This study theoretically investigates chaos in a cavity optomechanical system with Coulomb coupling.The system consists of a Fabry-Pérot cavity with a movable mirror,where Coulomb interactions arise from charging...This study theoretically investigates chaos in a cavity optomechanical system with Coulomb coupling.The system consists of a Fabry-Pérot cavity with a movable mirror,where Coulomb interactions arise from charging the two movable mirrors.We examine the chaotic dynamics under the influence of both single and bichromatic laser fields.The single laser field represents a system driven exclusively by the pump field,whereas the bichromatic field represents simultaneous driving by both the pump and probe fields.In addition to conventional chaos-inducing methods through parameter variations,we demonstrate that increasing the Coulomb coupling strength enhances the system’s nonlinearity and induces chaotic behavior.Furthermore,we propose several strategies for generating and controlling chaos,while also identifying the parameter ranges necessary for the resonance of the two mechanical oscillators.Interestingly,when adjusting the driving power in a system driven solely by the pump field,we unexpectedly observe the emergence of high-order sidebands.These findings contribute to the development of chaotic behavior in future cavity optomechanical systems and provide a theoretical basis for applications in physical random number generation and secure communication.展开更多
Endothelial cells arranged on the vessel lumen are constantly stimulated by blood flow,blood pressure and pressureinduced cyclic stretch.These stimuli are sensed through mechanical sensory structures and converted int...Endothelial cells arranged on the vessel lumen are constantly stimulated by blood flow,blood pressure and pressureinduced cyclic stretch.These stimuli are sensed through mechanical sensory structures and converted into a series of functional responses through mechanotransduction pathways.The process will eventually affect vascular health.Therefore,there has been an urgent need to establish in vitro endothelial biomechanics and mechanobiology of models,which reproduce three-dimensional structure vascular system.In recent years,the rapid development in microfluidic technology makes it possible to replicate the key structural and functionally biomechanical characteristics of vessels.Here,we summarized the progress of microfluidic chips used for the investigation of endothelial biomechanics and mechanobiology of the vascular system.Firstly,we elucidated the contribution of shear stress and circumferential stress,to vascular physiology.Then,we reviewed some applications using microfluidic technology in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis,endothelial permeability and mechanotransduction,as well as the blood-brain barrier under these physical forces.Finally,we discussed the future obstacles in terms of the development and application of microfluidic vascular chips.展开更多
Both clinical and post mortem studies indicate that, in humans, the carotid sinus of the carotid artery bifurcation is one of the favored sites for the genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hemodynamic f...Both clinical and post mortem studies indicate that, in humans, the carotid sinus of the carotid artery bifurcation is one of the favored sites for the genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hemodynamic factors have been suggested to be important in atherogenesis. To understand the correlation between atherogenesis and fluid dynamics in the carotid sinus, the blood flow in artery was simulated numerically. In those studies, the property of blood was treated as an incompressible, Newtonian fluid. In fact, however, the blood is a complicated non-Newtonian fluid with shear thinning and viscoelastic properties, especially when the shear rate is low. A variety of non-Newtonian models have been applied in the numerical studies. Among them, the Casson equation was widely used. However, the Casson equation agrees well only when the shear rate is less than 10 s-1. The flow field of the carotid bifurcation usually covers a wide range of shear rate. We therefore believe that it may not be sufficient to describe the property of blood only using the Casson equation in the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation. In the present study, three different blood constitutive models, namely, the Newtonian, the Casson and the hybrid fluid constitutive models were used in the flow simulation of the human carotid bifurcation. The results were compared among the three models. The results showed that the Newtonian model and the hybrid model had verysimilar distributions of the axial velocity, secondary flow and wall shear stress, but the Casson model resulted in significant differences in these distributions from the other two models. This study suggests that it is not appropriate to only use the Casson equation to simulate the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation, and on the other hand, Newtonian fluid is a good approximation to blood for flow simulations in the carotid artery bifurcation.展开更多
Little is known about Subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)dynamics in patients with Coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19).We collected 147 throat swabs,74 gut swabs and 46 plasma samples from 117 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOT...Little is known about Subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)dynamics in patients with Coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19).We collected 147 throat swabs,74 gut swabs and 46 plasma samples from 117 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOTUS China trial(ChiCTR2000029308)and compared E and orf7a sgRNA load in patients with different illness duration,outcome,and comorbidities.Both sgRNAs were detected in all the three types of samples,with longest duration of 25,13,and 17 days for E sgRNA,and 32,28,and 17 days for orf7a sgRNA in throat,gut,and plasma,respectively.A total of 95%(57/60)of patients had no E sgRNA detected after 10 days post treatment,though 86%of them were still E RNA positive.High correlation on titer was observed between sgRNA encoding E and orf7a gene.sgRNA showed similar variation in the standard care and Lopinavir-Ritonavir group.Patients with diabetes and heart diseases showed higher pharyngeal E sgRNA at the first day(P=0.016 and 0.013,respectively)but no difference at five days after treatment,compared with patients without such commodities.Patients with hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases showed no difference in the pharyngeal sgRNA levels at both one and five days after treatment,compared with patients without these two commodities.E sgRNA levels in the initial infection showed no correlation with the serum antibody against spike,nucleoprotein,and receptor binding domains at ten days later.sgRNA lasted a long period in COVID-19 patients and might have little effect on humoral response.展开更多
Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudina...Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudinal study is an observational study of growth and development of healthy white children. A total of 109 boys and 75 girls with serial self-assessments of Tanner stages of genital/breast and pubic hair developments provided data for a longitudinal analysis with a linear mixed model. Results: About 11.0% of boys and 22.7% of girls witnessed the appearance of pubic hair (adrenarche) prior to the onset of genital/breast growth (gonadarche/thelarche) and about 13.7% of boys and 22.7% of girls experienced the onset of gonadarche/thelarche prior to adrenarche. The remaining 75.3% of boys and 54.7% of girls were concordant for adrenarche and gonadarche/thelarche. During the first two years of life, boys and girls with earlier gonadarche and thelarche than adrenarche were found to have more rapid weight gain than those with earlier adrenarche than gonadarche/thelarche. During early childhood from age 2 - 7 years, those girls with early thelarche had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference to height ratio (waist/ height) than those with early adrenarche. In children of ages 8 - 20, girls with early gonadarche had higher BMI z-scores than those with early adrenarche. Conclusion: Girls with early thelarche and later adrenarche, have more rapid mean weight gain during the first two years of life, higher BMI and waist/height during early childhood, and higher BMI z-scores during adolescence. Boys with early gonadarche and later adrenarche experienced more rapid weight gain during the first two years of life than boys with early adrenarche and later gonadarche. In other words, girls with early thelarche are more likely to be triggered by early accumulation of fat mass than those with early adrenarche.