本文以美国健康高级研究计划局(Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health,ARPA-H)为研究对象,阐述了其通过资助高风险、高回报的医学健康研究加速改善全民健康状况的使命定位,探讨了其扁平化、灵活高效的管理特点。通过收集整理AR...本文以美国健康高级研究计划局(Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health,ARPA-H)为研究对象,阐述了其通过资助高风险、高回报的医学健康研究加速改善全民健康状况的使命定位,探讨了其扁平化、灵活高效的管理特点。通过收集整理ARPA-H现有研究项目,本文识别了其重点资助领域及运行机制,进一步深入分析了其项目管理流程及策略,包括项目选题、规划、执行和验收四个阶段。基于“大问题—小问题—现状—挑战—方案”的逻辑模型确定研究方向,通过公开征集执行团队及其提案,结合定期评估以确保项目进展顺利,最终推动成果转化。在此基础上,本文结合我国高风险、高回报的创新性研究项目的管理需求提出了相关建议,包括优化选题机制、构建灵活高效的管理模式、推进科研成果转化等,以提高我国医学科学基金项目管理水平,推动我国医学领域的原创研究发展。展开更多
The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusio...The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusion height and random position distribution of abrasive grains on the abrasive wheel surface.This study investigated the distribution of undeformed chip thickness and grinding force considering the non-uniform characteristics of abrasive wheel in the grinding of K4002 nickel-based superalloy.First,a novel grinding force model was established through a kinematic-geometric analysis and a grain-workpiece contact analysis.Then,a series of grinding experiments were conducted for verifying the model.The results indicate that the distribution of undeformed chip thickness is highly consistent with the Gaussian distribution formula.The increase in the grinding depth mainly leads to an increase in the average value of Gaussian distribution.On the contrary,the increase in the workpiece infeed speed or the decrease in the grinding speed mainly increases the standard deviation of Gaussian distribution.The average and maximum errors of the grinding force model are 4.9%and 14.6%respectively,indicating that the model is of high predication accuracy.展开更多
This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comp...This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comprehensive researches on the theoretical foundation and technical system of federated services,aiming at advancing our understanding and implementation of this novel service paradigm.First,a thorough examination of the characteristics of federated security within federated services is conducted.Then,a five-layer technical framework is formulated under a decentralized intelligent architecture,ensuring secure,agile,and adaptable service provision.On this basis,the operational mechanisms underlying data federation and service confederation is analyzed,with emphasis on the smart supply-demand matching model.Furthermore,a scenario-oriented taxonomy of federated services accompanied by illustrative examples is proposed.Our work offers actionable insights and roadmap for realizing and advancing federated services,contributing to the refinement and wider adoption of this transformative service paradigm in the digital era.展开更多
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are tubular structures that are used to bridge the gap of a severed nerve, thereby acting as a guide and protective micro-environment for the regenerating axons and as a barrier against ...Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are tubular structures that are used to bridge the gap of a severed nerve, thereby acting as a guide and protective micro-environment for the regenerating axons and as a barrier against the in-growth of scar-forming tissue. In the last few decades, the concept of NGCs has evolved from a research tool to investigate nerve regeneration into a translational product that is now being used clinically as an alternative for autologous nerve graft repair, due to their availability and ease of fabrication.展开更多
Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury： Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels （NGCs） have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injurie...Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury： Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels （NGCs） have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injuries resulting from neurodegeneration and trauma, such as car accidents and battlefield wounds, affect hun- dreds of thousands of people annually. Motivated by suboptimal results obtained with the current gold standard of autologous grafting （i.e., autografts）, various commercially available NGCs composed of synthetic and biomaterials are now alternatively available （Jia et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2016）.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)causes sensory and motor deficits as well as neuropathic pain,which seriously impacts patient quality of life(Jiang et al.,2017).Morphological and molecular changes in the spinal cord and d...Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)causes sensory and motor deficits as well as neuropathic pain,which seriously impacts patient quality of life(Jiang et al.,2017).Morphological and molecular changes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRG),such as neuronal cell death,nerve fiber degeneration,and glial activation,are strongly associated with PNI-induced pathological syndromes.展开更多
