0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital ...0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),has been extensively utilized in morphotectonic analyses(e.g.,Wang et al.,2024;Cheng et al.,2018;Pérez-Pe?a et al.,2010;El Hamdouni et al.,2008).展开更多
Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of ...Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.展开更多
Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to...Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to encompass broader considerations such as ecosystem stability, community resilience to climate change, and enhancement of human well-being. Given these multifaceted objectives, it is imperative to judiciously allocate resources to effectively conserve biodiversity by identifying strategically significant areas for conservation, particularly for mountainous areas. In this study, we evaluated the representativeness of the protected area network in the Qin ling Mountains concerning species diversity, ecosystem services, climate stability and ecological stability. The results indicate that some of the ecological indicators are spatially correlated with topographic gradient effects. The conservation priority areas predominantly lie in the northern foothills, the southeastern, and southwestern parts of the Qinling Mountain with areas concentrated at altitudes between 1,500-2,000 m and slopes between 40°-50° as hotspots. The conservation priority areas identified through the framework of inclusive conservation optimization account for 22.9 % of the Qinling Mountain. Existing protected areas comprise only 6.1 % of the Qinling Mountain and 13.18 % of the conservation priority areas. This will play an important role in achiev ing sustainable development in the region and in meeting the post-2020 biodiversity target. The framework can advance the different objectives of achieving a quadruple win and can also be extended to other regions.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional gene silencing.In plants,numerous miRNAs have been demonstrated to be regulated under drought-induced stress.However,t...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional gene silencing.In plants,numerous miRNAs have been demonstrated to be regulated under drought-induced stress.However,the role of miRNAs in drought regulation remains unclear in potato.In this work,the function of stu-miR159a was investigated in responding to drought stress in potato.Upon examination,StGAMyb-like1 was identified as the target gene for stu-miR159a.Overexpression of stu-miR159a(stu-miR159a OE plants) increased sensitivity to drought,interference with stu-miR159a activity by target mimics(stu-miR159a ST plants) resulted in drought resistance.During drought treatment,the target gene StGAMyb-like1 showed increased activation in stu-miR159a ST plants compared to non-transgenic plants.In contrast,drought stress induced weaker activation of the target gene in stu-miR159a OE plants.In stu-miR159a ST plants,the expression of critical genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway(StF3'5'H,StF3'H and StCHS2)was increased by decreasing stu-miR159a activity and simultaneously increasing that of StGAMyb-like1.Meanwhile,with drought treatment,stu-miR159a ST plants exhibited higher anthocyanin accumulation than non-transgenic ones,indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved drought tolerance.The above data support that stu-miR159a is a negative regulator of drought stress and provide new insights into the stu-miR159a-mediated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in controlling drought tolerance in potato.展开更多
Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To dat...Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To date,few studies have investigated risk factors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease,especially in developing countries.This study aimed to explore the risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stay after pediatric cardiac surgery to improve care planning and resource management.Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical repair at our single center from January 2021 to December 2022.We analyzed 44 potential risk factors across pre-operative,intra-operative,and post-operative variables using logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.Results Prolonged intensive care unit stay was defined as≥95th percentile(≥12 d).Of the 4348 patients studied,246 experienced prolonged intensive care unit stay or hospital death after surgery were categorized as Group 1,while 4102 patients without prolonged stay or hospital death after surgery were designated as Group 2.Multivariable analysis identified 14 independent risk factors:age,pre-operative data cystatin C,palliative procedure,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass,lactic acid at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,postoperative arrhythmia,renal replacement therapy,re-operation,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,re-intubation,central venous pressure 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,volume of chest tube drainage 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,vasoactive-inotropic score on post-operative day 1,left ventricular ejection fraction on post-operative day 1.Conclusions This study identified 14 risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays after pediatric cardiac surgery.These findings can help identify at-risk patients for targeted interventions to reduce intensive care unit duration and associated costs.展开更多
Objective:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the chemosensitizing capacity of auranofin(AF),a gold(I)complex traditionally used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment,in potentiating the cytotoxic effects o...Objective:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the chemosensitizing capacity of auranofin(AF),a gold(I)complex traditionally used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment,in potentiating the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin(DOX)in melanoma cell models,specifically drug-sensitive(B16F10)and multidrug-resistant(B16F10/ADR)variants.Methods:Experimental measurements,including in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays,surface plasmon resonance(SPR),immunoblotting assays,as well as theoretical calculations,such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,were used to systematically delineate the interaction dynamics between AF and thioredoxin reductase 1(TrxR1).The anti-tumor efficacy of co-treatment with AF and DOX was assessed by examining cell viability and apoptotic rates.Results:Co-treatment with AF and DOX significantly increased anti-tumor efficacy,as evidenced by reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic rates.This synergistic effect was attributed to inhibition of TrxR1 by AF,which compromised tumor cell antioxidant defenses and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),thereby enhancing apoptotic pathways.Notably,AF treatment mitigated the heightened TrxR activity in DOX-resistant cells,intensifying the pro-oxidant effects of DOX,leading to increased ROS production and cell death.The data also showed that AF binds with high affinity to the selenocysteine residue within the catalytic site of TrxR1,which partially overlapped with the binding site of the endogenous substrate,thioredoxin(Trx),but with greater avidity.This unique binding configuration impedes the reduction of Trx by TrxR1,triggering an apoptotic response in cancer cells.Conclusions:This study underscores the chemosensitizing potential of AF in overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer therapy through redox modulation.The molecular mechanism of action underlying AF on TrxR1 demonstrated the unique binding configuration that impedes the reduction of Trx by TrxR1 and instigates an apoptotic response in cancer cells.These findings pave the way for the clinical application of AF as a chemosensitizer,offering a novel approach to augment the efficacy of existing chemotherapy regimens.展开更多
High-performance flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in fields such as wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.However,the development of flexible pressure sensors that simultaneous...High-performance flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in fields such as wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.However,the development of flexible pressure sensors that simultaneously achieve high sensitivity,a wide detection range,and good mechanical stability remains a challenge.In this paper,we propose a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(MXene)/polyethylene oxide(PEO)composite nanofiber membrane(CNM).The sensor,utilizing MXene(0.4 wt%)/PEO(5 wt%),exhibits high sensitivity(44.34 kPa^(−1)at 0−50 kPa,12.99 kPa^(−1)at 50−500 kPa)and can reliably monitor physiological signals and other subtle cues.Moreover,the sensor features a wide detection range(0−500 kPa),fast response and recovery time(~150/45 ms),and excellent mechanical stability(over 10000 pressure cycles at maximum load).Through an MXene/PEO sensor array,we demonstrate its applications in human physiological signal monitoring,providing a reliable way to expand the application of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors.展开更多
The majority of current deepfake detection methods are constrained to identifying one or two specific types of counterfeit images,which limits their ability to keep pace with the rapid advancements in deepfake technol...The majority of current deepfake detection methods are constrained to identifying one or two specific types of counterfeit images,which limits their ability to keep pace with the rapid advancements in deepfake technology.Therefore,in this study,we propose a novel algorithm,StereoMixture Density Network(SMNDNet),which can detect multiple types of deepfake face manipulations using a single network framework.SMNDNet is an end-to-end CNNbased network specially designed for detecting various manipulation types of deepfake face images.First,we design a Subtle Distinguishable Feature Enhancement Module to emphasize the differentiation between authentic and forged features.Second,we introduce aMulti-Scale Forged Region AdaptiveModule that dynamically adapts to extract forged features from images of varying synthesis scales.Third,we integrate a Nonlinear Expression Capability Enhancement Module to augment the model’s capacity for capturing intricate nonlinear patterns across various types of deepfakes.Collectively,these modules empower our model to efficiently extract forgery features fromdiverse manipulation types,ensuring a more satisfactory performance in multiple-types deepfake detection.Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms alternative approaches in detection accuracy and AUC across all four types of deepfake images.It also demonstrates strong generalization on cross-dataset and cross-type detection,along with robust performance against post-processing manipulations.展开更多
Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ...Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ring.To investigate the dynamic response of the human target under combined shock waves and particle swarms loading,a physical human surrogate torso model(HSTM)was developed,and the dynamic response test experiment was conducted under the combined loading.The effects of particle size on the loading parameters,the damage patterns of the ballistic plate and HSTM,and the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM with and without protection are mainly analyzed.Our findings revealed that particle swarms can effectively delay the shock wave attenuation,especially the best effect when the particle size was 0.28–0.45 mm.The ballistic plate mainly exhibited dense perforation of the outer fabric and impacted crater damage of ceramic plates,whereas the unprotected HSTM was mainly dominated by high-density and small-size ballistic cavity group damage.The peak values of the dynamic response parameters for the HSTM under combined loading were significantly larger than those under bare charge loading,with multiple peaks observed.Under unprotected conditions,the peak acceleration of skeletons and peak pressure of organs increased with the particle size.Under protected conditions,the particle size,the number of particles hit,and the fit of the ballistic plate to the HSTM together affected the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM.展开更多
Post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation,which is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption.Brain microvascular endothelial cells are a major component of the bloo...Post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation,which is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption.Brain microvascular endothelial cells are a major component of the blood-brain barrier.Intercellular mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a novel paradigm for repairing cells with mitochondrial dysfunction.In this study,we first investigated whether mitochondrial transfer exists between brain microvascular endothelial cells,and then investigated the effects of post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia on mitochondrial transfer between brain microvascular endothelial cells.We found that healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells can transfer intact mitochondria to oxygen glucose deprivation-injured brain microvascular endothelial cells.However,post-oxygen glucose deprivation hyperglycemia hindered mitochondrial transfer and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction.We established an in vitro brain microvascular endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier.We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia reduced the overall energy metabolism levels of brain microvascular endothelial cells and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.In a clinical study,we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia and the severity of hemorrhagic transformation.We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia serves as an independent predictor of severe hemorrhagic transformation.These findings suggest that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia can aggravate disruption of the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting mitochondrial transfer.展开更多