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of Daine-35 on serum hormone and antral follicle count of different subtypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 138 cases of PCOS were recruited and typed according to Rot...Objective: To explore the effect of Daine-35 on serum hormone and antral follicle count of different subtypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 138 cases of PCOS were recruited and typed according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria;78 cases of tubal infertility without hyperandrogenism and menstrual disorders during the same period were collected as control. Serum reproductive hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), total testosterone (TT) and fast insulin (INS) were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Ovarian antral follicle count was determined by ultrasonography. The effects on above indexes were evaluated for different subtypes of PCOS after 3 cycles of treatment with Daine-35. Results: The cases of Type A and Type B were respectively 43 (31.2%) and 73 (52.9%). They were the most common clinical phenotypes of PCOS in the central region ofChina. Total testosterone (TT) and DHEAS levels of Types A, C and D were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The LH, LH/FSH, INS and HOMA-IR levels in all types of PCOS were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Antral follicle counts of Types A, B and D were more than those of Type C and the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment with Daine-35 for 3 cycles, the serum TT levels of Types A, C and D decreased (p < 0.05). DHEAS values also decreased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). The serum LH and LH/FSH as well as the antral follicle count of all the PCOS types significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Type A and Type B are the most common clinical phenotypes of PCOS in the central region of China. Taking Daine-35 for 3 cycles can significantly reduce the serum androgen, serum LH, LH/FSH ratio, and antral follicle count of different PCOS types.展开更多
Influenza A virus(IAV)induces ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis,a form of lytic inflammatory cell death characterized by concurrent activation of the pyroptosis,necroptosis and apoptosis pathways.Ninjurin-1(NINJ1)is a recently...Influenza A virus(IAV)induces ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis,a form of lytic inflammatory cell death characterized by concurrent activation of the pyroptosis,necroptosis and apoptosis pathways.Ninjurin-1(NINJ1)is a recently identified mediator of plasma membrane rupture but functions diversely in different types of cell death.However,little is known about the role of NINJ1 in IAVinduced PANoptosis and viral pneumonia.Here,we report that IAV infection triggered an increase in the expression of NINJ1,which then oligomerized and mediated cell lysis in infected macrophages.The deficiency of NINJ1 prevented plasma membrane rupture and the release of DAMPs and IL-1βwithout affecting the progression of cell death.Activation of any single PANoptosis pathway was sufficient to trigger the oligomerization of NINJ1 and robust cell lysis.Accordingly,only when all PANoptosis pathways were concurrently blocked could the oligomerization of NINJ1,cell death,and cell rupture be prevented.Ablation of NINJ1 in vivo also alleviated IAV-induced lung injury and mortality.Furthermore,we revealed an association between NINJ1 upregulation and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Collectively,our findings indicate a pivotal role of NINJ1 in the immunopathology of IAV infection and its potential as a bioindicator of disease severity and prognosis in viral pneumonia and viral sepsis.展开更多
Cardiovascular stent restenosis remains a major challenge in interventional treatment of cardiovascular occlusive disease.Although the changes in arterial mechanical environment due to stent implantation are the main ...Cardiovascular stent restenosis remains a major challenge in interventional treatment of cardiovascular occlusive disease.Although the changes in arterial mechanical environment due to stent implantation are the main causes of the initiation of restenosis and thrombosis,the mechanisms that cause this initiation are still not fully understood.In this article,we reviewed the studies on the issue of stent-induced alterations in arterial mechanical environment and discussed their roles in stent restenosis and late thrombosis from three aspects:(i)the interaction of the stent with host blood vessel,involve the response of vascular wall,the mechanism of mechanical signal transmission,the process of re-endothelialization and late thrombosis;(ii)the changes of hemodynamics in the lumen of the vascular segment and(iii)the changes of mechanical microenvironment within the vascular segment wall due to stent implantation.This review has summarized and analyzed current work in order to better solve the two main problems after stent implantation,namely in stent restenosis and late thrombosis,meanwhile propose the deficiencies of current work for future reference.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the major cause of high mortality and disability rates worldwide.Pioglitazone is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPARγ)that can reduce inflammation follo...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the major cause of high mortality and disability rates worldwide.Pioglitazone is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPARγ)that can reduce inflammation following TBI.Clinically,neuroinflammation after TBI lacks effective treatment.Although there are many studies on PPARγin TBI animals,only few could be converted into clinical,since TBI mechanisms in humans and animals are not completely consistent.The present study,provided a potential theoretical basis and therapeutic target for neuroinflammation treatment after TBI.First,we detected interleukin-6(IL-6),nitric oxide(NO)and Caspase-3 in TBI clinical specimens,confirming a presence of a high expression of inflammatory factors.Western blot(WB),quantitative real-time PCR(qRTPCR)and immunohistochemistry(IHC)were used to detect PPARγ,IL-6,and p-NF-kB to identify the mechanisms of neuroinflammation.Then,in the rat TBI model,neurobehavioral and cerebral edema levels were investigated after intervention with pioglitazone(PPARγactivator)or T0070907(PPARγinhibitor),and PPARγ,IL-6 and p-NF-kB were detected again by qRT-PCR,WB and immunofluorescence(IF).The obtained results revealed that:1)increased expression of IL-6,NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI,and decreased PPARγin brain tissue;2)pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI;3)the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARγand reducing NF-kB and IL-6.The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on TBI was mediated through the PPARγ/NF-kB/IL-6 pathway.展开更多
It is not clear what effects of CD34-and CD133-specific antibody-coated stents have on reendothelialization and in-stent restenosis(ISR)at the early phase of vascular injury.This study aims at determining the capabili...It is not clear what effects of CD34-and CD133-specific antibody-coated stents have on reendothelialization and in-stent restenosis(ISR)at the early phase of vascular injury.This study aims at determining the capabilities of different coatings on stents(e.g.gelatin,anti-CD133 and anti-CD34 antibodies)to promote adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs).The in vitro study revealed that the adhesion force enabled the EPCs coated on glass slides to withstand flow-induced shear stress,so that allowing for the growth of the cells on the slides for 48 h.The in vivo experiment using a rabbit model in which the coated stents with different substrates were implanted showed that anti-CD34 and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents markedly reduced the intima area and restenosis than bare mental stents(BMS)and gelatin-coated stents.Compared with the anti-CD34 antibody-coated stents,the time of cells adhesion was longer and earlier present in the anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents have superiority in re-endothelialization and inhibition of ISR.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that anti-CD133 antibody as a stent coating for capturing EPCs is better than anti-CD34 antibody in promoting endothelialization and reducing ISR.展开更多
