Australian cross-equatorial flow.When positive SIOD and CP-type La Niña events occur simultaneously(PSIOD+La_Niña),precipitation increases in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin,while it decreases in northern China.When negative SIOD and EP-type El Niño events occur simultaneously(NSIOD+El_Niño),precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin is significantly lower than during P_NSIOD events.This is caused by differences in water vapor originating from the Pacific Ocean during different events.展开更多
1 Introduction Traditional industrial systems,where physical systems,i.e.,robots and machines,replaced manual labor mostly,are often known as human-physical system(HPS)[1].Cyber system,a major outcome of the digitaliz...1 Introduction Traditional industrial systems,where physical systems,i.e.,robots and machines,replaced manual labor mostly,are often known as human-physical system(HPS)[1].Cyber system,a major outcome of the digitalization revolution,is increasingly adopted in HPS and continuously evolving with the development of advanced manufacturing technologies,leading to the human-cyber-physical system(HCPS)[2].展开更多
Combining nanomaterials with complementary properties in a well-designed structure is an effective tactic to exploit multifunctional, high-performance materials for the energy conversion and storage. Nonprecious metal...Combining nanomaterials with complementary properties in a well-designed structure is an effective tactic to exploit multifunctional, high-performance materials for the energy conversion and storage. Nonprecious metal catalysts, such as cobalt oxide, with superior activity and excellent stability to other catalysts are widely desired. Nevertheless, the performance of CoO nanoparticles as an electrode material were significantly limit for its inferior conductivity, dissolution, and high cohesion. Herein, we grow ultrafine cobalt monoxide to decorate the interlayer and surface of the Ti3C2 Txnanosheets via a hydrothermal method companied by calcination. The layered MXenes act as the underlying conductive substrate,which not only increase the electron transfer rate at the interface but also greatly improve the electrochemical properties of the nanosized Co O particles by restricting the aggregation of CoO. The resulting CoO/Ti3C2 Txnanomaterial is applied as oxygen electrode for lithium-oxygen battery and achieves more than 160 cycles and first cycle capacity of 16,220 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1. This work paves a promising avenue for constructing a bi-functional catalyst by coupling the active component of a transition metal oxide(TMO) with the MXene materials in lithium-oxygen battery.展开更多
Pandemics like COVID-19 have created a spreading and ever-higher healthy threat to the humans in the manufacturing system which incurs severe disruptions and complex issues to industrial networks.The intelligent manuf...Pandemics like COVID-19 have created a spreading and ever-higher healthy threat to the humans in the manufacturing system which incurs severe disruptions and complex issues to industrial networks.The intelligent manufacturing(IM)systems are promising to create a safe working environment by using the automated manufacturing assets which are monitored by the networked sensors and controlled by the intelligent decision-making algorithms.The relief of the production disruption by IM technologies facilitates the reconnection of the good and service flows in the network,which mitigates the severity of industrial chain disruption.In this study,we create a novel intelligent manufacturing framework for the production recovery under the pandemic and build an assessment model to evaluate the impacts of the IM technologies on industrial networks.Considering the constraints of the IM resources,we formulate an optimization model to schedule the allocation of IM resources according to the mutual market demands and the severity of the pandemic.展开更多
CO_(2)capture with a low energy consumption is of important application significance for reducing CO_(2)emission.The phase-change absorbent developed in recent years shows its potential for low-energy CO_(2)capture.Th...CO_(2)capture with a low energy consumption is of important application significance for reducing CO_(2)emission.The phase-change absorbent developed in recent years shows its potential for low-energy CO_(2)capture.The unclear phase-splitting rule hinders the efficient development of CO_(2)phase-change absorbents.To predict phase-splitting behaviors of mono/poly-amine-organic solvent-water system with various concentrations,a quasi-activity coefficient was developed based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation and some Density function theory descriptors.Six models based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation were developed with different ion radius,descriptors or poly-amine-CO_(2)products.The phase-splitting boundary was drawn on the model with the best predictability.This quasi-activity coefficient would provide guidance for the phase-splitting systems development,especially for polyamines.展开更多
