AIM: To investigate whether prophylactic abdominal drainage is necessary after pancreatic resection. METHODS: Pub Med, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to obtain relevant articles ...AIM: To investigate whether prophylactic abdominal drainage is necessary after pancreatic resection. METHODS: Pub Med, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to obtain relevant articles published before January 2014. Publications were retrieved if they met the selection criteria. The outcomes of interest included: mortality, morbidity, postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF), clinically relevant pancreatic fistula(CRPF), abdominal abscess, reoperation rate, the rate of interventional radiology drainage, and the length of hospital stay. Subgroup analyses were also performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) and for distal pancreatectomy. Begg's funnel plot and the Egger regression test were employed to assess potential publication bias.RESULTS: Nine eligible studies involving a total of 2794 patients were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Of the included patients, 1373 received prophylactic abdominal drainage. A fixedeffects model meta-analysis showed that placement of prophylactic drainage did not have beneficial effects on clinical outcomes, including morbidity, POPF, CRPF, reoperation, interventional radiology drainage, and length of hospital stay(Ps > 0.05). In addition, prophylactic drainage did not significantly increase the risk of abdominal abscess. Overall analysis showed that omitting prophylactic abdominal drainage resulted in higher mortality after pancreatectomy(OR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.93-2.92). Subgroup analysis of PD showed similar results to those in the overall analysis. Elimination of prophylactic abdominal drainage after PD led to a significant increase in mortality(OR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.22-4.69; P = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Prophylactic abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection is still necessary, though more evidence from randomized controlled trials assessing prophylactic drainage after PD and distal pancreatectomy are needed.展开更多
Enhancement effects of rare earth elements on the growth of Chaetoceros mulleri is studied in this paper. The results show that all of the light, middle and heavy rare earth elements have similar enhancement effect on...Enhancement effects of rare earth elements on the growth of Chaetoceros mulleri is studied in this paper. The results show that all of the light, middle and heavy rare earth elements have similar enhancement effect on the growth of Chaetoceros mulleri, with the beneficial concentrations of La, Gd and Yb being 7.28～87.40 μ mol/L, 6.36～57.23 μ mol/L and 5.78～17.34 μ mol/L. The optimum concentrations of La, Gd and Yb are 7.28 ～50.98 μ mol/L,31.80～44.52 μ m ol/L and 5.78～17.34 1μ mol/L, respectively. When the concentrations of La, Gd and Yb are 7.28～87.40 μ mol/L, 6.36～57.23 μ mol/L and 5.78～ 17,34 μ mol/L, the concentrations of chlorophyll have increased by 9.3～47.0%, 33.4～44.3%, and 36.5～40.3%, respectively as compared with the control group. The mechanism of enhancement of rare earth elements on the growth ot Chaetoceros mulleri is also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Lithium heteropoly blue(Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 ) was used as a non aqueous electrolyte in the polyacenic semiconductor (PAS) Li secondary battery instead of LiClO 4. The properties of the PAS Li secon...Lithium heteropoly blue(Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 ) was used as a non aqueous electrolyte in the polyacenic semiconductor (PAS) Li secondary battery instead of LiClO 4. The properties of the PAS Li secondary battery, especially the effect of Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 on the capacity, the cycle property and the self discharging of the battery have been investigated. The results indicate that not only Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 can overcome the disadvantages of LiClO 4, which is apt to explode when heated or rammed, but also the PAS Li secondary battery assembled with the novel electrolyte has a larger capacity and smaller self discharging than that assembled with LiClO 4. Therefore, it is believed that lithium heteropoly blue is a better and novel electrolyte for the PAS secondary battery and exhibits significant and practical application.展开更多
A new method for indirect determination of cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) with NaCl and NH4SCN by floatation and separation of zinc has been studied. The study shows that Zn(II) can associate with NH4SCN an...A new method for indirect determination of cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) with NaCl and NH4SCN by floatation and separation of zinc has been studied. The study shows that Zn(II) can associate with NH4SCN and CTMAB to form insoluble ternary ion-association complex, and the precipitate can float on the surface of the liquid phase. A good linear relationship is observed between the floatation yield (E%) of Zn(II) and the amount of CTMAB. On the ground, CTMAB can be indirectly determined by determining E% of Zn(II). The results were satisfactory.展开更多
The coupling of capillary electrophoresis to electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was presented for the on-line separation and detection of mixture of peptides. With th...The coupling of capillary electrophoresis to electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was presented for the on-line separation and detection of mixture of peptides. With the ultra-high resolution and unmatchable mass measurement accuracy FT-ICR-MS provides, the separation and identification of angiotensin III, octreotide and elastin chemotactic were successfully achieved using this fabricated device, which showed its great application potential in detection and structural identification for multicomponent sample.展开更多
A segmentation model that combines the Mumford-Shah (M-S) model and narrow band scheme of level set is presented. The M-S model is a desirable model for image segmentation, but computationally time-consuming. This pap...A segmentation model that combines the Mumford-Shah (M-S) model and narrow band scheme of level set is presented. The M-S model is a desirable model for image segmentation, but computationally time-consuming. This paper introduces a fast segmentation model, which combines the M-S model and narrow band scheme using new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time is O(n). In each iteration step, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in narrow band instead of the whole image. Comparing M-S model and new narrow band M-S, experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M-S model is much less than M-S model.展开更多