Cultural relics have their unique artistic, cultural and historical value, and the protection of important cultural relics is conducive to the inheritance of historical culture. As a kind of cementing agent and binder...Cultural relics have their unique artistic, cultural and historical value, and the protection of important cultural relics is conducive to the inheritance of historical culture. As a kind of cementing agent and binder commonly seen in cultural relics protection, epoxy resin is widely used in the bonding and consolidation of various materials in cultural relics, which has important practical application value. In this review, a systematic classification of commonly used epoxy resins, including their molecular structures, synthesis reactions and properties are provided, the problems and solutions of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection are summarized. The solutions are classified into three aspects: functional epoxy resin, blending modification, and other modification. Representative application examples of epoxy resin are listed in the field of cultural relics protection, and the development direction of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection in the future is proposed, which provides useful guidance for the modification of epoxy resin and its application in cultural relics protection in the future.展开更多
When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ...When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ferromagnetic materials,thereby posing challenges in accurately determining the number of layers.To address this issue,this research proposes a layer counting method for penetration fuze that incorporates multi-source information fusion,utilizing both the temporal convolutional network(TCN)and the long short-term memory(LSTM)recurrent network.By leveraging the strengths of these two network structures,the method extracts temporal and high-dimensional features from the multi-source physical field during the penetration process,establishing a relationship between the multi-source physical field and the distance between the fuze and the target plate.A simulation model is developed to simulate the overload and magnetic field of a projectile penetrating multiple layers of target plates,capturing the multi-source physical field signals and their patterns during the penetration process.The analysis reveals that the proposed multi-source fusion layer counting method reduces errors by 60% and 50% compared to single overload layer counting and single magnetic anomaly signal layer counting,respectively.The model's predictive performance is evaluated under various operating conditions,including different ratios of added noise to random sample positions,penetration speeds,and spacing between target plates.The maximum errors in fuze penetration time predicted by the three modes are 0.08 ms,0.12 ms,and 0.16 ms,respectively,confirming the robustness of the proposed model.Moreover,the model's predictions indicate that the fitting degree for large interlayer spacings is superior to that for small interlayer spacings due to the influence of stress waves.展开更多
Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging.During the aging process,the skin’s barrier function diminishes,its water content decreases,wrinkles begin to form,and changes occur in th...Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging.During the aging process,the skin’s barrier function diminishes,its water content decreases,wrinkles begin to form,and changes occur in the gut microbiota composition.However,the relationship between gut microbiota and skin aging remains unclear.In this study,we explored skin rejuvenation in aged mice through fecal microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)using feces from young mice.The results demonstrated enhanced water retention,thick-ened stratum corneum,increased collagen content,and improved epithelial cell differentiation in aged mice following FMT.Notably,FMT particularly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in aged mice,which were nearly undetectable in untreated aged mice.Non-targeted and targeted meta-bolomics analyses indicated that FMT significantly elevated levels of tryptophan(Trp)and its microbiota metabolites(e.g.,indole-3-lactic acid(ILA))in the feces and serum of aged mice.Both Trp and ILA appeared to rejuvenate aged skin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)to promote epidermal cell dif-ferentiation.In conclusion,FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged skin via Trp-metabolizing bacteria(Lactobacillus and Lactococcus)and Trp-derived metabolites,suggesting that interventions targeting Trp metabolites may effectively improve skin aging.展开更多
In this study,a latent heat nudging lightning data assimilation(LDA)method independent of the flash rate was developed and tested with data from the Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)onboard the Feng-Yun-4A(FY-4A)satellite...In this study,a latent heat nudging lightning data assimilation(LDA)method independent of the flash rate was developed and tested with data from the Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)onboard the Feng-Yun-4A(FY-4A)satellite based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model.In this LDA method,the positive temperature perturbations at the lightning location are first calculated by the difference between the moist adiabatic temperature of a lifted air parcel and the model temperature.The positive temperature perturbations in the mixed-phase region are then assimilated by a nudging method to adjust the latent heat within the convective system.Meanwhile,the water vapor mixing ratio is adapted to the temperature perturbations accordingly to constrain the relative humidity to remain unchanged.This method considers the physical nature of the convective system,in contrast with other LDA methods that establish an empirical or statistical relationship between the lightning flash rates and model variables.The impact of this LDA method on short-term(≤6 h)forecasts was evaluated using two severe convective events in eastern China:a multi-region heavy rainfall event and a thunderstorm high-wind event.The results showed that LDA could add thermodynamic information associated with the convective system to the WRF model during the nudging period,leading to a more reasonable storm environment.In the forecast fields,the simulations with LDA produced more realistic convective structures,resulting in an improvement in forecasts of precipitation and high winds.展开更多