Ti3C2 belongs to MXenes family,which is a new two-dimensional material and has been applied in many fields.With simple method of hydrothermal and high temperature calcination,nano structured Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid was synt...Ti3C2 belongs to MXenes family,which is a new two-dimensional material and has been applied in many fields.With simple method of hydrothermal and high temperature calcination,nano structured Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid was synthesized.The stable layer structure of Ti3C2 MXene providing high surface area as well as excellent electronic conductivity are beneficial for deposition and decomposition of discharge product Li2O2.Furthermore,possessing special catalytic activity,Ni nanoparticles with size of about 20 nm could accelerate Li2O2 breaking down.Taking advantage of two kinds of materials,Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid as cathode of Li-O2 battery can achieve a maximal specific capacity of 20,264 mAh/g in 100 mA/g and 10,699 mAh/g in 500 mA/g at the first cycle.This work confirms that the prepared Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid exhibiting better cycling stability points out a new guideline to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen batteries.展开更多
In this paper, a dynamic generation scheduling model is formulated, aiming at minimizing the costs of power generation and taking into account the constraints of thermal power units and spinning reserve in wind power ...In this paper, a dynamic generation scheduling model is formulated, aiming at minimizing the costs of power generation and taking into account the constraints of thermal power units and spinning reserve in wind power integrated systems. A dynamic solving method blended with particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In this method, the solution space of the states of unit commitment is created and will be updated when the status of unit commitment changes in a period to meet the spinning reserve demand. The thermal unit operation constrains are inspected in adjacent time intervals to ensure all the states in the solution space effective. The particle swarm algorithm is applied in the procedure to optimize the load distribution of each unit commitment state. A case study in a simulation system is finally given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this dynamic optimization algorithm.展开更多
1 Introduction Global climate change has grown into one of the major concerns in global industrialization and economic development.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),one of the six Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases(GHGs),is the mos...1 Introduction Global climate change has grown into one of the major concerns in global industrialization and economic development.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),one of the six Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases(GHGs),is the most difficult to contain due to its closeness with energy generation and consumption^([1]).With an earlier awareness of climate change,developed countries tended to displace the resource-and energy-intensive industries to other countries,thus emissions have not been reduced but relocated^([2]),which can be further magnified if production shifts to countries using carbon-intensive energy or low-energyefficient technologies.Developing countries are responsible for 63%of GHGs emissions and get hit the hardest,i.e.,78%of the cost of climate change,and predicted to rise to 87%by 2035^([3]).展开更多
With the development of the third generation of semiconductor devices,it is essential to achieve precise etching of gallium nitride(GaN)materials that is close to the atomic level.Compared with the traditional wet etc...With the development of the third generation of semiconductor devices,it is essential to achieve precise etching of gallium nitride(GaN)materials that is close to the atomic level.Compared with the traditional wet etching and continuous plasma etching,plasma atomic layer etching(ALE)of GaN has the advantages of self-limiting etching,high selectivity to other materials,and smooth etched surface.In this paper the basic properties and applications of GaN are presented.It also presents the various etching methods of GaN.GaN plasma ALE systems are reviewed,and their similarities and differences are compared.In addition,the industrial application of GaN plasma ALE is outlined.展开更多
The inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) deposited silicon nitride(SiN_(x)) thin film was evaluated for its application as the electrical insulating film for a capacitor device.In order to ach...The inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) deposited silicon nitride(SiN_(x)) thin film was evaluated for its application as the electrical insulating film for a capacitor device.In order to achieve highest possible dielectric strength of SiN_(x),the process parameters of ICP-CVD were carefully tuned to control hydrogen in SiN_(x) films by means of tuning N_(2)/SiH_(4) ratio and radio frequency(RF) power.Besides electrical measurements,the hydrogen content in the films was measured by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry(D-SIMS).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and micro Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the SiN_(x) films by measuring Si-H and N-H bonds’ intensities.It was found that the more Si-H bonds lead to the higher dielectric strength.展开更多
The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained some errors.(1)In the original edition of Fig.5(b),the black and red chargedischarge curves represent the opposite current density.The red and...The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained some errors.(1)In the original edition of Fig.5(b),the black and red chargedischarge curves represent the opposite current density.The red and black curve should represent the charge-discharge profiles at current densities of 100 and 500 mA g-1,respectively.展开更多
Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emiss...Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emissions from flooding to drying after organic fertilizer replacing for chemical fertilizer remain unclear.Here,a long-term experiment was conducted with four treatments:chemical fertilization only(control),organic fertilizer substituting 25%of chemical N fertilizer(NM1),50%of chemical N fertilizer(NM2),and NM2combined with crop straw(NMS).GHG emissions were monitored,and soil samples were collected to determine labile SOC fractions and microorganisms.Results revealed the GHG emissions in the NM2 significantly increased by 196.88%from flooding to drying,mainly due to the higher CO_(2) emissions.The GHG emissions per kg of C input in NMS was the lowest with the value of 9.17.From flooding to drying,organic fertilizer application significantly increased the readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)contents and C lability;the NM2 and NMS dramatically increased the SOC and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon(NROC).The bacterial communities showed significant differences among different treatments in the flooding,while the significant difference was only found between the NMS and other treatments in the drying.From flooding to drying,changing soil moisture conditions causes C fractions and microbial communities to jointly affect carbon emissions,and the NMS promoted carbon sequestration and mitigated GHG emissions.Our findings highlight the importance of the labile SOC fractions and microorganisms linked to GHG emissions in paddy fields.展开更多
The automatic diagnosis of depression plays a crucial role in preventing the deterioration of depression symptoms.The interview-based method is the most wildly adopted technique in depression diagnosis.However,the siz...The automatic diagnosis of depression plays a crucial role in preventing the deterioration of depression symptoms.The interview-based method is the most wildly adopted technique in depression diagnosis.However,the size of the collected conversation data is limited,and the sample distributions from different participants usually differ drastically.These factors present a great challenge in building a decent deep learning model for automatic depression diagnosis.Recently,large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities and achieved human-level performance in various tasks under zero-shot and few-shot scenarios.This sheds new light on the development of AI solutions for domainspecific tasks with limited data.In this paper,we propose a two-stage approach that exploits the current most capable and cost-effective language model,ChatGPT,to make a depression diagnosis on interview-based data.Specifically,in the first stage,we use ChatGPT to summarize the raw dialogue sample,thereby facilitating the extraction of depression-related information.In the second stage,we use ChatGPT to classify the summarised data to predict the depressed state of the sample.Our method can achieve approximately 76%accuracy with a text-only modality on the DAIC-WOZ dataset.In addition,our method outperforms the performance of the state-of-the-art model by 6.2%in the D4 dataset.Our work highlights the potential of using large language models for diagnosis-based depression diagnosis.展开更多
Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we gen...Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we generated a green fluorescent protein(GFP)-tagged Fob strain to track infection dynamics in sweet potato susceptible cultivar Xinzhonghua and resistant cultivar Xiangshu75-55,respectively.Through cytological observation,we found in the susceptible Xinzhonghua,Fob predominantly colonized stem villi,injured root growth points,and directly invaded vascular bundles through stemwounds.Spore germination peaked at 2-3 h post-inoculation(hpi),followed by cyclical mycelial expansion and sporulation within vascular tissues with sustaining infection.In contrast,the resistant Xiangshu75-55 exhibited strong suppression of Fob:spores rarely germinated in vascular bundles or on trichomes by 3 hpi,and mature hyphae were absent in stems at 24 hpi.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)confirmed significantly higher Fob biomass in Xinzhonghua than in Xiangshu75-55 by 16 hpi.Additionally,transcriptional profiling revealed distinct pathogen-host interactions during the compatible and incompatible reactions.In Xinzhonghua,Fob virulence genes FobPGX1,FobICL1,FobCTF2,FobFUB5 and FobFUB6 were upregulated within 16 hpi.Conversely,host defense genes IbMAPKK9,IbWRKY61,IbWRKY75,IbSWEET10,IbBBX24 and IbPIF4 were activated in Xiangshu75-55 during the same period.This study provides spatiotemporal cytological and molecular insights into Fob pathogenicity and host resistance,offering a foundation for early disease detection and improved Fusarium wilt management in sweet potato.展开更多
Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the productio...Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the production of the majority of these existing UV PDs necessitates additional manufacturing stages or intricate processes.In this work,we present a facile,cost-effective approach for the fabrication of a self-powered UV PD based on p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction.The self-powered device was achieved simply by integrating a p-Si substrate with a n-type SnO_(2)microbelt,which was synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.The high-quality feature,coupled with the belt-like shape of the SnO_(2)microbelt enables the favorable contact between the n-type SnO_(2)and p-type silicon.The built-in electric field created at the interface endows the self-powered performance of the device.The p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction photodetector demonstrated a high responsivity(0.12 mA/W),high light/dark current ratio(>103),and rapid response speed at zero bias.This method offers a practical way to develop cost-effective and high-performance self-powered UV PDs.展开更多
Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone miner...Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone mineral density,which is not able to unveil the pathological condition from the mesoscale aspect.To obtain mesoscale information from computed tomography(CT),the super-resolution(SR)approach for volumetric imaging data is required.A deep learning model AESR3D is proposed to recover high-resolution(HR)Micro-CT from low-resolution Micro-CT and implement an unsupervised segmentation for better trabecular observation and measurement.A new regularisation overcomplete autoencoder framework for the SR task is proposed and theoretically analysed.The best performance is achieved on structural similarity measure of trabecular CT SR task compared with the state-of-the-art models in both natural and medical image SR tasks.The HR and SR images show a high correlation(r=0.996,intraclass correlation coefficients=0.917)on trabecular bone morphological indicators.The results also prove the effectiveness of our regularisation framework when training a large capacity model.展开更多
Six-membered and seven-membered carbocycles are prevalent in nature due to their low ring strain and structural stability.In this work,we introduce a novel photocatalytic skeletal editing strategy for Dowd-Beckwith ri...Six-membered and seven-membered carbocycles are prevalent in nature due to their low ring strain and structural stability.In this work,we introduce a novel photocatalytic skeletal editing strategy for Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion acylation,leveraging tetrabutylammonium decatungstate(TBADT)as a hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)photocatalyst.This innovative approach enables the efficient synthesis of a diverse range of six-and seven-membered cyclic ketones under mild conditions,offering key advantages including environmental sustainability,high atom and step economy,good functional group tolerance,and the potential for extensive downstream functionalization.The versatility of this strategy is further demonstrated by its successful application in the post-synthetic modification of complex pharmaceutical intermediates and its scalability via continuous-flow technology,underscoring its broad utility in synthetic chemistry and pharmaceutical development.展开更多
Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD an...Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3506900)Science and Technology Program of Tianjin(No.24ZXZSSS00460)Special Project for Technological Innovation in New Productive Forces of Modern Chinese Medicines(No.24ZXZKSY00010)。
文摘Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”compatibilities theory provides a systematic framework for drug compatibility and has guided the formation of a large number of classic formulas.However,due to the complex compositions and diverse mechanisms of action of TCM,it is difficult to comprehensively reveal its potential synergistic patterns using traditional methods.Synergistic prediction based on molecular compatibility theory provides new ideas for identifying combinations of active compounds in TCM.Compared to resource-intensive traditional experimental methods,artificial intelligence possesses the ability to mine synergistic patterns from multi-omics and structural data,providing an efficient means for modeling and optimizing TCM combinations.This paper systematically reviews the application progress of AI in the synergistic prediction of TCM active compounds and explores the challenges and prospects of its application in modeling combination relationships,thereby contributing to the modernization of TCM theory and methodological innovation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41975087,U2242212,and 41975085]supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2242212]。
文摘Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021,this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole(SIOD)and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)on summer precipitation in China.The inverse phase spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the southwest and northeast of the southern Indian Ocean is defined as the SIOD.Positive SIOD events(positive SSTAs in the southwest,negative SSTAs in the northeast)are associated with La Niña events(Central Pacific(CP)type),while negative SIOD events(negative SSTAs in the southwest,positive SSTAs in the northeast)are associated with El Niño events(Eastern Pacific(EP)type).Both SIOD and ENSO have certain impacts on summer precipitation in China.Precipitation in the Yangtze River basin decreases,while precipitation in southern China increases during pure positive SIOD(P_PSIOD)events.During pure negative SIOD(P_NSIOD)events,the changes in precipitation are exactly the opposite of those during P_PSIOD events,which may be due to differences in the cross-equatorial flow in the southern Indian Ocean,particularly in low-level Australian cross-equatorial flow.When positive SIOD and CP-type La Niña events occur simultaneously(PSIOD+La_Niña),precipitation increases in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin,while it decreases in northern China.When negative SIOD and EP-type El Niño events occur simultaneously(NSIOD+El_Niño),precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin is significantly lower than during P_NSIOD events.This is caused by differences in water vapor originating from the Pacific Ocean during different events.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51975513,51890884)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR20E050003)Major Research Plan of Ningbo Innovation 2025(Grant No.2020Z022)。
