Silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） are one of the most widely used nanomaterials, but the mechanism of AgNP toxicity in terrestrial plants is still unclear. We compared the toxic effects of AgNPs and Ag＋ on Arabidopsis t...Silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） are one of the most widely used nanomaterials, but the mechanism of AgNP toxicity in terrestrial plants is still unclear. We compared the toxic effects of AgNPs and Ag＋ on Arabidopsis thaliana at the physiological, ultrastructural and molecular levels. AgNPs did not affect seed germination; however, they showed stronger inhibitory effect on root elongation than Ag＋ . The results of transmission electron microscopy and metal content analysis showed that AgNPs could be accumulated in leaves. These absorbed AgNPs disrupted the thylakoid membrane structure and decreased chlorophyll content, which can inhibit plant growth. By comparison, a small amount of Ag＋ was absorbed by seedlings, and it did not pronouncedly affect chloroplast structure and other metal ion absorption as AgNPs did. Compared with Ag＋ , AgNPs could alter the transcription of antioxidant and aquaporin genes, indicating that AgNPs changed the balance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems, and also affected the homeostasis of water and other small molecules within the plant body. All the data from physiological, ultrastructural and molecular levels suggest that AgNPs were more toxic than Ag＋ .展开更多
A novel solid-liquid-core fiber-optic biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive and selective detection of 4-chlorophenol in water.The sensor comprised horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-coated U-shaped liquidcore optica...A novel solid-liquid-core fiber-optic biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive and selective detection of 4-chlorophenol in water.The sensor comprised horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-coated U-shaped liquidcore optical fiber(LCOF)and 4-chlorophenol permselective polymer membrane.The U-shaped LCOF was flled with ethanol suspension of SiO_(2)particles and the polymer membrane was composed of molecularly imprinted polymer,sulfonated polyethersulfone,and polysulfone.The morphology,composition,and surface luminous properties of the sensing region were examined.The effects of the diameter and content of SiO_(2)particles and temperature of 4-chlorophenol solutions on the sensitivity of the biosensors were investigated.Further,the sensitivity,selectivity,response time,and limit of detection(LOD)of the biosensors was investigated.In addition,the effects of fiber core materials on the light transmission in sensing region were investigated and a biosensor sensing model was established.The proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity for 4-chlorophenol with satisfactory sensitivity,LOD,and response time:-1.18(μg/L)^(-1),30μg/L,and 400 s,respectively.The results are expected to aid in the development of methods for enhancing sensitivity of fiber-optic sensors and surface luminous intensity of optical fibers.展开更多
The rapid globalization of the digital ecosystem has elevated information security to a critical concern in modern society. Optical encryption offers an effective approach for enhancing information protection;however,...The rapid globalization of the digital ecosystem has elevated information security to a critical concern in modern society. Optical encryption offers an effective approach for enhancing information protection;however, existing optical encryption strategies are unable to reliably recover encrypted information following free-space transmission. To address this challenge, we propose a novel protocol named the optical coherence engineering encryption protocol(OCE-Encryption Protocol). By jointly manipulating the optical coherence structure and introducing astigmatic phase modulation, the protocol generates a spectral intensity ciphertext capable of secure free-space transmission. At the receiver, the original information can be accurately reconstructed by measuring the optical coherence structure of the received ciphertext and applying the correct decryption key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol demonstrates strong resilience to transmission channel disturbances. We hope that optical coherence engineering can expand the functional boundaries of existing optical encryption protocols and provide a pathway toward next-generation secure optical communication systems.展开更多
We propose a general strategy for synthesizing controllable three-dimensional(3D)structured array beams.With it,we create a class of beams termed 3D Gaussian array beams and analyze their propagation characteristics.E...We propose a general strategy for synthesizing controllable three-dimensional(3D)structured array beams.With it,we create a class of beams termed 3D Gaussian array beams and analyze their propagation characteristics.Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions,demonstrating periodic intensity distributions of the 3D Gaussian array beams in both the transverse plane and propagation direction.Furthermore,by adjusting the initial beam parameters,it is possible to flexibly control both the number and axial position of the array layers along the transmission direction,as well as the transverse spectral density distribution.This strategy holds promise for applications in multi-target optical trapping,attacking,and related optical manipulation scenarios.展开更多