It is a small town I like most. I went there with my college mates in the 1980s and was quite impressed. The small town extended along the river. From a distant view, overlapping houses and charming roof slopes could ...It is a small town I like most. I went there with my college mates in the 1980s and was quite impressed. The small town extended along the river. From a distant view, overlapping houses and charming roof slopes could be glimpsed through misty morning rays and black tiles and white walls looked plain but elegant. There was a riverside square in the town and a stone bridge in a distance. Adults sat at the bridge, chatting and enjoying the cool while kids chasing and playing on the square. On the other side of the bridge was a tong alley along which houses and shops were lined up, I stopped time and again, chatting with old men at doorways. I was amazed by their strong memory and apparent pride. Like knowledgeable storytellers, they told me the history of the small town, from the story about the ancestors in this house to the anecdote of the great scholar inscribed on that honorary archway, from emperors to members of local clans. Their accounts made me feel that the small town was like a life and I could experience her evolution over the past one thousand years. Here I could feel the traditional lifestyle in those narrow alleys and on the riverside square, and seize development traces of some family from its house layout. Wherever I am in the small town, I could touch textures of its history. The charm of the small town set free my imagination.展开更多
Beijing is an oriental capital with numerous treasures and historic sites.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, many documentaries have been produced
After years of fierce lobbying and months of secrecy, Beijing unveiled five mascots for the 2008 Olympics on November 11, 2005. In an elaborate, nationally televised gala at Beijing Workers＇ Stadium to mark the 1,000...After years of fierce lobbying and months of secrecy, Beijing unveiled five mascots for the 2008 Olympics on November 11, 2005. In an elaborate, nationally televised gala at Beijing Workers＇ Stadium to mark the 1,000-day countdown until the Games, senior Chinese leaders introduced the mascots - cartoon renditions of a panda, fish, Tibetan antelope, swallow and the Olympic flame, each one representing the color of one of the Olympic rings. The animals were introduced as Bei Bei, Jing Jing, Huan Huan, Ying Ying and Ni Ni-which, who put together, translates to ＂Beijing welcomes you!＂展开更多
毋庸讳言，中国本土游戏开发的质量和规模相对于成熟的国外业界仍有一定差距，在高端产品市场上这种差距尤为突出。如何从国外学习先进技术和管理经验，迅速提高自身制作能力和作品质量，将更多“中国制作（Made in china）”的游戏软...毋庸讳言，中国本土游戏开发的质量和规模相对于成熟的国外业界仍有一定差距，在高端产品市场上这种差距尤为突出。如何从国外学习先进技术和管理经验，迅速提高自身制作能力和作品质量，将更多“中国制作（Made in china）”的游戏软件产品打人国际市场，这对于中国的游戏开发公司和开发人员来说，是一个复杂而又艰巨的课题。从本期开始，我们将陆续邀请一批拥有丰富开发、管理经验的国外业内专家，就中国本土游戏开发如何面向和走人国际舞台等问题，提出自己的看法和建议。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.81272645 and No.81072052 to Liu QG,and No.81301743 to Zheng X)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education of China from Ministry of Education,(No.20120201120090 to Zheng X)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether prophylactic abdominal drainage is necessary after pancreatic resection. METHODS: Pub Med, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to obtain relevant articles published before January 2014. Publications were retrieved if they met the selection criteria. The outcomes of interest included: mortality, morbidity, postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF), clinically relevant pancreatic fistula(CRPF), abdominal abscess, reoperation rate, the rate of interventional radiology drainage, and the length of hospital stay. Subgroup analyses were also performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) and for distal pancreatectomy. Begg's funnel plot and the Egger regression test were employed to assess potential publication bias.RESULTS: Nine eligible studies involving a total of 2794 patients were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Of the included patients, 1373 received prophylactic abdominal drainage. A fixedeffects model meta-analysis showed that placement of prophylactic drainage did not have beneficial effects on clinical outcomes, including morbidity, POPF, CRPF, reoperation, interventional radiology drainage, and length of hospital stay(Ps > 0.05). In addition, prophylactic drainage did not significantly increase the risk of abdominal abscess. Overall analysis showed that omitting prophylactic abdominal drainage resulted in higher mortality after pancreatectomy(OR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.93-2.92). Subgroup analysis of PD showed similar results to those in the overall analysis. Elimination of prophylactic abdominal drainage after PD led to a significant increase in mortality(OR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.22-4.69; P = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Prophylactic abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection is still necessary, though more evidence from randomized controlled trials assessing prophylactic drainage after PD and distal pancreatectomy are needed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund of China (No: 39370548)
文摘Enhancement effects of rare earth elements on the growth of Chaetoceros mulleri is studied in this paper. The results show that all of the light, middle and heavy rare earth elements have similar enhancement effect on the growth of Chaetoceros mulleri, with the beneficial concentrations of La, Gd and Yb being 7.28～87.40 μ mol/L, 6.36～57.23 μ mol/L and 5.78～17.34 μ mol/L. The optimum concentrations of La, Gd and Yb are 7.28 ～50.98 μ mol/L,31.80～44.52 μ m ol/L and 5.78～17.34 1μ mol/L, respectively. When the concentrations of La, Gd and Yb are 7.28～87.40 μ mol/L, 6.36～57.23 μ mol/L and 5.78～ 17,34 μ mol/L, the concentrations of chlorophyll have increased by 9.3～47.0%, 33.4～44.3%, and 36.5～40.3%, respectively as compared with the control group. The mechanism of enhancement of rare earth elements on the growth ot Chaetoceros mulleri is also discussed in this paper.