文摘1 Introduction Traditional industrial systems,where physical systems,i.e.,robots and machines,replaced manual labor mostly,are often known as human-physical system(HPS)[1].Cyber system,a major outcome of the digitalization revolution,is increasingly adopted in HPS and continuously evolving with the development of advanced manufacturing technologies,leading to the human-cyber-physical system(HCPS)[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grants:21871028,21771024)。
文摘Combining nanomaterials with complementary properties in a well-designed structure is an effective tactic to exploit multifunctional, high-performance materials for the energy conversion and storage. Nonprecious metal catalysts, such as cobalt oxide, with superior activity and excellent stability to other catalysts are widely desired. Nevertheless, the performance of CoO nanoparticles as an electrode material were significantly limit for its inferior conductivity, dissolution, and high cohesion. Herein, we grow ultrafine cobalt monoxide to decorate the interlayer and surface of the Ti3C2 Txnanosheets via a hydrothermal method companied by calcination. The layered MXenes act as the underlying conductive substrate,which not only increase the electron transfer rate at the interface but also greatly improve the electrochemical properties of the nanosized Co O particles by restricting the aggregation of CoO. The resulting CoO/Ti3C2 Txnanomaterial is applied as oxygen electrode for lithium-oxygen battery and achieves more than 160 cycles and first cycle capacity of 16,220 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1. This work paves a promising avenue for constructing a bi-functional catalyst by coupling the active component of a transition metal oxide(TMO) with the MXene materials in lithium-oxygen battery.
基金the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(20180025).
文摘Pandemics like COVID-19 have created a spreading and ever-higher healthy threat to the humans in the manufacturing system which incurs severe disruptions and complex issues to industrial networks.The intelligent manufacturing(IM)systems are promising to create a safe working environment by using the automated manufacturing assets which are monitored by the networked sensors and controlled by the intelligent decision-making algorithms.The relief of the production disruption by IM technologies facilitates the reconnection of the good and service flows in the network,which mitigates the severity of industrial chain disruption.In this study,we create a novel intelligent manufacturing framework for the production recovery under the pandemic and build an assessment model to evaluate the impacts of the IM technologies on industrial networks.Considering the constraints of the IM resources,we formulate an optimization model to schedule the allocation of IM resources according to the mutual market demands and the severity of the pandemic.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878190)China Petrochemical Corporation(419033-1)the Engineering Experimental Teaching Center,School of Chemical Engineering,Sichuan University for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR,JNM-ECZ400S/L1,JEOL Ltd.)support and the compute server support。
文摘CO_(2)capture with a low energy consumption is of important application significance for reducing CO_(2)emission.The phase-change absorbent developed in recent years shows its potential for low-energy CO_(2)capture.The unclear phase-splitting rule hinders the efficient development of CO_(2)phase-change absorbents.To predict phase-splitting behaviors of mono/poly-amine-organic solvent-water system with various concentrations,a quasi-activity coefficient was developed based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation and some Density function theory descriptors.Six models based on Debye&Mc Aulay equation were developed with different ion radius,descriptors or poly-amine-CO_(2)products.The phase-splitting boundary was drawn on the model with the best predictability.This quasi-activity coefficient would provide guidance for the phase-splitting systems development,especially for polyamines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.21871028,21471020 and 21771024)。
文摘Ti3C2 belongs to MXenes family,which is a new two-dimensional material and has been applied in many fields.With simple method of hydrothermal and high temperature calcination,nano structured Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid was synthesized.The stable layer structure of Ti3C2 MXene providing high surface area as well as excellent electronic conductivity are beneficial for deposition and decomposition of discharge product Li2O2.Furthermore,possessing special catalytic activity,Ni nanoparticles with size of about 20 nm could accelerate Li2O2 breaking down.Taking advantage of two kinds of materials,Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid as cathode of Li-O2 battery can achieve a maximal specific capacity of 20,264 mAh/g in 100 mA/g and 10,699 mAh/g in 500 mA/g at the first cycle.This work confirms that the prepared Ni/Ti3C2Tx hybrid exhibiting better cycling stability points out a new guideline to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen batteries.