The adsorption of nano-particles on bubble surface is discussed for saturated boiling on thin wire of nano-particle suspensions. Owing to the decrease of surface tension for suspensions, the nano-particles tend to ads...The adsorption of nano-particles on bubble surface is discussed for saturated boiling on thin wire of nano-particle suspensions. Owing to the decrease of surface tension for suspensions, the nano-particles tend to adsorb on the bubble surface to decrease the Gibbs free energy for stability, and meanwhile the velocity of nano-particles would be smaller than that of bubble growth. The long-range van der Waals force existing between “water particles” and nano-particles is considered the attractive force between the nano-particles and the bubble surface. Thus, the nano-particles would attach on the bubble surface if the particle-surface distance is smaller than its critical value. The distribution of nano-particles on the bubble surface and in the adjacent region is also investigated.展开更多
Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature,leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy,holography,and optical sensing....Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature,leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy,holography,and optical sensing.Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path.Here,we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces.The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93%of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission,which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface.Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.展开更多
This paper presented an experimental study on convective drying of waste water sludge collected from Beijing GaoBeiDian Sewage Treatment Plant, particularly on the correlation between the observed shrinkage dynamics o...This paper presented an experimental study on convective drying of waste water sludge collected from Beijing GaoBeiDian Sewage Treatment Plant, particularly on the correlation between the observed shrinkage dynamics of sludge cake and the drying curve. During the initial stage of drying the process resembles to that of a particulate bed, in which moisture diffuses and evaporates at the upper surface. Conventional drying theory assuming a diffusion-evaporating front interprets this period of drying. Consequently, owing to the very large shrinkage ratio of the dried cake, cracks emerges and propagates on and within the cake body, whence inducing evaporating channel that facilitates the water removal. This occurrence compensates the reduction of surface area for evaporation, whence extending the constant-rate period during the test. Afterwards, the cracks meet with each other and form isolated cake piles, while the subsequent drying occur mainly within these piles and the conventional theory fails. The展开更多
The continuous increase of electric vehicles is being facilitating the large-scale distributed charging-pile deployment.It is crucial to guarantee normal operation of charging piles,resulting in the importance of diag...The continuous increase of electric vehicles is being facilitating the large-scale distributed charging-pile deployment.It is crucial to guarantee normal operation of charging piles,resulting in the importance of diagnosing charging-pile faults.The existing fault-diagnosis approaches were based on physical fault data like mechanical log data and sensor data streams.However,there are other types of fault data,which cannot be used for diagnosis by these existing approaches.This paper aims to fill this gap and consider 8 types of fault data for diagnosing,at least including physical installation error fault,charging-pile mechanical fault,charging-pile program fault,user personal fault,signal fault(offline),pile compatibility fault,charging platform fault,and other faults.We aim to find out how to combine existing feature-extraction and machine learning techniques to make the better diagnosis by conducting experiments on realistic dataset.4 word embedding models are investigated for feature extraction of fault data,including N-gram,GloVe,Word2vec,and BERT.Moreover,we classify the word embedding results using 10 machine learning classifiers,including Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine,K-Nearest Neighbor,Multilayer Perceptron,Recurrent Neural Network,AdaBoost,Gradient Boosted Decision Tree,Decision Tree,Extra Tree,and VOTE.Compared with original fault record dataset,we utilize paraphrasing-based data augmentation method to improve the classification accuracy up to 10.40%.Our extensive experiment results reveal that RF classifier combining the GloVe embedding model achieves the best accuracy with acceptable training time.In addition,we discuss the interpretability of RF and GloVe.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer performance of wet flue gas in a vertical tube. The factors influencing the convective condensation of wet flue gas were experimentally investigated. The m...The experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer performance of wet flue gas in a vertical tube. The factors influencing the convective condensation of wet flue gas were experimentally investigated. The measured results indicate that the convective heat transfer of bulk flow and condensation heat transfer of vapor have significant contribution to the total heat transfer and the dominant transport mechanism is dependent upon the vapor fraction in mixture.展开更多
This work briefly summarized the recent research efforts made on the phase heat transfer processes involving biological aggregates, with particular attention on the correlation of aggregate structure and state of wate...This work briefly summarized the recent research efforts made on the phase heat transfer processes involving biological aggregates, with particular attention on the correlation of aggregate structure and state of water with the process efficiency. The phase change processes include boiling, drying, freezing, sintering, pyrolysis, and supercritical extraction, while the former three were discussed in some detail.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB126100, 2009CB119006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21077093, 21277127)