In this work,an adsorbent,which we call MnPT,was prepared by combining MnO_(2),polyethylenimine and tannic acid,and exhibited efficient performance for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.The oxygen/nitrog...In this work,an adsorbent,which we call MnPT,was prepared by combining MnO_(2),polyethylenimine and tannic acid,and exhibited efficient performance for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.The oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of MnPT might increase the enrichment of metal ions by complexation.The maximum adsorption capacities of MnPT for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were 121.5 and 790.2 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The surface complexation formation model was used to elucidate the physicochemical interplay in the process of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) co-adsorption on MnPT.Electrostatic force,solvation action,adsorbate-adsorbate lateral interaction,and complexation were involved in the spontaneous adsorption process.Physical electrostatic action was dominant in the initial stage,whereas chemical action was the driving force leading to adsorption equilibrium.It should be noted that after adsorption on the surface of MnPT,Cr(Ⅵ) reacted with some reducing functional groups(hydroxylamine-NH_(2))and was converted into Cr(Ⅲ).The adsorption capacity declined by 12% after recycling five times.Understanding the adsorption mechanism might provide a technical basis for the procedural design of heavy metal adsorbents.This MnPT nanocomposite has been proven to be a low-cost,efficient,and promising adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Although the incidence of CVD in women is usually lower than in men,women have a higher mortality and worse prognosis after acute cardiovascul...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Although the incidence of CVD in women is usually lower than in men,women have a higher mortality and worse prognosis after acute cardiovascular events.These gender differences exist in various CVDs,including coronary heart disease,stroke,heart failure and aortic diseases.These gender differences have caused widespread concerns and the consideration of gender differences is of great importance for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment and management of CVD.This review aims to provide an overview of gender-related differences in several typical CVDs and to list and to analyze the possible causes associated with the differences,in order to highlight the necessity of taking into account gender differences in determination of the cardiovascular risk profile.Future research can focus on how to define and add gender-related indicators to current risk assessment and management strategies.展开更多
Background Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and influenza.Nonetheless,with COVID-19 restrictions lifted,an unanticipated outbreak of the i...Background Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and influenza.Nonetheless,with COVID-19 restrictions lifted,an unanticipated outbreak of the influ-enza B/Nictoria virus in late 2021 and another influenza H3N2 outbreak in mid-2022 occurred in Guangdong,southern China.The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown.To better prepare for potential influenza out-breaks during COVID-19 pandemic,we studied the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of influenza A(H3N2)and BNictoria that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in this region.Methods From January 1,2018 to December 31,2022,we collected throat swabs from 173,401 patients in Guang-dong who had acute respiratory tract infections.Influenza viruses in the samples were tested using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction,followed by subtype identification and sequencing of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)genes.Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed on both genes from 403 samples.A rigorous molecular clock was aligned with the phylogenetic tree to measure the rate of viral evolution and the root-to-tip distance within strains in different years was assessed using regression curve models to determine the correlation.Results During the early period of COVID-19 control,various influenza viruses were nearly undetectable in respiratory specimens.When control measures were relaxed in January 2020,the influenza infection rate peaked at 4.94%(39/789)in December 2021,with the influenza B/Victoria accounting for 87.18%(34/39)of the total influenza cases.Six months later,the influenza infection rate again increased and peaked at 11.34%(255/2248)in June 2022;influenza A/H3N2 accounted for 94.51%(241/255)of the total influenza cases in autumn 2022.The diverse geographic distribution of HA genes of B/Nictoria and A/H3N2 had drastically reduced,and most strains originated from China.The rate of B/Victoria HA evolution(3.11×10^(-3),P<0.05)was 1.7 times faster than before the COVID-19 outbreak(1.80×10^(-3),P<0.05).Likewise,the H3N2 HA gene's evolution rate was 7.96×10^(-3)(P<0.05),which is 2.1 times faster than the strains'pre-COVID-19 evolution rate(3.81×10^(-3),P<0.05).Conclusions Despite the extraordinarily low detection rate of influenza infection,concealed influenza transmission may occur between individuals during strict COVID-19 control.This ultimately leads to the accumulation of viral mutations and accelerated evolution of H3N2 and BVictoria viruses.Monitoring the evolution of influenza may provide insights and alerts regarding potential epidemics in the future.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis and its functions practice in a dose-dependent manner in which too high and too low NO concentration may both induce the development of cardiovascular disea...Nitric oxide(NO)plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis and its functions practice in a dose-dependent manner in which too high and too low NO concentration may both induce the development of cardiovascular diseases,which indicates the balance between NO formation and scavenging is critical.Evidence presented over the last two decades has indicated hemoglobin(Hb)can affect NO dynamic equilibrium.The role of Hb was once thought to play in NO signaling as inhibiting NO transport,but now several mechanisms have found that Hb may preserve and even regulate NO activity.Despite the tremendous amount of work devoted to this field,major questions concerning precise mechanisms of NO activity preservation as well as if and how Hb creates NO activity remain unanswered.In this review,we discuss the role of hemoglobin in NO formation,transport and consumption.We also discuss how these mechanisms of the imbalance between NO and hemoglobin induce related diseases,which may serve as the basis for novel therapeutics.展开更多
Although atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process,proteoglycans mediated lipoprotein(LDL)retention at the subendothelial space is a necessary and sufficient event in provoking lesion initiation.Proteoglycans(PGs)ar...Although atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process,proteoglycans mediated lipoprotein(LDL)retention at the subendothelial space is a necessary and sufficient event in provoking lesion initiation.Proteoglycans(PGs)are usually composed of one core protein backbone with one or more glycosaminoglycan chains(GAGs)covalently linked,mainly include perlecan,biglycan,versican,and decorin.The interaction between LDL and proteoglycans is apparently mediated by the basic amino acids in apoB-100,the moiety of LDL,electrostatic interacting with the negatively charged GAGs(sulfate or carbohydrate groups)of proteoglycans or though some bridge molecules like sphingomyelinase(SMase)or lipoprotein lipase(LpL).In the later section,we collate the promising therapeutic approaches that have been proposed up to now,targeting LDL-PGs interaction.It should be concluded that previous studies on interaction between LDL and PGs mainly focused on perlecan,biglycan,decorin,and versican that all located in the extracellular matrix(ECM),future studies should pay more attention to the endothelial surface glycocalyx and its interaction with LDLs,seeking promising therapeutic targets more specifically.展开更多
