Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
From September 1 7 to 1 9, the 5th China International Copy-right Expo （CICE） took place in Chengdu, capital city of Sichuan province. CICE, dubbed as ＂copy-right Olympics＂, featured the theme of＂ copyright in...From September 1 7 to 1 9, the 5th China International Copy-right Expo （CICE） took place in Chengdu, capital city of Sichuan province. CICE, dubbed as ＂copy-right Olympics＂, featured the theme of＂ copyright innovation and development＂ this year. i2 thematic events were held during the expo,展开更多
目的 探讨STAT活化抑制蛋白2(protein inhibitor of the activated STAT2, PIAS2)基因在前列腺癌中的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的关系,以及PIAS2对前列腺癌脂质代谢重编程的潜在作用。方法 采用癌症基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas ...目的 探讨STAT活化抑制蛋白2(protein inhibitor of the activated STAT2, PIAS2)基因在前列腺癌中的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的关系,以及PIAS2对前列腺癌脂质代谢重编程的潜在作用。方法 采用癌症基因图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas Program,TCGA)数据库和人类蛋白图谱(Human Protein Atas,HPA)免疫组化分析显示PIAS2蛋白的表达情况;采用qRT-PCR、Western bolt及免疫组化检测前列腺癌组织和周围癌旁组织中PIAS2的表达,并分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系;慢病毒感染前列腺癌细胞株PC-3M,稳定敲低PIAS2,通过超高效液相色谱质谱技术(UPLC-MS)进行脂质组学分析。结果 TCGA分析显示PIAS2在前列腺癌组织的表达高于癌旁组织,HPA免疫组化分析显示PIAS2蛋白在前列腺癌组织高表达;PIAS2 mRNA和蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达量相较于癌旁组织均有显著提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫组织化学显示PIAS2蛋白表达主要定位在前列腺的细胞核,且前列腺癌组织的AOD值显著高于癌旁组织:临床病理参数研究结果显示,PIAS2与Gleason评分、TNM分期具有相关性(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、PSA及淋巴结转移之间相关性无统计学意义(P > 0.05);UPLC-MS分析提示,敲降PIAS2影响10种脂类变化,与shNC组相比,shPIAS2组的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量下调,磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、二酰基甘油和三酰基甘油的含量上调。结论 PIAS2蛋白的表达量在前列腺癌组织中明显升高,提示PIAS2与前列腺癌的发生发展有关,其发病机制可能与前列腺癌的脂质代谢异常相关。展开更多
The melting and separation behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets directed at an efficient extraction of vanadium and titanium was systematically investigated.Applying FactSage simulations and experiments,the...The melting and separation behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets directed at an efficient extraction of vanadium and titanium was systematically investigated.Applying FactSage simulations and experiments,the smelting separation of three pre-reduced pellets from different regions was analyzed.The simulations demonstrate that FeTi2O5 is converted to TiC at low temperatures,necessitating suppression of this step.Experiments under optimized conditions(1590-1690°C,20-25 min,2%coke,basicity 0.4-0.6,and 3.0%-6.0%MgO)yield iron grade of 92.35%-95.06%,titanium grade of 34.37%-39.89%,and vanadium grade of 0.56%-1.52%,with recoveries of 99.52%-99.60%,94.08%-98.96%,and 92.63%-94.38%for iron,titanium and vanadium,respectively.The titanium in the slag,primarily in the form of anosovite,is suitable for sulfuric acid-based titanium white production.An increase in basicity,MgO content,and pellet metallization serves to improve vanadium recovery in melted iron but lowers the titanium grade in the slag.The overall process effectively utilizes vanadium and titanium resources under optimized conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptom...BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptoms in such patients.AIM To evaluate the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based evidence-based care(EBC)plus ice stimulation therapy for thirst management of convalescent patients following digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 191 patients convalescing after digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia between March 2020 and February 2023 and experiencing thirst were selected.In total,89 patients and 102 patients in the control and research groups received routine care and ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy,respectively.The following data were comparatively analyzed:(1)Thirst degree(thirst intensity numerical rating scale)and thirst distress(TD)degree(TD scale);(2)Oral mucosal wetness;(3)Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate(UWSFR);(4)Adverse reactions(palpitation,fatigue,chapped lips,and nausea and vomiting);and(5)Nursing satisfaction.RESULTS After nursing,thirst degree and distress were statistically lower in the research group than in the control group.Additionally,compared with the control group,the research group exhibited a lower degree of oral mucosal wetness,higher UWSFR,fewer adverse reactions,and more total nursing satisfaction.CONCLUSION ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy can effectively alleviate thirst in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.It can alleviate xerostomia symptoms,reduce adverse reactions,and improve patient comfort.展开更多
Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl is a highly wanted sulfide-solid-electrolyte(SSE)for developing all-solid-state lithium batteries,due to its high ionic conductivity,good processability and abundant compositional elements.However,its c...Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl is a highly wanted sulfide-solid-electrolyte(SSE)for developing all-solid-state lithium batteries,due to its high ionic conductivity,good processability and abundant compositional elements.However,its cyclability is poor because of harmful side reactions at the Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li interface and growth of lithium dendrites inside Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl phase.Herein,we report a simple interface-engineering remedy to boost the electrochemical performance of Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,by coating its surface with a Li-compatible electrolyte Li3OCl having low electronic conductivity.The obtainedLi_(6)PS_(5)Cl@Li_(3)OCl core@shell structure exhibits a synergistic effect.Consequently,compared with the bare Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,this composite electrolyte exhibits great performance improvements:1)In Li|electrolyte|Li symmetric cells,the critical current density at 30℃gets increased from 0.6 mA cm^(-2)to 1.6 mA cm^(-2),and the lifetime gets prolonged from 320 h to 1400 h at the cycling current of 0.2 mA cm^(-2)or from 10 h to 900 h at the cycling current of 0.5 mA cm^(-2);2)In Li|electrolyte|NCM721 full cells running at 30℃,the cycling capacity at 0.2 C(or 0.5 C)gets enhanced by 20%(or from unfeasible to be feasible)for 100 cycles and the rate capability reaches up to 2 C from 0.2 C;and in full cells running at 60℃,the cycling capacity is increased by 7%at 0.2 C and the rate capability is enhanced to 3.0 C from 0.5 C.The experimental studies and theoretical computations show that the performance enhancements are due to the confined electron penetration and suppressed lithium dendrites growth at theLi_(6)PS_(5)Cl@Li_(3)OCl interface.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
文摘From September 1 7 to 1 9, the 5th China International Copy-right Expo （CICE） took place in Chengdu, capital city of Sichuan province. CICE, dubbed as ＂copy-right Olympics＂, featured the theme of＂ copyright innovation and development＂ this year. i2 thematic events were held during the expo,
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3903900,2023YFC3903904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274343,52174329).