In this paper,a BDF2 modular grad-div algorithm for the Stokes/Darcy model is constructed.This method not only effectively avoids solver breakdown,but also increases computational efficiency for increasing parameter v...In this paper,a BDF2 modular grad-div algorithm for the Stokes/Darcy model is constructed.This method not only effectively avoids solver breakdown,but also increases computational efficiency for increasing parameter values.Herein,complete stability and error analysis are provided.Finally,some numerical tests are proposed to justify the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Uncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells,yet the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this proliferation are unclear.Therapeutic treatment of cancer is suboptimal in many cases,with no accurate inde...Uncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells,yet the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this proliferation are unclear.Therapeutic treatment of cancer is suboptimal in many cases,with no accurate index by which to evaluate the success of treatment or patient prognosis.In this study,we explored the protein levels of nuclear phospho-eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cell lines and primary leukemia samples by Western blot and immunofluorescence and as well analyzed transcriptomes by RNA-seq.We found nuclear phospho-eIF4E,an exporter of oncogenic mRNAs,to be abundant in AML.Further,nuclear phospho-eIF4E abundance was significantly associated with tumor burden as well as the response of AML patients to chemotherapy.The results demonstrate“massive clustering and export of oncogenic mRNAs to the translation machinery”by highly abundant RNA-nuclear phospho-eIF4E bodies.This is an efficient mechanism that may drive the proliferation of cancer cells.Herein,nuclear phospho-eIF4E bodies were identified as potential markers of AML,which may be useful for prognosis and as targets for cancer therapy.展开更多
Cardiac or respiratory arrest lasting only a few minutes can inflict grave harm on numerous bodily organs, not least of all, the brain. Neurocognitive deficits, which are often severe and profoundly life altering, rem...Cardiac or respiratory arrest lasting only a few minutes can inflict grave harm on numerous bodily organs, not least of all, the brain. Neurocognitive deficits, which are often severe and profoundly life altering, remain a major source of morbidity among survivors.展开更多
Visual perception computing is a crucial area in artificial intelligence,aiming to simulate human vision for the intelligent analysis of complex visual data.However,current methods face several challenges,such as miss...Visual perception computing is a crucial area in artificial intelligence,aiming to simulate human vision for the intelligent analysis of complex visual data.However,current methods face several challenges,such as missing data,weak generalization across different scenarios,and difficulties in learning complex patterns,particularly in rare or long-tail situations.The framework of parallel images is reviewed in this paper,which provides new ways to advance visual perception by closely connecting real imaging systems with artificial ones.First,artificial image systems can be built to reflect real environments,enabling both real and artificial images to work together.These artificial systems produce multi-modal data,helping to solve the problem of incomplete data.Second,virtual-to-real model transfer approaches based on multi-view feature fusion are discussed,which support adaptive model improvement and better generalization to new scenarios.Finally,parallel visual models are introduced that combine data from different sources and integrate various types of knowledge,greatly improving performance on diverse visual recognition tasks.展开更多
Staining algorithms based on two-way wave equation migration methods have been applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of poorly illuminated structures such as those in subsalt zones.In regular staining algor...Staining algorithms based on two-way wave equation migration methods have been applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of poorly illuminated structures such as those in subsalt zones.In regular staining algorithms,when a source wavefield reaches the stained area that is associated with the target structures,a new wavefield called stained wavefield is excited,and this stained wavefield forward extrapolates synchronously with the real source wavefield.The forward-extrapolated stained and real source wavefields are cross-correlated with the backward-extrapolated receiver wavefield,and we obtain the stained and the real reverse time migration(RTM)images.The staining algorithms for RTM can suppress the noise of non-target regions and obtain high SNR images of the target structures.Whereas RTM methods are limited by the low computational efficiency and SNR,by contrast,one-way wave equation migration(OWEM)methods have the advantages of high efficiency and no interference from multiples.Thus,we developed a new staining method based on the generalised screen propagator(GSP)as a case of OWEM methods for subsalt imaging.Furthermore,a new stained wavefield called stained receiver wavefield is proposed here,forming two new staining strategies for seismic imaging,in which forward-propagated source and backward-propagated receiver wavefields can be conveniently selected to be stained at the stained area.Numerical experiments demonstrated that this staining GSP method is more effective in improving the SNR of subsalt structures compared to conventional GSP migration and RTM methods;moreover,these new staining strategies as applied to the OWEM methods can greatly improve the SNR of weakly illuminated structures in subsalt zones,in comparison with regular staining algorithms for one-way methods.展开更多