基金Supported by Education Com mittee Foundation of L iaoning Province(No.970 912 12 11) .
文摘Lithium heteropoly blue(Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 ) was used as a non aqueous electrolyte in the polyacenic semiconductor (PAS) Li secondary battery instead of LiClO 4. The properties of the PAS Li secondary battery, especially the effect of Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 on the capacity, the cycle property and the self discharging of the battery have been investigated. The results indicate that not only Li 5PW Ⅵ 10 W Ⅴ 2O 40 can overcome the disadvantages of LiClO 4, which is apt to explode when heated or rammed, but also the PAS Li secondary battery assembled with the novel electrolyte has a larger capacity and smaller self discharging than that assembled with LiClO 4. Therefore, it is believed that lithium heteropoly blue is a better and novel electrolyte for the PAS secondary battery and exhibits significant and practical application.
文摘A new method for indirect determination of cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) with NaCl and NH4SCN by floatation and separation of zinc has been studied. The study shows that Zn(II) can associate with NH4SCN and CTMAB to form insoluble ternary ion-association complex, and the precipitate can float on the surface of the liquid phase. A good linear relationship is observed between the floatation yield (E%) of Zn(II) and the amount of CTMAB. On the ground, CTMAB can be indirectly determined by determining E% of Zn(II). The results were satisfactory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20035010 and 20175033) and Instrumental Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The coupling of capillary electrophoresis to electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was presented for the on-line separation and detection of mixture of peptides. With the ultra-high resolution and unmatchable mass measurement accuracy FT-ICR-MS provides, the separation and identification of angiotensin III, octreotide and elastin chemotactic were successfully achieved using this fabricated device, which showed its great application potential in detection and structural identification for multicomponent sample.
文摘A segmentation model that combines the Mumford-Shah (M-S) model and narrow band scheme of level set is presented. The M-S model is a desirable model for image segmentation, but computationally time-consuming. This paper introduces a fast segmentation model, which combines the M-S model and narrow band scheme using new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time is O(n). In each iteration step, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in narrow band instead of the whole image. Comparing M-S model and new narrow band M-S, experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M-S model is much less than M-S model.
文摘It is a small town I like most. I went there with my college mates in the 1980s and was quite impressed. The small town extended along the river. From a distant view, overlapping houses and charming roof slopes could be glimpsed through misty morning rays and black tiles and white walls looked plain but elegant. There was a riverside square in the town and a stone bridge in a distance. Adults sat at the bridge, chatting and enjoying the cool while kids chasing and playing on the square. On the other side of the bridge was a tong alley along which houses and shops were lined up, I stopped time and again, chatting with old men at doorways. I was amazed by their strong memory and apparent pride. Like knowledgeable storytellers, they told me the history of the small town, from the story about the ancestors in this house to the anecdote of the great scholar inscribed on that honorary archway, from emperors to members of local clans. Their accounts made me feel that the small town was like a life and I could experience her evolution over the past one thousand years. Here I could feel the traditional lifestyle in those narrow alleys and on the riverside square, and seize development traces of some family from its house layout. Wherever I am in the small town, I could touch textures of its history. The charm of the small town set free my imagination.
文摘Beijing is an oriental capital with numerous treasures and historic sites.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, many documentaries have been produced
文摘After years of fierce lobbying and months of secrecy, Beijing unveiled five mascots for the 2008 Olympics on November 11, 2005. In an elaborate, nationally televised gala at Beijing Workers＇ Stadium to mark the 1,000-day countdown until the Games, senior Chinese leaders introduced the mascots - cartoon renditions of a panda, fish, Tibetan antelope, swallow and the Olympic flame, each one representing the color of one of the Olympic rings. The animals were introduced as Bei Bei, Jing Jing, Huan Huan, Ying Ying and Ni Ni-which, who put together, translates to ＂Beijing welcomes you!＂
文摘毋庸讳言，中国本土游戏开发的质量和规模相对于成熟的国外业界仍有一定差距，在高端产品市场上这种差距尤为突出。如何从国外学习先进技术和管理经验，迅速提高自身制作能力和作品质量，将更多“中国制作（Made in china）”的游戏软件产品打人国际市场，这对于中国的游戏开发公司和开发人员来说，是一个复杂而又艰巨的课题。从本期开始，我们将陆续邀请一批拥有丰富开发、管理经验的国外业内专家，就中国本土游戏开发如何面向和走人国际舞台等问题，提出自己的看法和建议。