In the realm of data privacy protection,federated learning aims to collaboratively train a global model.However,heterogeneous data between clients presents challenges,often resulting in slow convergence and inadequate...In the realm of data privacy protection,federated learning aims to collaboratively train a global model.However,heterogeneous data between clients presents challenges,often resulting in slow convergence and inadequate accuracy of the global model.Utilizing shared feature representations alongside customized classifiers for individual clients emerges as a promising personalized solution.Nonetheless,previous research has frequently neglected the integration of global knowledge into local representation learning and the synergy between global and local classifiers,thereby limiting model performance.To tackle these issues,this study proposes a hierarchical optimization method for federated learning with feature alignment and the fusion of classification decisions(FedFCD).FedFCD regularizes the relationship between global and local feature representations to achieve alignment and incorporates decision information from the global classifier,facilitating the late fusion of decision outputs from both global and local classifiers.Additionally,FedFCD employs a hierarchical optimization strategy to flexibly optimize model parameters.Through experiments on the Fashion-MNIST,CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets,we demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of FedFCD.For instance,on the CIFAR-100 dataset,FedFCD exhibited a significant improvement in average test accuracy by 6.83%compared to four outstanding personalized federated learning approaches.Furthermore,extended experiments confirm the robustness of FedFCD across various hyperparameter values.展开更多
Objective:Pulmonary hypertension is a crucial factor affecting the recovery after Glenn procedure.This study explores the effects of intravenous treprostinil on hemodynamic status and hospital postoperative recovery u...Objective:Pulmonary hypertension is a crucial factor affecting the recovery after Glenn procedure.This study explores the effects of intravenous treprostinil on hemodynamic status and hospital postoperative recovery under different administration strategies.Methods:We retrospectively included pediatric patients admitted to Fuwai Hospital from 2019 to 2022 who underwent the Glenn procedure and had intraoperative measurements of mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)>15 mmHg postoperatively.Patients with non-anatomical single ventricle physiology undergoing the Glenn procedure and those requiring postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were excluded.Due to the standardized use of treprostinil in our center starting in 2021,patients from 2019–2020 were included in Group 1,and patients from 2021–2022 were included in Group 2.The changes in hemodynamic data before and after medication for both groups of patients,as well as the differences in postoperative recovery,were compared.Results:Twenty-eight patients were eventually enrolled in the study.Group 1 consisted of 14 cases,with a maintenance dose of 11±2 ng/(kg·min)1 to 2 days postoperatively.Group 2 also consisted of 14 cases,with a maintenance dose of 26±7 ng/(kg·min)1 day postoperatively.After a 24-h observation period,the mPAP decreased from 17±3 to 13±3 mmHg(p<0.001)in the first group and decreased from 18±3 to 13±3 mmHg(p<0.001)in the second group.The vasoactive-inotropic score in the first group decreased from 9(6,17)to 6(4,9)(p=0.001)and decreased from 12(6,23)to 10(3,15)(p=0.002)in the second group.Group 2 patients had a shorter postoperative hospital stay than Group 1,with durations of 18(11,22)days and 29(19,47)days,respectively(p=0.021).No severe adverse reactions occurred in all patients.Conclusion:Intravenous infusion of treprostinil in high-risk patients after the Glenn procedure can decrease pulmonary artery pressure,reduce vasoactive-inotropic score,and demonstrate satisfactory drug tolerance without severe adverse reactions.Standardized use of treprostinil facilitates postoperative recovery and shortens postoperative length of stay.展开更多
Depth estimation is an important task in computer vision.Collecting data at scale for monocular depth estimation is challenging,as this task requires simultaneously capturing RGB images and depth information.Therefore...Depth estimation is an important task in computer vision.Collecting data at scale for monocular depth estimation is challenging,as this task requires simultaneously capturing RGB images and depth information.Therefore,data augmentation is crucial for this task.Existing data augmentationmethods often employ pixel-wise transformations,whichmay inadvertently disrupt edge features.In this paper,we propose a data augmentationmethod formonocular depth estimation,which we refer to as the Perpendicular-Cutdepth method.This method involves cutting realworld depth maps along perpendicular directions and pasting them onto input images,thereby diversifying the data without compromising edge features.To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,we compared it with existing convolutional neural network(CNN)against the current mainstream data augmentation algorithms.Additionally,to verify the algorithm’s applicability to Transformer networks,we designed an encoder-decoder network structure based on Transformer to assess the generalization of our proposed algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that,in the field of monocular depth estimation,our proposed method,Perpendicular-Cutdepth,outperforms traditional data augmentationmethods.On the indoor dataset NYU,our method increases accuracy from0.900 to 0.907 and reduces the error rate from0.357 to 0.351.On the outdoor dataset KITTI,our method improves accuracy from 0.9638 to 0.9642 and decreases the error rate from 0.060 to 0.0598.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2023YFC3007303)the Open Research Project of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing(No.KLIGIP-2019B08)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),has been extensively utilized in morphotectonic analyses(e.g.,Wang et al.,2024;Cheng et al.,2018;Pérez-Pe?a et al.,2010;El Hamdouni et al.,2008).