Thrombosis is one of the main complications in patients implanted with ventricular assist device(VAD).The complicated structure and disturbed flow field within failure heart and blood pump play an important role in th...Thrombosis is one of the main complications in patients implanted with ventricular assist device(VAD).The complicated structure and disturbed flow field within failure heart and blood pump play an important role in thrombosis formation.In this study,the influence of Left ventricular(LV)volumes on flow field contributing to thrombosis formation within failure heart and VAD was investigated.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)methods were employed to investigate the effect of different LV volumes on the thrombogenic potential of failure heart and VAD.Lagrangian methods were utilized to obtain information on platelet voyage trajectories.The concepts of mean and threshold of stress accumulation and residence time were introduced to accurately assess the likelihood of thrombus.Eulerian methods were used to identify thrombus-prone locations.CFD results showed that residence time(RT)was the main cause of thrombus formation in the failure heart,and the percentage of platelet trajectories above the RT threshold increased significantly with increasing LV volume.The RT in the left atrial appendage and LV increased significantly with LV volume increasing,which indicated that thrombus is prone to form there.Compared with the failure heart,non-physiological shear stress(NPSS)-caused platelet activation is the main reason for thrombus formation within VAD.The narrow zones(top clearance and secondary flow passage)within VAD have a high incidence of thrombus generation.In VAD patients,the LV volume has an important impact on thrombosis probability within failure heart,in which the larger size of the LV volume is,the higher risk of thrombosis will be.The size of LV volume has little effect on the thrombosis formation probability of VAD,where the NPSS plays the leading role in thrombosis formation.The finding of this study can be utilized to guild the clinical treatment and VAD structure optimization design for reducing the thrombosis risk.展开更多
Flow diverter intervention is a cutting-edge treatment for intracranial aneurysms by altering the flow field and reducing the pressure in the aneurysm sac.However,the rupture rate and complications rate are still high...Flow diverter intervention is a cutting-edge treatment for intracranial aneurysms by altering the flow field and reducing the pressure in the aneurysm sac.However,the rupture rate and complications rate are still high.In this study,a new design of flow diverter based on Bernoulli’s equation was proposed and hemodynamics evaluation of it was conducted.The numerical model of a patient specific internal carotid aneurysm was established based on computed tomography scan images(Model C).The aneurysm models with normal diverter(ND)and local stenosed diverter(LSD)were modified from the patient-specific model.The blood flow characteristics were obtained and analyzed by numerical simulation while the in vitro experiments were conducted using three-dimensional printed silicone models and pressure measurement system.In both ND and LSD models,the blood flow into the aneurysm have been significantly blocked by the diverters and the pressure in the aneurysm sac have been decreased.The pressure drop and the wall shear stress on the aneurysm wall in the LSD model are higher than that in the ND model.The oscillatory shear index and relative residence time in the aneurysm wall of LSD are lower than that in the ND model.The pressure measurement in the vitro experiment also qualitatively verified the results of pressure comparison in the numerical simulation.In conclusion,the simulation results and in vitro experiments verified that diverter can certainly reduce the pressure in the aneurysm,and the newly design diverter with local stenosis can strengthening this effect.展开更多
Ventricular assist devices(VADs)have been used for treating the end-stage heart failure(HF)patients in the past few decades,which had improved survival rates.In parallel,clinical applications of VADs are accompanied w...Ventricular assist devices(VADs)have been used for treating the end-stage heart failure(HF)patients in the past few decades,which had improved survival rates.In parallel,clinical applications of VADs are accompanied with endangered complications,such as thrombosis,bleeding and infection,which hamper the patient recovery.Nonphysiological shear stress(NPSS)is inevitably created during VAD application.When HF patients implanted with VADs,this high level NPSS can induce damage on blood components including blood cells(red blood cells,platelets,leukocytes et al.)and protein(von Willebrand Factor(VWF)).The damage of these blood cells and proteins may lead to the dysfunction of coagulation and immune systems,contributing to complications in VAD patients.To understand how VADs-created NPSS induces blood damage,and find the link between NPSS-induced blood damage and VAD related complications would potentially help to guide the VAD optimization and to find the effect way for treating VAD associated complications.Here we provide a review to investigate what is currently known about NPSS-induced blood damage within VADs and how the NPSS-induced blood damage links to complications(thrombosis,bleeding and infection)in VAD patients.展开更多
Introduction:The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)demonstrates increased transmissibility compared to earlier strains,contributing to a significant number of fatalities in ...Introduction:The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)demonstrates increased transmissibility compared to earlier strains,contributing to a significant number of fatalities in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR),China.Adequate medical resources and medications are essential in mitigating these deaths.This study evaluates the effects of supplementary resources from the Chinese mainland during the fifth wave of the pandemic in HKSAR.Methods:Vector autoregression(VAR)was employed to analyze data from the Oxford coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)Government Response Tracker to assess the effectiveness of control measures during five waves of the pandemic in HKSAR.Additionally,a transmission dynamics model was created to investigate the influence of supplementary medical resources from the Chinese mainland and oral medications on mortality.Results:In the initial four waves,workplace closures,restrictions on public events,international travel bans,and shielding the elderly significantly influenced pandemic management.Contrarily,during the fifth wave,these measures showed no notable effects.When comparing a situation without extra medical resources or COVID-19 oral medication,there was a 17.7%decrease in COVID-19 fatalities with mainland medical resources and an additional 10.2%reduction with oral medications.Together,they contributed to a 26.6%decline in fatalities.Discussion:With the rapid spread of the virus,regional reallocation of medical resources may reduce mortality even when the local healthcare system is overstretched.展开更多
基金supported by Young Talents from Longyuan,Gansu Province(Liwei Liu),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Northwest Minzu University(Grant No.31920230134)Teaching Achievement Cultivation Project of Gansu Province Department of Education(Grant No.2022GSJXCGPY-46)+1 种基金Special research topic on curriculum and teaching materials for primary,secondary and higher schools,Gansu Province Department of Education(Grant No.GSJC-Y2024204)Quality improvement project for undergraduate talent training,Northwest Minzu University(Grant Nos.2024YBJG-04 and 2024FCTD-03).