文摘The melting and separation behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets directed at an efficient extraction of vanadium and titanium was systematically investigated.Applying FactSage simulations and experiments,the smelting separation of three pre-reduced pellets from different regions was analyzed.The simulations demonstrate that FeTi2O5 is converted to TiC at low temperatures,necessitating suppression of this step.Experiments under optimized conditions(1590-1690°C,20-25 min,2%coke,basicity 0.4-0.6,and 3.0%-6.0%MgO)yield iron grade of 92.35%-95.06%,titanium grade of 34.37%-39.89%,and vanadium grade of 0.56%-1.52%,with recoveries of 99.52%-99.60%,94.08%-98.96%,and 92.63%-94.38%for iron,titanium and vanadium,respectively.The titanium in the slag,primarily in the form of anosovite,is suitable for sulfuric acid-based titanium white production.An increase in basicity,MgO content,and pellet metallization serves to improve vanadium recovery in melted iron but lowers the titanium grade in the slag.The overall process effectively utilizes vanadium and titanium resources under optimized conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptoms in such patients.AIM To evaluate the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based evidence-based care(EBC)plus ice stimulation therapy for thirst management of convalescent patients following digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 191 patients convalescing after digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia between March 2020 and February 2023 and experiencing thirst were selected.In total,89 patients and 102 patients in the control and research groups received routine care and ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy,respectively.The following data were comparatively analyzed:(1)Thirst degree(thirst intensity numerical rating scale)and thirst distress(TD)degree(TD scale);(2)Oral mucosal wetness;(3)Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate(UWSFR);(4)Adverse reactions(palpitation,fatigue,chapped lips,and nausea and vomiting);and(5)Nursing satisfaction.RESULTS After nursing,thirst degree and distress were statistically lower in the research group than in the control group.Additionally,compared with the control group,the research group exhibited a lower degree of oral mucosal wetness,higher UWSFR,fewer adverse reactions,and more total nursing satisfaction.CONCLUSION ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy can effectively alleviate thirst in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.It can alleviate xerostomia symptoms,reduce adverse reactions,and improve patient comfort.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0111600)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations for financial supportpartially supported by the Graduate Top-notch Innovation Award Plan in Liberal Arts and Science of Tianjin University for the Year of 2023 (B2-2023-012)
文摘Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl is a highly wanted sulfide-solid-electrolyte(SSE)for developing all-solid-state lithium batteries,due to its high ionic conductivity,good processability and abundant compositional elements.However,its cyclability is poor because of harmful side reactions at the Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li interface and growth of lithium dendrites inside Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl phase.Herein,we report a simple interface-engineering remedy to boost the electrochemical performance of Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,by coating its surface with a Li-compatible electrolyte Li3OCl having low electronic conductivity.The obtainedLi_(6)PS_(5)Cl@Li_(3)OCl core@shell structure exhibits a synergistic effect.Consequently,compared with the bare Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,this composite electrolyte exhibits great performance improvements:1)In Li|electrolyte|Li symmetric cells,the critical current density at 30℃gets increased from 0.6 mA cm^(-2)to 1.6 mA cm^(-2),and the lifetime gets prolonged from 320 h to 1400 h at the cycling current of 0.2 mA cm^(-2)or from 10 h to 900 h at the cycling current of 0.5 mA cm^(-2);2)In Li|electrolyte|NCM721 full cells running at 30℃,the cycling capacity at 0.2 C(or 0.5 C)gets enhanced by 20%(or from unfeasible to be feasible)for 100 cycles and the rate capability reaches up to 2 C from 0.2 C;and in full cells running at 60℃,the cycling capacity is increased by 7%at 0.2 C and the rate capability is enhanced to 3.0 C from 0.5 C.The experimental studies and theoretical computations show that the performance enhancements are due to the confined electron penetration and suppressed lithium dendrites growth at theLi_(6)PS_(5)Cl@Li_(3)OCl interface.