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(2021-02-08-00-12-F00792)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(3201101910).
文摘Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.72349002).
文摘Establishing and maintaining protected areas is a pivotal strategy for attaining the post-2020 biodiversity target. The conservation objectives of protected areas have shifted from a narrow emphasis on biodiversity to encompass broader considerations such as ecosystem stability, community resilience to climate change, and enhancement of human well-being. Given these multifaceted objectives, it is imperative to judiciously allocate resources to effectively conserve biodiversity by identifying strategically significant areas for conservation, particularly for mountainous areas. In this study, we evaluated the representativeness of the protected area network in the Qin ling Mountains concerning species diversity, ecosystem services, climate stability and ecological stability. The results indicate that some of the ecological indicators are spatially correlated with topographic gradient effects. The conservation priority areas predominantly lie in the northern foothills, the southeastern, and southwestern parts of the Qinling Mountain with areas concentrated at altitudes between 1,500-2,000 m and slopes between 40°-50° as hotspots. The conservation priority areas identified through the framework of inclusive conservation optimization account for 22.9 % of the Qinling Mountain. Existing protected areas comprise only 6.1 % of the Qinling Mountain and 13.18 % of the conservation priority areas. This will play an important role in achiev ing sustainable development in the region and in meeting the post-2020 biodiversity target. The framework can advance the different objectives of achieving a quadruple win and can also be extended to other regions.
基金supported by the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.22ZD6NA009)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.22JR5RA832)+1 种基金the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.23ZDNA006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31860399).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional gene silencing.In plants,numerous miRNAs have been demonstrated to be regulated under drought-induced stress.However,the role of miRNAs in drought regulation remains unclear in potato.In this work,the function of stu-miR159a was investigated in responding to drought stress in potato.Upon examination,StGAMyb-like1 was identified as the target gene for stu-miR159a.Overexpression of stu-miR159a(stu-miR159a OE plants) increased sensitivity to drought,interference with stu-miR159a activity by target mimics(stu-miR159a ST plants) resulted in drought resistance.During drought treatment,the target gene StGAMyb-like1 showed increased activation in stu-miR159a ST plants compared to non-transgenic plants.In contrast,drought stress induced weaker activation of the target gene in stu-miR159a OE plants.In stu-miR159a ST plants,the expression of critical genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway(StF3'5'H,StF3'H and StCHS2)was increased by decreasing stu-miR159a activity and simultaneously increasing that of StGAMyb-like1.Meanwhile,with drought treatment,stu-miR159a ST plants exhibited higher anthocyanin accumulation than non-transgenic ones,indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved drought tolerance.The above data support that stu-miR159a is a negative regulator of drought stress and provide new insights into the stu-miR159a-mediated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in controlling drought tolerance in potato.
基金supported by the Artificial Intelligence and Information Application Foundation of Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2024-AI17)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2025-GSP-QN-7).
文摘Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To date,few studies have investigated risk factors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease,especially in developing countries.This study aimed to explore the risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stay after pediatric cardiac surgery to improve care planning and resource management.Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical repair at our single center from January 2021 to December 2022.We analyzed 44 potential risk factors across pre-operative,intra-operative,and post-operative variables using logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.Results Prolonged intensive care unit stay was defined as≥95th percentile(≥12 d).Of the 4348 patients studied,246 experienced prolonged intensive care unit stay or hospital death after surgery were categorized as Group 1,while 4102 patients without prolonged stay or hospital death after surgery were designated as Group 2.Multivariable analysis identified 14 independent risk factors:age,pre-operative data cystatin C,palliative procedure,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass,lactic acid at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,postoperative arrhythmia,renal replacement therapy,re-operation,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,re-intubation,central venous pressure 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,volume of chest tube drainage 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,vasoactive-inotropic score on post-operative day 1,left ventricular ejection fraction on post-operative day 1.Conclusions This study identified 14 risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays after pediatric cardiac surgery.These findings can help identify at-risk patients for targeted interventions to reduce intensive care unit duration and associated costs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82261138630,32171390,and 32201154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2023B1515020104 and 2024A1515011244).