文摘This study theoretically investigates chaos in a cavity optomechanical system with Coulomb coupling.The system consists of a Fabry-Pérot cavity with a movable mirror,where Coulomb interactions arise from charging the two movable mirrors.We examine the chaotic dynamics under the influence of both single and bichromatic laser fields.The single laser field represents a system driven exclusively by the pump field,whereas the bichromatic field represents simultaneous driving by both the pump and probe fields.In addition to conventional chaos-inducing methods through parameter variations,we demonstrate that increasing the Coulomb coupling strength enhances the system’s nonlinearity and induces chaotic behavior.Furthermore,we propose several strategies for generating and controlling chaos,while also identifying the parameter ranges necessary for the resonance of the two mechanical oscillators.Interestingly,when adjusting the driving power in a system driven solely by the pump field,we unexpectedly observe the emergence of high-order sidebands.These findings contribute to the development of chaotic behavior in future cavity optomechanical systems and provide a theoretical basis for applications in physical random number generation and secure communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China(61533016,11827803,31971244,31570947,11772036,11421202 and U20A20390)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1102202 and 2016YFC1101101)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4194079)and the 111 Project(B13003).
文摘Endothelial cells arranged on the vessel lumen are constantly stimulated by blood flow,blood pressure and pressureinduced cyclic stretch.These stimuli are sensed through mechanical sensory structures and converted into a series of functional responses through mechanotransduction pathways.The process will eventually affect vascular health.Therefore,there has been an urgent need to establish in vitro endothelial biomechanics and mechanobiology of models,which reproduce three-dimensional structure vascular system.In recent years,the rapid development in microfluidic technology makes it possible to replicate the key structural and functionally biomechanical characteristics of vessels.Here,we summarized the progress of microfluidic chips used for the investigation of endothelial biomechanics and mechanobiology of the vascular system.Firstly,we elucidated the contribution of shear stress and circumferential stress,to vascular physiology.Then,we reviewed some applications using microfluidic technology in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis,endothelial permeability and mechanotransduction,as well as the blood-brain barrier under these physical forces.Finally,we discussed the future obstacles in terms of the development and application of microfluidic vascular chips.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10527001, 10632010, 10672015)
文摘Both clinical and post mortem studies indicate that, in humans, the carotid sinus of the carotid artery bifurcation is one of the favored sites for the genesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hemodynamic factors have been suggested to be important in atherogenesis. To understand the correlation between atherogenesis and fluid dynamics in the carotid sinus, the blood flow in artery was simulated numerically. In those studies, the property of blood was treated as an incompressible, Newtonian fluid. In fact, however, the blood is a complicated non-Newtonian fluid with shear thinning and viscoelastic properties, especially when the shear rate is low. A variety of non-Newtonian models have been applied in the numerical studies. Among them, the Casson equation was widely used. However, the Casson equation agrees well only when the shear rate is less than 10 s-1. The flow field of the carotid bifurcation usually covers a wide range of shear rate. We therefore believe that it may not be sufficient to describe the property of blood only using the Casson equation in the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation. In the present study, three different blood constitutive models, namely, the Newtonian, the Casson and the hybrid fluid constitutive models were used in the flow simulation of the human carotid bifurcation. The results were compared among the three models. The results showed that the Newtonian model and the hybrid model had verysimilar distributions of the axial velocity, secondary flow and wall shear stress, but the Casson model resulted in significant differences in these distributions from the other two models. This study suggests that it is not appropriate to only use the Casson equation to simulate the whole flow field of the carotid bifurcation, and on the other hand, Newtonian fluid is a good approximation to blood for flow simulations in the carotid artery bifurcation.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(81900009 and 82041011/H0104)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1200100 and 2018YFC1200102)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2018-I2M-1–003,2020-I2M-2–013,and 2020-I2M-CoV19-005)
文摘Little is known about Subgenomic RNA(sgRNA)dynamics in patients with Coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19).We collected 147 throat swabs,74 gut swabs and 46 plasma samples from 117 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOTUS China trial(ChiCTR2000029308)and compared E and orf7a sgRNA load in patients with different illness duration,outcome,and comorbidities.Both sgRNAs were detected in all the three types of samples,with longest duration of 25,13,and 17 days for E sgRNA,and 32,28,and 17 days for orf7a sgRNA in throat,gut,and plasma,respectively.A total of 95%(57/60)of patients had no E sgRNA detected after 10 days post treatment,though 86%of them were still E RNA positive.High correlation on titer was observed between sgRNA encoding E and orf7a gene.sgRNA showed similar variation in the standard care and Lopinavir-Ritonavir group.Patients with diabetes and heart diseases showed higher pharyngeal E sgRNA at the first day(P=0.016 and 0.013,respectively)but no difference at five days after treatment,compared with patients without such commodities.Patients with hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases showed no difference in the pharyngeal sgRNA levels at both one and five days after treatment,compared with patients without these two commodities.E sgRNA levels in the initial infection showed no correlation with the serum antibody against spike,nucleoprotein,and receptor binding domains at ten days later.sgRNA lasted a long period in COVID-19 patients and might have little effect on humoral response.