文摘本文以美国健康高级研究计划局(Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health,ARPA-H)为研究对象,阐述了其通过资助高风险、高回报的医学健康研究加速改善全民健康状况的使命定位,探讨了其扁平化、灵活高效的管理特点。通过收集整理ARPA-H现有研究项目,本文识别了其重点资助领域及运行机制,进一步深入分析了其项目管理流程及策略,包括项目选题、规划、执行和验收四个阶段。基于“大问题—小问题—现状—挑战—方案”的逻辑模型确定研究方向,通过公开征集执行团队及其提案,结合定期评估以确保项目进展顺利,最终推动成果转化。在此基础上,本文结合我国高风险、高回报的创新性研究项目的管理需求提出了相关建议,包括优化选题机制、构建灵活高效的管理模式、推进科研成果转化等,以提高我国医学科学基金项目管理水平,推动我国医学领域的原创研究发展。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92160301,92060203,52175415 and 52205475)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(Nos.P2022-AB-Ⅳ-002-001 and P2023-B-Ⅳ-003-001)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology(No.JSKL2223K01)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210295)the Superior Postdoctoral Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2022ZB215)the Henan Science and Technology Public Relations Project(No.212102210445).
文摘The undeformed chip thickness and grinding force are key parameters for revealing the material removal mechanism in the grinding process.However,they are difficult to be well expressed due to the ununiformed protrusion height and random position distribution of abrasive grains on the abrasive wheel surface.This study investigated the distribution of undeformed chip thickness and grinding force considering the non-uniform characteristics of abrasive wheel in the grinding of K4002 nickel-based superalloy.First,a novel grinding force model was established through a kinematic-geometric analysis and a grain-workpiece contact analysis.Then,a series of grinding experiments were conducted for verifying the model.The results indicate that the distribution of undeformed chip thickness is highly consistent with the Gaussian distribution formula.The increase in the grinding depth mainly leads to an increase in the average value of Gaussian distribution.On the contrary,the increase in the workpiece infeed speed or the decrease in the grinding speed mainly increases the standard deviation of Gaussian distribution.The average and maximum errors of the grinding force model are 4.9%and 14.6%respectively,indicating that the model is of high predication accuracy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2104800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411,62436010,72171230)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1).
文摘This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comprehensive researches on the theoretical foundation and technical system of federated services,aiming at advancing our understanding and implementation of this novel service paradigm.First,a thorough examination of the characteristics of federated security within federated services is conducted.Then,a five-layer technical framework is formulated under a decentralized intelligent architecture,ensuring secure,agile,and adaptable service provision.On this basis,the operational mechanisms underlying data federation and service confederation is analyzed,with emphasis on the smart supply-demand matching model.Furthermore,a scenario-oriented taxonomy of federated services accompanied by illustrative examples is proposed.Our work offers actionable insights and roadmap for realizing and advancing federated services,contributing to the refinement and wider adoption of this transformative service paradigm in the digital era.
基金partially supported by Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund(2018-MSCRFD-4271,to XJ)R01HL118084 and R01NS110387 from United States National Institutes of Health(both to XJ)
文摘Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are tubular structures that are used to bridge the gap of a severed nerve, thereby acting as a guide and protective micro-environment for the regenerating axons and as a barrier against the in-growth of scar-forming tissue. In the last few decades, the concept of NGCs has evolved from a research tool to investigate nerve regeneration into a translational product that is now being used clinically as an alternative for autologous nerve graft repair, due to their availability and ease of fabrication.
基金supported by the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund(2013-MSCRFE-146-00)(to XJ)in part by the National Institute of Health(R01HL118084)(to XJ)
文摘Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury： Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels （NGCs） have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injuries resulting from neurodegeneration and trauma, such as car accidents and battlefield wounds, affect hun- dreds of thousands of people annually. Motivated by suboptimal results obtained with the current gold standard of autologous grafting （i.e., autografts）, various commercially available NGCs composed of synthetic and biomaterials are now alternatively available （Jia et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2016）.