文摘Objective:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the chemosensitizing capacity of auranofin(AF),a gold(I)complex traditionally used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment,in potentiating the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin(DOX)in melanoma cell models,specifically drug-sensitive(B16F10)and multidrug-resistant(B16F10/ADR)variants.Methods:Experimental measurements,including in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays,surface plasmon resonance(SPR),immunoblotting assays,as well as theoretical calculations,such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,were used to systematically delineate the interaction dynamics between AF and thioredoxin reductase 1(TrxR1).The anti-tumor efficacy of co-treatment with AF and DOX was assessed by examining cell viability and apoptotic rates.Results:Co-treatment with AF and DOX significantly increased anti-tumor efficacy,as evidenced by reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic rates.This synergistic effect was attributed to inhibition of TrxR1 by AF,which compromised tumor cell antioxidant defenses and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),thereby enhancing apoptotic pathways.Notably,AF treatment mitigated the heightened TrxR activity in DOX-resistant cells,intensifying the pro-oxidant effects of DOX,leading to increased ROS production and cell death.The data also showed that AF binds with high affinity to the selenocysteine residue within the catalytic site of TrxR1,which partially overlapped with the binding site of the endogenous substrate,thioredoxin(Trx),but with greater avidity.This unique binding configuration impedes the reduction of Trx by TrxR1,triggering an apoptotic response in cancer cells.Conclusions:This study underscores the chemosensitizing potential of AF in overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer therapy through redox modulation.The molecular mechanism of action underlying AF on TrxR1 demonstrated the unique binding configuration that impedes the reduction of Trx by TrxR1 and instigates an apoptotic response in cancer cells.These findings pave the way for the clinical application of AF as a chemosensitizer,offering a novel approach to augment the efficacy of existing chemotherapy regimens.
基金support from Beijing Natural Science Foundation−Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(Grant No.L233009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant Nos.62422409,62174152 and 62374159)from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020115).
文摘High-performance flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in fields such as wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.However,the development of flexible pressure sensors that simultaneously achieve high sensitivity,a wide detection range,and good mechanical stability remains a challenge.In this paper,we propose a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx(MXene)/polyethylene oxide(PEO)composite nanofiber membrane(CNM).The sensor,utilizing MXene(0.4 wt%)/PEO(5 wt%),exhibits high sensitivity(44.34 kPa^(−1)at 0−50 kPa,12.99 kPa^(−1)at 50−500 kPa)and can reliably monitor physiological signals and other subtle cues.Moreover,the sensor features a wide detection range(0−500 kPa),fast response and recovery time(~150/45 ms),and excellent mechanical stability(over 10000 pressure cycles at maximum load).Through an MXene/PEO sensor array,we demonstrate its applications in human physiological signal monitoring,providing a reliable way to expand the application of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62376212)the Shaanxi Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022GY-087)supported by the Open Fund of Intelligent Control Laboratory.
文摘The majority of current deepfake detection methods are constrained to identifying one or two specific types of counterfeit images,which limits their ability to keep pace with the rapid advancements in deepfake technology.Therefore,in this study,we propose a novel algorithm,StereoMixture Density Network(SMNDNet),which can detect multiple types of deepfake face manipulations using a single network framework.SMNDNet is an end-to-end CNNbased network specially designed for detecting various manipulation types of deepfake face images.First,we design a Subtle Distinguishable Feature Enhancement Module to emphasize the differentiation between authentic and forged features.Second,we introduce aMulti-Scale Forged Region AdaptiveModule that dynamically adapts to extract forged features from images of varying synthesis scales.Third,we integrate a Nonlinear Expression Capability Enhancement Module to augment the model’s capacity for capturing intricate nonlinear patterns across various types of deepfakes.Collectively,these modules empower our model to efficiently extract forgery features fromdiverse manipulation types,ensuring a more satisfactory performance in multiple-types deepfake detection.Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms alternative approaches in detection accuracy and AUC across all four types of deepfake images.It also demonstrates strong generalization on cross-dataset and cross-type detection,along with robust performance against post-processing manipulations.
文摘Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms,where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ring.To investigate the dynamic response of the human target under combined shock waves and particle swarms loading,a physical human surrogate torso model(HSTM)was developed,and the dynamic response test experiment was conducted under the combined loading.The effects of particle size on the loading parameters,the damage patterns of the ballistic plate and HSTM,and the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM with and without protection are mainly analyzed.Our findings revealed that particle swarms can effectively delay the shock wave attenuation,especially the best effect when the particle size was 0.28–0.45 mm.The ballistic plate mainly exhibited dense perforation of the outer fabric and impacted crater damage of ceramic plates,whereas the unprotected HSTM was mainly dominated by high-density and small-size ballistic cavity group damage.The peak values of the dynamic response parameters for the HSTM under combined loading were significantly larger than those under bare charge loading,with multiple peaks observed.Under unprotected conditions,the peak acceleration of skeletons and peak pressure of organs increased with the particle size.Under protected conditions,the particle size,the number of particles hit,and the fit of the ballistic plate to the HSTM together affected the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM.
