The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent int...The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent interrelationships remain scarce.We developed a land–water–energy–GHG(LWEG)nexus framework for the North China Plain(NCP).The framework identifies the mutual feedback in the life cycle of agricultural production among the four factors.We applied the framework to assess the agricultural GHG mitigation potential for winter wheat,summer maize,and rice in NCP municipalities.The results showed that cropping structure optimization reduced GHG emissions by 1.96 Mt CO_(2)e.Controlling indirect energy consumption in upstream processes of crop production and reducing on-site energy use reduced the volume and intensity per unit area of agricultural GHG emissions.Because of the synergies between land,water,and energy,nexus management,which combines multiple measures of groundwater management,fertilizer,and energy control,has substantial GHG mitigation potential.The nexus management scenario produced a total GHG of 159.51 Mt CO_(2)e,a decrease of 15.38%from the baseline scenario.This study quantifies the LWEG nexus within agricultural production processes and identifies agricultural management practices that integrate water,energy conservation,and emissions mitigation contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflamma...Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72474200,72104223)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72221002)the Innovation Centre for Digital Business and Capital Development of Beijing Technology and Business University(Grant No.SZSK202211)。
文摘The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent interrelationships remain scarce.We developed a land–water–energy–GHG(LWEG)nexus framework for the North China Plain(NCP).The framework identifies the mutual feedback in the life cycle of agricultural production among the four factors.We applied the framework to assess the agricultural GHG mitigation potential for winter wheat,summer maize,and rice in NCP municipalities.The results showed that cropping structure optimization reduced GHG emissions by 1.96 Mt CO_(2)e.Controlling indirect energy consumption in upstream processes of crop production and reducing on-site energy use reduced the volume and intensity per unit area of agricultural GHG emissions.Because of the synergies between land,water,and energy,nexus management,which combines multiple measures of groundwater management,fertilizer,and energy control,has substantial GHG mitigation potential.The nexus management scenario produced a total GHG of 159.51 Mt CO_(2)e,a decrease of 15.38%from the baseline scenario.This study quantifies the LWEG nexus within agricultural production processes and identifies agricultural management practices that integrate water,energy conservation,and emissions mitigation contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [Nos.2016A040402020,2016B010121014]
文摘Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