文摘In this paper, a dynamic generation scheduling model is formulated, aiming at minimizing the costs of power generation and taking into account the constraints of thermal power units and spinning reserve in wind power integrated systems. A dynamic solving method blended with particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In this method, the solution space of the states of unit commitment is created and will be updated when the status of unit commitment changes in a period to meet the spinning reserve demand. The thermal unit operation constrains are inspected in adjacent time intervals to ensure all the states in the solution space effective. The particle swarm algorithm is applied in the procedure to optimize the load distribution of each unit commitment state. A case study in a simulation system is finally given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this dynamic optimization algorithm.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY19E050019)Zhejiang Provincial Soft Science Research Project(Grant No.2022C35040)Zhejiang University“Hundreds of Talents”Program(Grant No.0020886).
文摘1 Introduction Global climate change has grown into one of the major concerns in global industrialization and economic development.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),one of the six Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases(GHGs),is the most difficult to contain due to its closeness with energy generation and consumption^([1]).With an earlier awareness of climate change,developed countries tended to displace the resource-and energy-intensive industries to other countries,thus emissions have not been reduced but relocated^([2]),which can be further magnified if production shifts to countries using carbon-intensive energy or low-energyefficient technologies.Developing countries are responsible for 63%of GHGs emissions and get hit the hardest,i.e.,78%of the cost of climate change,and predicted to rise to 87%by 2035^([3]).
基金This work was supported by the Key Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.SQ2020YFF0407077)the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BY2020462)+1 种基金the National Foreign Experts Bureau High-end Foreign Experts Project(Grant No.G20190114003)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2021XKT1206).
文摘With the development of the third generation of semiconductor devices,it is essential to achieve precise etching of gallium nitride(GaN)materials that is close to the atomic level.Compared with the traditional wet etching and continuous plasma etching,plasma atomic layer etching(ALE)of GaN has the advantages of self-limiting etching,high selectivity to other materials,and smooth etched surface.In this paper the basic properties and applications of GaN are presented.It also presents the various etching methods of GaN.GaN plasma ALE systems are reviewed,and their similarities and differences are compared.In addition,the industrial application of GaN plasma ALE is outlined.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.19KJD140002 and 19KJB140008)the Key Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.SQ2020YFF0407077)+3 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.2020XKT786 and KYCX202337)the National Foreign Experts Bureau High-end Foreign Experts Project,China(Grant No.G20190114003)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2018063)the Scientific Research Program for Doctoral Teachers of JSNU(Grant No.9212218113)。
文摘The inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) deposited silicon nitride(SiN_(x)) thin film was evaluated for its application as the electrical insulating film for a capacitor device.In order to achieve highest possible dielectric strength of SiN_(x),the process parameters of ICP-CVD were carefully tuned to control hydrogen in SiN_(x) films by means of tuning N_(2)/SiH_(4) ratio and radio frequency(RF) power.Besides electrical measurements,the hydrogen content in the films was measured by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry(D-SIMS).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and micro Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the SiN_(x) films by measuring Si-H and N-H bonds’ intensities.It was found that the more Si-H bonds lead to the higher dielectric strength.