基金supported by the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program,No.2022S023(to JY)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation,No.2022J211(to JS)+2 种基金Ningbo Medical and Health Brand Discipline,No.PPXK2018-04(to XG)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022020304(to XG)Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province,No.2022E10026(to YH)。
文摘Post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation,which is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption.Brain microvascular endothelial cells are a major component of the blood-brain barrier.Intercellular mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a novel paradigm for repairing cells with mitochondrial dysfunction.In this study,we first investigated whether mitochondrial transfer exists between brain microvascular endothelial cells,and then investigated the effects of post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia on mitochondrial transfer between brain microvascular endothelial cells.We found that healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells can transfer intact mitochondria to oxygen glucose deprivation-injured brain microvascular endothelial cells.However,post-oxygen glucose deprivation hyperglycemia hindered mitochondrial transfer and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction.We established an in vitro brain microvascular endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier.We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia reduced the overall energy metabolism levels of brain microvascular endothelial cells and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.In a clinical study,we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia and the severity of hemorrhagic transformation.We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia serves as an independent predictor of severe hemorrhagic transformation.These findings suggest that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia can aggravate disruption of the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting mitochondrial transfer.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52250710161)。
文摘Cultural relics have their unique artistic, cultural and historical value, and the protection of important cultural relics is conducive to the inheritance of historical culture. As a kind of cementing agent and binder commonly seen in cultural relics protection, epoxy resin is widely used in the bonding and consolidation of various materials in cultural relics, which has important practical application value. In this review, a systematic classification of commonly used epoxy resins, including their molecular structures, synthesis reactions and properties are provided, the problems and solutions of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection are summarized. The solutions are classified into three aspects: functional epoxy resin, blending modification, and other modification. Representative application examples of epoxy resin are listed in the field of cultural relics protection, and the development direction of epoxy resin in cultural relics protection in the future is proposed, which provides useful guidance for the modification of epoxy resin and its application in cultural relics protection in the future.
文摘When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ferromagnetic materials,thereby posing challenges in accurately determining the number of layers.To address this issue,this research proposes a layer counting method for penetration fuze that incorporates multi-source information fusion,utilizing both the temporal convolutional network(TCN)and the long short-term memory(LSTM)recurrent network.By leveraging the strengths of these two network structures,the method extracts temporal and high-dimensional features from the multi-source physical field during the penetration process,establishing a relationship between the multi-source physical field and the distance between the fuze and the target plate.A simulation model is developed to simulate the overload and magnetic field of a projectile penetrating multiple layers of target plates,capturing the multi-source physical field signals and their patterns during the penetration process.The analysis reveals that the proposed multi-source fusion layer counting method reduces errors by 60% and 50% compared to single overload layer counting and single magnetic anomaly signal layer counting,respectively.The model's predictive performance is evaluated under various operating conditions,including different ratios of added noise to random sample positions,penetration speeds,and spacing between target plates.The maximum errors in fuze penetration time predicted by the three modes are 0.08 ms,0.12 ms,and 0.16 ms,respectively,confirming the robustness of the proposed model.Moreover,the model's predictions indicate that the fitting degree for large interlayer spacings is superior to that for small interlayer spacings due to the influence of stress waves.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1600204 and 2023YFF1104500)the 111 project from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China 577(B18053).
文摘Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging.During the aging process,the skin’s barrier function diminishes,its water content decreases,wrinkles begin to form,and changes occur in the gut microbiota composition.However,the relationship between gut microbiota and skin aging remains unclear.In this study,we explored skin rejuvenation in aged mice through fecal microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)using feces from young mice.The results demonstrated enhanced water retention,thick-ened stratum corneum,increased collagen content,and improved epithelial cell differentiation in aged mice following FMT.Notably,FMT particularly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in aged mice,which were nearly undetectable in untreated aged mice.Non-targeted and targeted meta-bolomics analyses indicated that FMT significantly elevated levels of tryptophan(Trp)and its microbiota metabolites(e.g.,indole-3-lactic acid(ILA))in the feces and serum of aged mice.Both Trp and ILA appeared to rejuvenate aged skin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)to promote epidermal cell dif-ferentiation.In conclusion,FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged skin via Trp-metabolizing bacteria(Lactobacillus and Lactococcus)and Trp-derived metabolites,suggesting that interventions targeting Trp metabolites may effectively improve skin aging.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1501902)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(21ZR1457700).
文摘In this study,a latent heat nudging lightning data assimilation(LDA)method independent of the flash rate was developed and tested with data from the Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)onboard the Feng-Yun-4A(FY-4A)satellite based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model.In this LDA method,the positive temperature perturbations at the lightning location are first calculated by the difference between the moist adiabatic temperature of a lifted air parcel and the model temperature.The positive temperature perturbations in the mixed-phase region are then assimilated by a nudging method to adjust the latent heat within the convective system.Meanwhile,the water vapor mixing ratio is adapted to the temperature perturbations accordingly to constrain the relative humidity to remain unchanged.This method considers the physical nature of the convective system,in contrast with other LDA methods that establish an empirical or statistical relationship between the lightning flash rates and model variables.The impact of this LDA method on short-term(≤6 h)forecasts was evaluated using two severe convective events in eastern China:a multi-region heavy rainfall event and a thunderstorm high-wind event.The results showed that LDA could add thermodynamic information associated with the convective system to the WRF model during the nudging period,leading to a more reasonable storm environment.In the forecast fields,the simulations with LDA produced more realistic convective structures,resulting in an improvement in forecasts of precipitation and high winds.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62062001)Ningxia Youth Top Talent Project(2021).