基金partially supported by R01NS117102 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (2020-MSCRFD-5384), USA (both to XJ)
文摘Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)causes sensory and motor deficits as well as neuropathic pain,which seriously impacts patient quality of life(Jiang et al.,2017).Morphological and molecular changes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRG),such as neuronal cell death,nerve fiber degeneration,and glial activation,are strongly associated with PNI-induced pathological syndromes.
基金Supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi(201901D111123)Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(201903D121038).
文摘In this paper,a BDF2 modular grad-div algorithm for the Stokes/Darcy model is constructed.This method not only effectively avoids solver breakdown,but also increases computational efficiency for increasing parameter values.Herein,complete stability and error analysis are provided.Finally,some numerical tests are proposed to justify the theoretical analysis.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81600129)the Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou(Grant No.2016Z01)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou(Grant No.2017A11)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY21H080001).
文摘Uncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer cells,yet the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this proliferation are unclear.Therapeutic treatment of cancer is suboptimal in many cases,with no accurate index by which to evaluate the success of treatment or patient prognosis.In this study,we explored the protein levels of nuclear phospho-eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cell lines and primary leukemia samples by Western blot and immunofluorescence and as well analyzed transcriptomes by RNA-seq.We found nuclear phospho-eIF4E,an exporter of oncogenic mRNAs,to be abundant in AML.Further,nuclear phospho-eIF4E abundance was significantly associated with tumor burden as well as the response of AML patients to chemotherapy.The results demonstrate“massive clustering and export of oncogenic mRNAs to the translation machinery”by highly abundant RNA-nuclear phospho-eIF4E bodies.This is an efficient mechanism that may drive the proliferation of cancer cells.Herein,nuclear phospho-eIF4E bodies were identified as potential markers of AML,which may be useful for prognosis and as targets for cancer therapy.
文摘Cardiac or respiratory arrest lasting only a few minutes can inflict grave harm on numerous bodily organs, not least of all, the brain. Neurocognitive deficits, which are often severe and profoundly life altering, remain a major source of morbidity among survivors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62203040 and 62472048)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L242081).
文摘Visual perception computing is a crucial area in artificial intelligence,aiming to simulate human vision for the intelligent analysis of complex visual data.However,current methods face several challenges,such as missing data,weak generalization across different scenarios,and difficulties in learning complex patterns,particularly in rare or long-tail situations.The framework of parallel images is reviewed in this paper,which provides new ways to advance visual perception by closely connecting real imaging systems with artificial ones.First,artificial image systems can be built to reflect real environments,enabling both real and artificial images to work together.These artificial systems produce multi-modal data,helping to solve the problem of incomplete data.Second,virtual-to-real model transfer approaches based on multi-view feature fusion are discussed,which support adaptive model improvement and better generalization to new scenarios.Finally,parallel visual models are introduced that combine data from different sources and integrate various types of knowledge,greatly improving performance on diverse visual recognition tasks.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0202903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41774121).
文摘Staining algorithms based on two-way wave equation migration methods have been applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of poorly illuminated structures such as those in subsalt zones.In regular staining algorithms,when a source wavefield reaches the stained area that is associated with the target structures,a new wavefield called stained wavefield is excited,and this stained wavefield forward extrapolates synchronously with the real source wavefield.The forward-extrapolated stained and real source wavefields are cross-correlated with the backward-extrapolated receiver wavefield,and we obtain the stained and the real reverse time migration(RTM)images.The staining algorithms for RTM can suppress the noise of non-target regions and obtain high SNR images of the target structures.Whereas RTM methods are limited by the low computational efficiency and SNR,by contrast,one-way wave equation migration(OWEM)methods have the advantages of high efficiency and no interference from multiples.Thus,we developed a new staining method based on the generalised screen propagator(GSP)as a case of OWEM methods for subsalt imaging.Furthermore,a new stained wavefield called stained receiver wavefield is proposed here,forming two new staining strategies for seismic imaging,in which forward-propagated source and backward-propagated receiver wavefields can be conveniently selected to be stained at the stained area.Numerical experiments demonstrated that this staining GSP method is more effective in improving the SNR of subsalt structures compared to conventional GSP migration and RTM methods;moreover,these new staining strategies as applied to the OWEM methods can greatly improve the SNR of weakly illuminated structures in subsalt zones,in comparison with regular staining algorithms for one-way methods.