文摘Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudinal study is an observational study of growth and development of healthy white children. A total of 109 boys and 75 girls with serial self-assessments of Tanner stages of genital/breast and pubic hair developments provided data for a longitudinal analysis with a linear mixed model. Results: About 11.0% of boys and 22.7% of girls witnessed the appearance of pubic hair (adrenarche) prior to the onset of genital/breast growth (gonadarche/thelarche) and about 13.7% of boys and 22.7% of girls experienced the onset of gonadarche/thelarche prior to adrenarche. The remaining 75.3% of boys and 54.7% of girls were concordant for adrenarche and gonadarche/thelarche. During the first two years of life, boys and girls with earlier gonadarche and thelarche than adrenarche were found to have more rapid weight gain than those with earlier adrenarche than gonadarche/thelarche. During early childhood from age 2 - 7 years, those girls with early thelarche had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference to height ratio (waist/ height) than those with early adrenarche. In children of ages 8 - 20, girls with early gonadarche had higher BMI z-scores than those with early adrenarche. Conclusion: Girls with early thelarche and later adrenarche, have more rapid mean weight gain during the first two years of life, higher BMI and waist/height during early childhood, and higher BMI z-scores during adolescence. Boys with early gonadarche and later adrenarche experienced more rapid weight gain during the first two years of life than boys with early adrenarche and later gonadarche. In other words, girls with early thelarche are more likely to be triggered by early accumulation of fat mass than those with early adrenarche.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of Daine-35 on serum hormone and antral follicle count of different subtypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 138 cases of PCOS were recruited and typed according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria;78 cases of tubal infertility without hyperandrogenism and menstrual disorders during the same period were collected as control. Serum reproductive hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), total testosterone (TT) and fast insulin (INS) were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Ovarian antral follicle count was determined by ultrasonography. The effects on above indexes were evaluated for different subtypes of PCOS after 3 cycles of treatment with Daine-35. Results: The cases of Type A and Type B were respectively 43 (31.2%) and 73 (52.9%). They were the most common clinical phenotypes of PCOS in the central region ofChina. Total testosterone (TT) and DHEAS levels of Types A, C and D were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The LH, LH/FSH, INS and HOMA-IR levels in all types of PCOS were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Antral follicle counts of Types A, B and D were more than those of Type C and the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment with Daine-35 for 3 cycles, the serum TT levels of Types A, C and D decreased (p < 0.05). DHEAS values also decreased, but not significantly (p > 0.05). The serum LH and LH/FSH as well as the antral follicle count of all the PCOS types significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Type A and Type B are the most common clinical phenotypes of PCOS in the central region of China. Taking Daine-35 for 3 cycles can significantly reduce the serum androgen, serum LH, LH/FSH ratio, and antral follicle count of different PCOS types.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-048)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82241056,82470007,82100009)+4 种基金Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program(BRWEP2024W114060103)New Cornerstone Science Foundation,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2023-12M-2-001)State Key Laboratory Special Fund(2060204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300501)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0506200,2023ZD0506203).
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV)induces ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis,a form of lytic inflammatory cell death characterized by concurrent activation of the pyroptosis,necroptosis and apoptosis pathways.Ninjurin-1(NINJ1)is a recently identified mediator of plasma membrane rupture but functions diversely in different types of cell death.However,little is known about the role of NINJ1 in IAVinduced PANoptosis and viral pneumonia.Here,we report that IAV infection triggered an increase in the expression of NINJ1,which then oligomerized and mediated cell lysis in infected macrophages.The deficiency of NINJ1 prevented plasma membrane rupture and the release of DAMPs and IL-1βwithout affecting the progression of cell death.Activation of any single PANoptosis pathway was sufficient to trigger the oligomerization of NINJ1 and robust cell lysis.Accordingly,only when all PANoptosis pathways were concurrently blocked could the oligomerization of NINJ1,cell death,and cell rupture be prevented.Ablation of NINJ1 in vivo also alleviated IAV-induced lung injury and mortality.Furthermore,we revealed an association between NINJ1 upregulation and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Collectively,our findings indicate a pivotal role of NINJ1 in the immunopathology of IAV infection and its potential as a bioindicator of disease severity and prognosis in viral pneumonia and viral sepsis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[11332003]National Key R&D Program[2016YFC1102305]+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[106112016CDJXZ238802,106112017CDJZRPY0012 and 106112017CDJZRPY0021]Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,Chongqing University[CQKLBST-2016-004 and CQKLBST-2016-010]Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants and the Public Experiment Center of the State Bioindustrial Base(Chongqing)of China.
文摘Cardiovascular stent restenosis remains a major challenge in interventional treatment of cardiovascular occlusive disease.Although the changes in arterial mechanical environment due to stent implantation are the main causes of the initiation of restenosis and thrombosis,the mechanisms that cause this initiation are still not fully understood.In this article,we reviewed the studies on the issue of stent-induced alterations in arterial mechanical environment and discussed their roles in stent restenosis and late thrombosis from three aspects:(i)the interaction of the stent with host blood vessel,involve the response of vascular wall,the mechanism of mechanical signal transmission,the process of re-endothelialization and late thrombosis;(ii)the changes of hemodynamics in the lumen of the vascular segment and(iii)the changes of mechanical microenvironment within the vascular segment wall due to stent implantation.This review has summarized and analyzed current work in order to better solve the two main problems after stent implantation,namely in stent restenosis and late thrombosis,meanwhile propose the deficiencies of current work for future reference.
基金This study was financially supported by the Education Commission of Chongqing in China(Grant No.KJQN201800124 to Y.B.Deng and Grant No.CY170402 to C.D.Wang)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(Grant No.cstc2016jcyjA0220 to X.Jiang and Grant No.cstc2014jcyjA10024 to C.D.Wang)Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20125503120015 to C.D.Wang).
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the major cause of high mortality and disability rates worldwide.Pioglitazone is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPARγ)that can reduce inflammation following TBI.Clinically,neuroinflammation after TBI lacks effective treatment.Although there are many studies on PPARγin TBI animals,only few could be converted into clinical,since TBI mechanisms in humans and animals are not completely consistent.The present study,provided a potential theoretical basis and therapeutic target for neuroinflammation treatment after TBI.First,we detected interleukin-6(IL-6),nitric oxide(NO)and Caspase-3 in TBI clinical specimens,confirming a presence of a high expression of inflammatory factors.Western blot(WB),quantitative real-time PCR(qRTPCR)and immunohistochemistry(IHC)were used to detect PPARγ,IL-6,and p-NF-kB to identify the mechanisms of neuroinflammation.Then,in the rat TBI model,neurobehavioral and cerebral edema levels were investigated after intervention with pioglitazone(PPARγactivator)or T0070907(PPARγinhibitor),and PPARγ,IL-6 and p-NF-kB were detected again by qRT-PCR,WB and immunofluorescence(IF).The obtained results revealed that:1)increased expression of IL-6,NO and Caspase-3 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after TBI,and decreased PPARγin brain tissue;2)pioglitazone could improve neurobehavioral and reduce brain edema in rats after TBI;3)the protective effect of pioglitazone was achieved by activating PPARγand reducing NF-kB and IL-6.The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on TBI was mediated through the PPARγ/NF-kB/IL-6 pathway.