文摘Silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） are one of the most widely used nanomaterials, but the mechanism of AgNP toxicity in terrestrial plants is still unclear. We compared the toxic effects of AgNPs and Ag＋ on Arabidopsis thaliana at the physiological, ultrastructural and molecular levels. AgNPs did not affect seed germination; however, they showed stronger inhibitory effect on root elongation than Ag＋ . The results of transmission electron microscopy and metal content analysis showed that AgNPs could be accumulated in leaves. These absorbed AgNPs disrupted the thylakoid membrane structure and decreased chlorophyll content, which can inhibit plant growth. By comparison, a small amount of Ag＋ was absorbed by seedlings, and it did not pronouncedly affect chloroplast structure and other metal ion absorption as AgNPs did. Compared with Ag＋ , AgNPs could alter the transcription of antioxidant and aquaporin genes, indicating that AgNPs changed the balance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems, and also affected the homeostasis of water and other small molecules within the plant body. All the data from physiological, ultrastructural and molecular levels suggest that AgNPs were more toxic than Ag＋ .
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.U19A20107,52176178 and 51876018)Innovation Research Group of Universities in Chongqing(No.CXQT21035)+1 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0059)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China(No.KJZD-M202201101).
文摘A novel solid-liquid-core fiber-optic biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive and selective detection of 4-chlorophenol in water.The sensor comprised horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-coated U-shaped liquidcore optical fiber(LCOF)and 4-chlorophenol permselective polymer membrane.The U-shaped LCOF was flled with ethanol suspension of SiO_(2)particles and the polymer membrane was composed of molecularly imprinted polymer,sulfonated polyethersulfone,and polysulfone.The morphology,composition,and surface luminous properties of the sensing region were examined.The effects of the diameter and content of SiO_(2)particles and temperature of 4-chlorophenol solutions on the sensitivity of the biosensors were investigated.Further,the sensitivity,selectivity,response time,and limit of detection(LOD)of the biosensors was investigated.In addition,the effects of fiber core materials on the light transmission in sensing region were investigated and a biosensor sensing model was established.The proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity for 4-chlorophenol with satisfactory sensitivity,LOD,and response time:-1.18(μg/L)^(-1),30μg/L,and 400 s,respectively.The results are expected to aid in the development of methods for enhancing sensitivity of fiber-optic sensors and surface luminous intensity of optical fibers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12192254,12374276,12304326,92250304,W2441005,12474333)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404800)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QA081)Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(2023KJ198)Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong(SDAST2024QTA047).
文摘The rapid globalization of the digital ecosystem has elevated information security to a critical concern in modern society. Optical encryption offers an effective approach for enhancing information protection;however, existing optical encryption strategies are unable to reliably recover encrypted information following free-space transmission. To address this challenge, we propose a novel protocol named the optical coherence engineering encryption protocol(OCE-Encryption Protocol). By jointly manipulating the optical coherence structure and introducing astigmatic phase modulation, the protocol generates a spectral intensity ciphertext capable of secure free-space transmission. At the receiver, the original information can be accurately reconstructed by measuring the optical coherence structure of the received ciphertext and applying the correct decryption key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol demonstrates strong resilience to transmission channel disturbances. We hope that optical coherence engineering can expand the functional boundaries of existing optical encryption protocols and provide a pathway toward next-generation secure optical communication systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1404800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12374276,12304326,12192254,12474333,92250304,and W2441005)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721992)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provincial(No.ZR2023QA081)the Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(No.2023KJ198)the Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong(No.SDAST2024QTA047)。
文摘We propose a general strategy for synthesizing controllable three-dimensional(3D)structured array beams.With it,we create a class of beams termed 3D Gaussian array beams and analyze their propagation characteristics.Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions,demonstrating periodic intensity distributions of the 3D Gaussian array beams in both the transverse plane and propagation direction.Furthermore,by adjusting the initial beam parameters,it is possible to flexibly control both the number and axial position of the array layers along the transmission direction,as well as the transverse spectral density distribution.This strategy holds promise for applications in multi-target optical trapping,attacking,and related optical manipulation scenarios.