文摘The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained some errors.(1)In the original edition of Fig.5(b),the black and red chargedischarge curves represent the opposite current density.The red and black curve should represent the charge-discharge profiles at current densities of 100 and 500 mA g-1,respectively.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107247)the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2022YFD1901605)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2025YFHZ0142 and 2024NSFSC0800)the Tobacco Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.SCYC202407)。
文摘Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emissions from flooding to drying after organic fertilizer replacing for chemical fertilizer remain unclear.Here,a long-term experiment was conducted with four treatments:chemical fertilization only(control),organic fertilizer substituting 25%of chemical N fertilizer(NM1),50%of chemical N fertilizer(NM2),and NM2combined with crop straw(NMS).GHG emissions were monitored,and soil samples were collected to determine labile SOC fractions and microorganisms.Results revealed the GHG emissions in the NM2 significantly increased by 196.88%from flooding to drying,mainly due to the higher CO_(2) emissions.The GHG emissions per kg of C input in NMS was the lowest with the value of 9.17.From flooding to drying,organic fertilizer application significantly increased the readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)contents and C lability;the NM2 and NMS dramatically increased the SOC and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon(NROC).The bacterial communities showed significant differences among different treatments in the flooding,while the significant difference was only found between the NMS and other treatments in the drying.From flooding to drying,changing soil moisture conditions causes C fractions and microbial communities to jointly affect carbon emissions,and the NMS promoted carbon sequestration and mitigated GHG emissions.Our findings highlight the importance of the labile SOC fractions and microorganisms linked to GHG emissions in paddy fields.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Project of China(2021ZD0202600).
文摘The automatic diagnosis of depression plays a crucial role in preventing the deterioration of depression symptoms.The interview-based method is the most wildly adopted technique in depression diagnosis.However,the size of the collected conversation data is limited,and the sample distributions from different participants usually differ drastically.These factors present a great challenge in building a decent deep learning model for automatic depression diagnosis.Recently,large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities and achieved human-level performance in various tasks under zero-shot and few-shot scenarios.This sheds new light on the development of AI solutions for domainspecific tasks with limited data.In this paper,we propose a two-stage approach that exploits the current most capable and cost-effective language model,ChatGPT,to make a depression diagnosis on interview-based data.Specifically,in the first stage,we use ChatGPT to summarize the raw dialogue sample,thereby facilitating the extraction of depression-related information.In the second stage,we use ChatGPT to classify the summarised data to predict the depressed state of the sample.Our method can achieve approximately 76%accuracy with a text-only modality on the DAIC-WOZ dataset.In addition,our method outperforms the performance of the state-of-the-art model by 6.2%in the D4 dataset.Our work highlights the potential of using large language models for diagnosis-based depression diagnosis.
基金supported by the following grants,Earmarked fund for CARS-10-Sweet potato,High-quality development of agriculture“5511”collaborative innovation project(XTCXGC2021005)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province(2021J01495)+1 种基金Basic Scientific Research Special Project for Fujian Provincial Public Research Institutes(2021R1031008)Science and Technology Innovation Team of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXTD2021012-1).