文摘In the realm of data privacy protection,federated learning aims to collaboratively train a global model.However,heterogeneous data between clients presents challenges,often resulting in slow convergence and inadequate accuracy of the global model.Utilizing shared feature representations alongside customized classifiers for individual clients emerges as a promising personalized solution.Nonetheless,previous research has frequently neglected the integration of global knowledge into local representation learning and the synergy between global and local classifiers,thereby limiting model performance.To tackle these issues,this study proposes a hierarchical optimization method for federated learning with feature alignment and the fusion of classification decisions(FedFCD).FedFCD regularizes the relationship between global and local feature representations to achieve alignment and incorporates decision information from the global classifier,facilitating the late fusion of decision outputs from both global and local classifiers.Additionally,FedFCD employs a hierarchical optimization strategy to flexibly optimize model parameters.Through experiments on the Fashion-MNIST,CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets,we demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of FedFCD.For instance,on the CIFAR-100 dataset,FedFCD exhibited a significant improvement in average test accuracy by 6.83%compared to four outstanding personalized federated learning approaches.Furthermore,extended experiments confirm the robustness of FedFCD across various hyperparameter values.
基金supported by the Clinical Research Foundation of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China(grant numbers:2022-GSP-GG-32,2022-GSP-QN-13 and 2023-GSP-QN-5).
文摘Objective:Pulmonary hypertension is a crucial factor affecting the recovery after Glenn procedure.This study explores the effects of intravenous treprostinil on hemodynamic status and hospital postoperative recovery under different administration strategies.Methods:We retrospectively included pediatric patients admitted to Fuwai Hospital from 2019 to 2022 who underwent the Glenn procedure and had intraoperative measurements of mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)>15 mmHg postoperatively.Patients with non-anatomical single ventricle physiology undergoing the Glenn procedure and those requiring postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were excluded.Due to the standardized use of treprostinil in our center starting in 2021,patients from 2019–2020 were included in Group 1,and patients from 2021–2022 were included in Group 2.The changes in hemodynamic data before and after medication for both groups of patients,as well as the differences in postoperative recovery,were compared.Results:Twenty-eight patients were eventually enrolled in the study.Group 1 consisted of 14 cases,with a maintenance dose of 11±2 ng/(kg·min)1 to 2 days postoperatively.Group 2 also consisted of 14 cases,with a maintenance dose of 26±7 ng/(kg·min)1 day postoperatively.After a 24-h observation period,the mPAP decreased from 17±3 to 13±3 mmHg(p<0.001)in the first group and decreased from 18±3 to 13±3 mmHg(p<0.001)in the second group.The vasoactive-inotropic score in the first group decreased from 9(6,17)to 6(4,9)(p=0.001)and decreased from 12(6,23)to 10(3,15)(p=0.002)in the second group.Group 2 patients had a shorter postoperative hospital stay than Group 1,with durations of 18(11,22)days and 29(19,47)days,respectively(p=0.021).No severe adverse reactions occurred in all patients.Conclusion:Intravenous infusion of treprostinil in high-risk patients after the Glenn procedure can decrease pulmonary artery pressure,reduce vasoactive-inotropic score,and demonstrate satisfactory drug tolerance without severe adverse reactions.Standardized use of treprostinil facilitates postoperative recovery and shortens postoperative length of stay.
基金the Grant of Program for Scientific ResearchInnovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(2022AH010095)The Grant ofScientific Research and Talent Development Foundation of the Hefei University(No.21-22RC15)+2 种基金The Key Research Plan of Anhui Province(No.2022k07020011)The Grant of Anhui Provincial940 CMC,2024,vol.79,no.1Natural Science Foundation,No.2308085MF213The Open Fund of Information Materials andIntelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province IMIS202205,as well as the AI General ComputingPlatform of Hefei University.
文摘Depth estimation is an important task in computer vision.Collecting data at scale for monocular depth estimation is challenging,as this task requires simultaneously capturing RGB images and depth information.Therefore,data augmentation is crucial for this task.Existing data augmentationmethods often employ pixel-wise transformations,whichmay inadvertently disrupt edge features.In this paper,we propose a data augmentationmethod formonocular depth estimation,which we refer to as the Perpendicular-Cutdepth method.This method involves cutting realworld depth maps along perpendicular directions and pasting them onto input images,thereby diversifying the data without compromising edge features.To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,we compared it with existing convolutional neural network(CNN)against the current mainstream data augmentation algorithms.Additionally,to verify the algorithm’s applicability to Transformer networks,we designed an encoder-decoder network structure based on Transformer to assess the generalization of our proposed algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate that,in the field of monocular depth estimation,our proposed method,Perpendicular-Cutdepth,outperforms traditional data augmentationmethods.On the indoor dataset NYU,our method increases accuracy from0.900 to 0.907 and reduces the error rate from0.357 to 0.351.On the outdoor dataset KITTI,our method improves accuracy from 0.9638 to 0.9642 and decreases the error rate from 0.060 to 0.0598.