基金This study was partially supported by grants-in-aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11332003,31370949)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAI18B02)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2012CB619101)。
文摘It is not clear what effects of CD34-and CD133-specific antibody-coated stents have on reendothelialization and in-stent restenosis(ISR)at the early phase of vascular injury.This study aims at determining the capabilities of different coatings on stents(e.g.gelatin,anti-CD133 and anti-CD34 antibodies)to promote adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs).The in vitro study revealed that the adhesion force enabled the EPCs coated on glass slides to withstand flow-induced shear stress,so that allowing for the growth of the cells on the slides for 48 h.The in vivo experiment using a rabbit model in which the coated stents with different substrates were implanted showed that anti-CD34 and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents markedly reduced the intima area and restenosis than bare mental stents(BMS)and gelatin-coated stents.Compared with the anti-CD34 antibody-coated stents,the time of cells adhesion was longer and earlier present in the anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents have superiority in re-endothelialization and inhibition of ISR.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that anti-CD133 antibody as a stent coating for capturing EPCs is better than anti-CD34 antibody in promoting endothelialization and reducing ISR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41573103,41340037)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2017GSF16105,2018GGX102004,2018GSF117007)the Taishan Scholar Program(Grant No.ts201712045)of Shandong Province of China.
文摘In this work,an adsorbent,which we call MnPT,was prepared by combining MnO_(2),polyethylenimine and tannic acid,and exhibited efficient performance for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.The oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of MnPT might increase the enrichment of metal ions by complexation.The maximum adsorption capacities of MnPT for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were 121.5 and 790.2 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The surface complexation formation model was used to elucidate the physicochemical interplay in the process of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) co-adsorption on MnPT.Electrostatic force,solvation action,adsorbate-adsorbate lateral interaction,and complexation were involved in the spontaneous adsorption process.Physical electrostatic action was dominant in the initial stage,whereas chemical action was the driving force leading to adsorption equilibrium.It should be noted that after adsorption on the surface of MnPT,Cr(Ⅵ) reacted with some reducing functional groups(hydroxylamine-NH_(2))and was converted into Cr(Ⅲ).The adsorption capacity declined by 12% after recycling five times.Understanding the adsorption mechanism might provide a technical basis for the procedural design of heavy metal adsorbents.This MnPT nanocomposite has been proven to be a low-cost,efficient,and promising adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFB0702501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872096,11472031).
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Although the incidence of CVD in women is usually lower than in men,women have a higher mortality and worse prognosis after acute cardiovascular events.These gender differences exist in various CVDs,including coronary heart disease,stroke,heart failure and aortic diseases.These gender differences have caused widespread concerns and the consideration of gender differences is of great importance for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment and management of CVD.This review aims to provide an overview of gender-related differences in several typical CVDs and to list and to analyze the possible causes associated with the differences,in order to highlight the necessity of taking into account gender differences in determination of the cardiovascular risk profile.Future research can focus on how to define and add gender-related indicators to current risk assessment and management strategies.
文摘Background Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and influenza.Nonetheless,with COVID-19 restrictions lifted,an unanticipated outbreak of the influ-enza B/Nictoria virus in late 2021 and another influenza H3N2 outbreak in mid-2022 occurred in Guangdong,southern China.The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown.To better prepare for potential influenza out-breaks during COVID-19 pandemic,we studied the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of influenza A(H3N2)and BNictoria that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in this region.Methods From January 1,2018 to December 31,2022,we collected throat swabs from 173,401 patients in Guang-dong who had acute respiratory tract infections.Influenza viruses in the samples were tested using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction,followed by subtype identification and sequencing of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)genes.Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed on both genes from 403 samples.A rigorous molecular clock was aligned with the phylogenetic tree to measure the rate of viral evolution and the root-to-tip distance within strains in different years was assessed using regression curve models to determine the correlation.Results During the early period of COVID-19 control,various influenza viruses were nearly undetectable in respiratory specimens.When control measures were relaxed in January 2020,the influenza infection rate peaked at 4.94%(39/789)in December 2021,with the influenza B/Victoria accounting for 87.18%(34/39)of the total influenza cases.Six months later,the influenza infection rate again increased and peaked at 11.34%(255/2248)in June 2022;influenza A/H3N2 accounted for 94.51%(241/255)of the total influenza cases in autumn 2022.The diverse geographic distribution of HA genes of B/Nictoria and A/H3N2 had drastically reduced,and most strains originated from China.The rate of B/Victoria HA evolution(3.11×10^(-3),P<0.05)was 1.7 times faster than before the COVID-19 outbreak(1.80×10^(-3),P<0.05).Likewise,the H3N2 HA gene's evolution rate was 7.96×10^(-3)(P<0.05),which is 2.1 times faster than the strains'pre-COVID-19 evolution rate(3.81×10^(-3),P<0.05).Conclusions Despite the extraordinarily low detection rate of influenza infection,concealed influenza transmission may occur between individuals during strict COVID-19 control.This ultimately leads to the accumulation of viral mutations and accelerated evolution of H3N2 and BVictoria viruses.Monitoring the evolution of influenza may provide insights and alerts regarding potential epidemics in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China Grants-in-Aid(grant nos.11827803,31570947,11772036,31971244,11421202 and 61533016)the 111 Project(B13003).
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis and its functions practice in a dose-dependent manner in which too high and too low NO concentration may both induce the development of cardiovascular diseases,which indicates the balance between NO formation and scavenging is critical.Evidence presented over the last two decades has indicated hemoglobin(Hb)can affect NO dynamic equilibrium.The role of Hb was once thought to play in NO signaling as inhibiting NO transport,but now several mechanisms have found that Hb may preserve and even regulate NO activity.Despite the tremendous amount of work devoted to this field,major questions concerning precise mechanisms of NO activity preservation as well as if and how Hb creates NO activity remain unanswered.In this review,we discuss the role of hemoglobin in NO formation,transport and consumption.We also discuss how these mechanisms of the imbalance between NO and hemoglobin induce related diseases,which may serve as the basis for novel therapeutics.