文摘Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.batatas(Fob)is a devastating disease threatening global sweet potato production.To elucidate Fob’s pathogenicitymechanisms and informeffective control strategies,we generated a green fluorescent protein(GFP)-tagged Fob strain to track infection dynamics in sweet potato susceptible cultivar Xinzhonghua and resistant cultivar Xiangshu75-55,respectively.Through cytological observation,we found in the susceptible Xinzhonghua,Fob predominantly colonized stem villi,injured root growth points,and directly invaded vascular bundles through stemwounds.Spore germination peaked at 2-3 h post-inoculation(hpi),followed by cyclical mycelial expansion and sporulation within vascular tissues with sustaining infection.In contrast,the resistant Xiangshu75-55 exhibited strong suppression of Fob:spores rarely germinated in vascular bundles or on trichomes by 3 hpi,and mature hyphae were absent in stems at 24 hpi.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)confirmed significantly higher Fob biomass in Xinzhonghua than in Xiangshu75-55 by 16 hpi.Additionally,transcriptional profiling revealed distinct pathogen-host interactions during the compatible and incompatible reactions.In Xinzhonghua,Fob virulence genes FobPGX1,FobICL1,FobCTF2,FobFUB5 and FobFUB6 were upregulated within 16 hpi.Conversely,host defense genes IbMAPKK9,IbWRKY61,IbWRKY75,IbSWEET10,IbBBX24 and IbPIF4 were activated in Xiangshu75-55 during the same period.This study provides spatiotemporal cytological and molecular insights into Fob pathogenicity and host resistance,offering a foundation for early disease detection and improved Fusarium wilt management in sweet potato.
基金support for this research was provided by the High-Level Scientific Research Cultivation Project at Hubei Minzu University,with the grant identifier PY22001the Guiding Projects from the Department of Education in Hubei Province,identified by the grant number B2018088.
文摘Recently,self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UV PDs)based on SnO_(2)have gained increasing interest due to its feature of working continuously without the need for external power sources.Nevertheless,the production of the majority of these existing UV PDs necessitates additional manufacturing stages or intricate processes.In this work,we present a facile,cost-effective approach for the fabrication of a self-powered UV PD based on p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction.The self-powered device was achieved simply by integrating a p-Si substrate with a n-type SnO_(2)microbelt,which was synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.The high-quality feature,coupled with the belt-like shape of the SnO_(2)microbelt enables the favorable contact between the n-type SnO_(2)and p-type silicon.The built-in electric field created at the interface endows the self-powered performance of the device.The p-Si/n-SnO_(2)junction photodetector demonstrated a high responsivity(0.12 mA/W),high light/dark current ratio(>103),and rapid response speed at zero bias.This method offers a practical way to develop cost-effective and high-performance self-powered UV PDs.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian original Innovation Joint Foundation,Grant/Award Number:L192016Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U21A20489+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62003330Shenzhen Fundamental Research Funds,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20220818101608019,JCYJ20190807170407391,JCYJ20180507182415428Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019A1515011699Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology。
文摘Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone mineral density,which is not able to unveil the pathological condition from the mesoscale aspect.To obtain mesoscale information from computed tomography(CT),the super-resolution(SR)approach for volumetric imaging data is required.A deep learning model AESR3D is proposed to recover high-resolution(HR)Micro-CT from low-resolution Micro-CT and implement an unsupervised segmentation for better trabecular observation and measurement.A new regularisation overcomplete autoencoder framework for the SR task is proposed and theoretically analysed.The best performance is achieved on structural similarity measure of trabecular CT SR task compared with the state-of-the-art models in both natural and medical image SR tasks.The HR and SR images show a high correlation(r=0.996,intraclass correlation coefficients=0.917)on trabecular bone morphological indicators.The results also prove the effectiveness of our regularisation framework when training a large capacity model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071222,22171249)the 111 Project(D20003)+3 种基金the Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(23HASTIT003)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242301420006,252300421245)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(20251818003)the Zhongyuan Leading Young Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation。
文摘Six-membered and seven-membered carbocycles are prevalent in nature due to their low ring strain and structural stability.In this work,we introduce a novel photocatalytic skeletal editing strategy for Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion acylation,leveraging tetrabutylammonium decatungstate(TBADT)as a hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)photocatalyst.This innovative approach enables the efficient synthesis of a diverse range of six-and seven-membered cyclic ketones under mild conditions,offering key advantages including environmental sustainability,high atom and step economy,good functional group tolerance,and the potential for extensive downstream functionalization.The versatility of this strategy is further demonstrated by its successful application in the post-synthetic modification of complex pharmaceutical intermediates and its scalability via continuous-flow technology,underscoring its broad utility in synthetic chemistry and pharmaceutical development.
文摘Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.