基金This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59995553).
文摘The adsorption of nano-particles on bubble surface is discussed for saturated boiling on thin wire of nano-particle suspensions. Owing to the decrease of surface tension for suspensions, the nano-particles tend to adsorb on the bubble surface to decrease the Gibbs free energy for stability, and meanwhile the velocity of nano-particles would be smaller than that of bubble growth. The long-range van der Waals force existing between “water particles” and nano-particles is considered the attractive force between the nano-particles and the bubble surface. Thus, the nano-particles would attach on the bubble surface if the particle-surface distance is smaller than its critical value. The distribution of nano-particles on the bubble surface and in the adjacent region is also investigated.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404800,2021YFA1400601)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(11925403)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12122406,12192253,12192254,92250304,12304365)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(22JCYBJC00800,22JCZDJC00400)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721993)the 111 Project(B23045).
文摘Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature,leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy,holography,and optical sensing.Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path.Here,we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces.The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93%of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission,which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface.Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.
基金The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50136020).
文摘This paper presented an experimental study on convective drying of waste water sludge collected from Beijing GaoBeiDian Sewage Treatment Plant, particularly on the correlation between the observed shrinkage dynamics of sludge cake and the drying curve. During the initial stage of drying the process resembles to that of a particulate bed, in which moisture diffuses and evaporates at the upper surface. Conventional drying theory assuming a diffusion-evaporating front interprets this period of drying. Consequently, owing to the very large shrinkage ratio of the dried cake, cracks emerges and propagates on and within the cake body, whence inducing evaporating channel that facilitates the water removal. This occurrence compensates the reduction of surface area for evaporation, whence extending the constant-rate period during the test. Afterwards, the cracks meet with each other and form isolated cake piles, while the subsequent drying occur mainly within these piles and the conventional theory fails. The
基金This work was supported by the State Grid Technology Project“Research on Interaction between Large-scale Electric Vehicles and Power Grid and Charging Safety Protection Technology”(5418-202071490A-0-0-00)from State Grid Corporation of China..
文摘The continuous increase of electric vehicles is being facilitating the large-scale distributed charging-pile deployment.It is crucial to guarantee normal operation of charging piles,resulting in the importance of diagnosing charging-pile faults.The existing fault-diagnosis approaches were based on physical fault data like mechanical log data and sensor data streams.However,there are other types of fault data,which cannot be used for diagnosis by these existing approaches.This paper aims to fill this gap and consider 8 types of fault data for diagnosing,at least including physical installation error fault,charging-pile mechanical fault,charging-pile program fault,user personal fault,signal fault(offline),pile compatibility fault,charging platform fault,and other faults.We aim to find out how to combine existing feature-extraction and machine learning techniques to make the better diagnosis by conducting experiments on realistic dataset.4 word embedding models are investigated for feature extraction of fault data,including N-gram,GloVe,Word2vec,and BERT.Moreover,we classify the word embedding results using 10 machine learning classifiers,including Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine,K-Nearest Neighbor,Multilayer Perceptron,Recurrent Neural Network,AdaBoost,Gradient Boosted Decision Tree,Decision Tree,Extra Tree,and VOTE.Compared with original fault record dataset,we utilize paraphrasing-based data augmentation method to improve the classification accuracy up to 10.40%.Our extensive experiment results reveal that RF classifier combining the GloVe embedding model achieves the best accuracy with acceptable training time.In addition,we discuss the interpretability of RF and GloVe.
基金This work was supported by science and technology key project of Ministry of Education (Contract No.00129) National 973 Program (Contract No.2000026301).
文摘The experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer performance of wet flue gas in a vertical tube. The factors influencing the convective condensation of wet flue gas were experimentally investigated. The measured results indicate that the convective heat transfer of bulk flow and condensation heat transfer of vapor have significant contribution to the total heat transfer and the dominant transport mechanism is dependent upon the vapor fraction in mixture.
文摘This work briefly summarized the recent research efforts made on the phase heat transfer processes involving biological aggregates, with particular attention on the correlation of aggregate structure and state of water with the process efficiency. The phase change processes include boiling, drying, freezing, sintering, pyrolysis, and supercritical extraction, while the former three were discussed in some detail.