基金supported by Grants-in-Aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870940,11772036,11572028,11421202)National Key Research and Development Program in China(No.2017YFB0702501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Although atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process,proteoglycans mediated lipoprotein(LDL)retention at the subendothelial space is a necessary and sufficient event in provoking lesion initiation.Proteoglycans(PGs)are usually composed of one core protein backbone with one or more glycosaminoglycan chains(GAGs)covalently linked,mainly include perlecan,biglycan,versican,and decorin.The interaction between LDL and proteoglycans is apparently mediated by the basic amino acids in apoB-100,the moiety of LDL,electrostatic interacting with the negatively charged GAGs(sulfate or carbohydrate groups)of proteoglycans or though some bridge molecules like sphingomyelinase(SMase)or lipoprotein lipase(LpL).In the later section,we collate the promising therapeutic approaches that have been proposed up to now,targeting LDL-PGs interaction.It should be concluded that previous studies on interaction between LDL and PGs mainly focused on perlecan,biglycan,decorin,and versican that all located in the extracellular matrix(ECM),future studies should pay more attention to the endothelial surface glycocalyx and its interaction with LDLs,seeking promising therapeutic targets more specifically.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant no.2020YFC0862900,2020YFC0862902,2020YFC0862904 and 2020YFC0122203)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant no.Z201100007920003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32071311)Key R&D project of Shanxi Province(Grant no.201903D321149).
文摘Thrombosis is one of the main complications in patients implanted with ventricular assist device(VAD).The complicated structure and disturbed flow field within failure heart and blood pump play an important role in thrombosis formation.In this study,the influence of Left ventricular(LV)volumes on flow field contributing to thrombosis formation within failure heart and VAD was investigated.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)methods were employed to investigate the effect of different LV volumes on the thrombogenic potential of failure heart and VAD.Lagrangian methods were utilized to obtain information on platelet voyage trajectories.The concepts of mean and threshold of stress accumulation and residence time were introduced to accurately assess the likelihood of thrombus.Eulerian methods were used to identify thrombus-prone locations.CFD results showed that residence time(RT)was the main cause of thrombus formation in the failure heart,and the percentage of platelet trajectories above the RT threshold increased significantly with increasing LV volume.The RT in the left atrial appendage and LV increased significantly with LV volume increasing,which indicated that thrombus is prone to form there.Compared with the failure heart,non-physiological shear stress(NPSS)-caused platelet activation is the main reason for thrombus formation within VAD.The narrow zones(top clearance and secondary flow passage)within VAD have a high incidence of thrombus generation.In VAD patients,the LV volume has an important impact on thrombosis probability within failure heart,in which the larger size of the LV volume is,the higher risk of thrombosis will be.The size of LV volume has little effect on the thrombosis formation probability of VAD,where the NPSS plays the leading role in thrombosis formation.The finding of this study can be utilized to guild the clinical treatment and VAD structure optimization design for reducing the thrombosis risk.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFB0702501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872096,11772036,31870940),the “111” Project(B13003).
文摘Flow diverter intervention is a cutting-edge treatment for intracranial aneurysms by altering the flow field and reducing the pressure in the aneurysm sac.However,the rupture rate and complications rate are still high.In this study,a new design of flow diverter based on Bernoulli’s equation was proposed and hemodynamics evaluation of it was conducted.The numerical model of a patient specific internal carotid aneurysm was established based on computed tomography scan images(Model C).The aneurysm models with normal diverter(ND)and local stenosed diverter(LSD)were modified from the patient-specific model.The blood flow characteristics were obtained and analyzed by numerical simulation while the in vitro experiments were conducted using three-dimensional printed silicone models and pressure measurement system.In both ND and LSD models,the blood flow into the aneurysm have been significantly blocked by the diverters and the pressure in the aneurysm sac have been decreased.The pressure drop and the wall shear stress on the aneurysm wall in the LSD model are higher than that in the ND model.The oscillatory shear index and relative residence time in the aneurysm wall of LSD are lower than that in the ND model.The pressure measurement in the vitro experiment also qualitatively verified the results of pressure comparison in the numerical simulation.In conclusion,the simulation results and in vitro experiments verified that diverter can certainly reduce the pressure in the aneurysm,and the newly design diverter with local stenosis can strengthening this effect.
基金funded by the startup funds of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering(No.2916008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872096).
文摘Ventricular assist devices(VADs)have been used for treating the end-stage heart failure(HF)patients in the past few decades,which had improved survival rates.In parallel,clinical applications of VADs are accompanied with endangered complications,such as thrombosis,bleeding and infection,which hamper the patient recovery.Nonphysiological shear stress(NPSS)is inevitably created during VAD application.When HF patients implanted with VADs,this high level NPSS can induce damage on blood components including blood cells(red blood cells,platelets,leukocytes et al.)and protein(von Willebrand Factor(VWF)).The damage of these blood cells and proteins may lead to the dysfunction of coagulation and immune systems,contributing to complications in VAD patients.To understand how VADs-created NPSS induces blood damage,and find the link between NPSS-induced blood damage and VAD related complications would potentially help to guide the VAD optimization and to find the effect way for treating VAD associated complications.Here we provide a review to investigate what is currently known about NPSS-induced blood damage within VADs and how the NPSS-induced blood damage links to complications(thrombosis,bleeding and infection)in VAD patients.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2600705)the Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(Grant No.SRPG22-007)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR,China(005/2022/ALC and 0045/2021/A)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.2022B01W0003 and Grant No.202102100003)the Macao University of Science and Technology(Grant FRG-20-021-MISE).
文摘Introduction:The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)demonstrates increased transmissibility compared to earlier strains,contributing to a significant number of fatalities in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR),China.Adequate medical resources and medications are essential in mitigating these deaths.This study evaluates the effects of supplementary resources from the Chinese mainland during the fifth wave of the pandemic in HKSAR.Methods:Vector autoregression(VAR)was employed to analyze data from the Oxford coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)Government Response Tracker to assess the effectiveness of control measures during five waves of the pandemic in HKSAR.Additionally,a transmission dynamics model was created to investigate the influence of supplementary medical resources from the Chinese mainland and oral medications on mortality.Results:In the initial four waves,workplace closures,restrictions on public events,international travel bans,and shielding the elderly significantly influenced pandemic management.Contrarily,during the fifth wave,these measures showed no notable effects.When comparing a situation without extra medical resources or COVID-19 oral medication,there was a 17.7%decrease in COVID-19 fatalities with mainland medical resources and an additional 10.2%reduction with oral medications.Together,they contributed to a 26.6%decline in fatalities.Discussion:With the rapid spread of the virus,regional reallocation of medical resources may reduce mortality even when the local healthcare system is overstretched.
