Single-photon imaging provides high photon sensitivity and the capability to capture ultrafast dynamics.However,temporal cutoff characteristics in single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)arrays arise from in-frame dead tim...Single-photon imaging provides high photon sensitivity and the capability to capture ultrafast dynamics.However,temporal cutoff characteristics in single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)arrays arise from in-frame dead time caused by the avalanche process and inter-frame dead time caused by the readout circuit,limiting the achievable frame rate when exposure time is reduced.We first studied a physics-based temporal model that introduces in-frame and inter-frame dead time,and proposed two reconstruction strategies that achieve higher fidelity and temporal resolution.Then we designed a transformer network with temporal and spatial feature extractors,which achieved 2x temporal resolution,2x spatial resolution,and average peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 8.14 dB.We applied the technique to a series of observation experiments,including fan rotation,plasma discharge,and fluorescence quenching dynamics.These experiments validate the technique's state-of-the-art temporal and spatial super-resolution SPAD imaging performance.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXONJSKYCXNL ZCXM-I4)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322502,62088101).
文摘Single-photon imaging provides high photon sensitivity and the capability to capture ultrafast dynamics.However,temporal cutoff characteristics in single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)arrays arise from in-frame dead time caused by the avalanche process and inter-frame dead time caused by the readout circuit,limiting the achievable frame rate when exposure time is reduced.We first studied a physics-based temporal model that introduces in-frame and inter-frame dead time,and proposed two reconstruction strategies that achieve higher fidelity and temporal resolution.Then we designed a transformer network with temporal and spatial feature extractors,which achieved 2x temporal resolution,2x spatial resolution,and average peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 8.14 dB.We applied the technique to a series of observation experiments,including fan rotation,plasma discharge,and fluorescence quenching dynamics.These experiments validate the technique's state-of-the-art temporal and spatial super-resolution SPAD imaging performance.
