Objectives:Combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy(PTT)represents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.This study aimed to develop arsenic trioxide(ATO)and poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt...Objectives:Combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy(PTT)represents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.This study aimed to develop arsenic trioxide(ATO)and poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole)(PCPDTBT)-loaded nanoparticles(ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs)to evaluate their synergistic efficacy in inhibiting lung cancer growth and metastasis.Methods:Nanovesicles were synthesized via a streamlined protocol and subjected to 808 nm NIR irradiation to assess their photothermal conversion capabilities.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vitro using A549 lung carcinoma cells to assess apoptosis,invasion,and migration,and in vivo to monitor tumor volume reduction.Results:The nanoparticles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity while demonstrating robust photothermal conversion,inducing a rapid 20.8℃ temperature rise within five minutes.In vitro,ATO enhanced apoptotic pathways and suppressed metastasis,while the combination therapy significantly reduced cell viability(OD:0.23 vs.0.62 in controls)and migration(13.6%vs.74.9%),outperforming monotherapies.In vivo,the chemo-photothermal treatment reduced tumor volumes by 2.5-and 3-fold compared to ATO or PTT alone,confirming superior antitumor effects.Conclusions:These findings highlight the dual-action ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs nanoplatform as a potential multifaceted strategy for effective tumor suppression and metastasis inhibition.展开更多
系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种累及多器官的自身免疫性疾病。8p23区域的FAM167A-BLK基因座是SLE既往全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)报道的热点区域。为探索该区域内功能SNP(single-nu...系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种累及多器官的自身免疫性疾病。8p23区域的FAM167A-BLK基因座是SLE既往全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)报道的热点区域。为探索该区域内功能SNP(single-nucleotide polymorphism)对其相关基因BLK和FAM167A调控的作用,本研究利用GCTA软件和fnGWAS进行一系列功能注释,筛选出潜在的功能SNP,并通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验、shRNA敲低和CRISPR/dCas9敲低等功能实验进行验证。结果显示,该区域有4个功能SNP对BLK表达具有等位基因特异性增强效应,但对FAM167A无显著影响。同时,BLK可调控FAM167A表达。FAM167A可能是SLE的潜在致病基因。本研究深化了对FAM167A-BLK区域的遗传变异调控机制的理解,为解析SLE的发生机制研究提供了新视角。展开更多
Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,...Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,a combination of molecular level mixing(MLM),segment ball milling(SBM),and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites(TiC-CNT/Cu)reinforced with TiC decorated CNT(TiC@CNT)and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles.The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT(i.e.,CNT(0002)//TiC(200),and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix,which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT.The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration,thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism.Moreover,the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation,thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite.The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.%CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa,achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270,while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%.Furthermore,the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7%compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite,reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m^(2),thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness.Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.展开更多
The slow oxygen reaction kinetics of air electrodes impair the performance of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs);hence,it is imperative to design novel air electrodes featuring excellent cataly...The slow oxygen reaction kinetics of air electrodes impair the performance of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs);hence,it is imperative to design novel air electrodes featuring excellent catalytic activity and endurance.Here,we report an Rb-doped double perovskite PrBa_(0.8)Ca_(0.1)Rb_(0.1)Co_(2)O_(5+δ)(denoted as PBCR_(0.1)C)as an air electrode for R-PCECs,displaying a low polarization resistance of 0.044Ωcm^(2) at 700℃ and excellent stability during exposure to humid air(3 vol%H_(2)O).The high performance is attributed to the high electrical conductivity,high concentration of oxygen vacancies,and fast surface exchange,as verified by the analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric testing,and conductivity tests.The R-PCECs with the PBCR_(0.1)C air electrode demonstrate an encouraging performance at 700℃:a peak power density of 2.32 W cm^(-2) in a fuel cell(FC)mode and an electrolysis current density of-3.55 A cm^(-2) at 1.3 V in an electrolysis(EL)mode.At 30 vol%steam concentration,a Faraday efficiency of 87.80%and a corresponding H_(2) production rate of 3.05 mL min^(-1) cm^(-2) at a current density of-0.5 A cm^(-2) at 650℃.Additionally,the durability of the cell in the FC mode(120 h),EL mode(120 h),and cycling FC/EL mode(100 h)at 650℃ suggests the great potential of PBCR_(0.1)C as the highly reactive and robust air electrodes of R-PCECs.展开更多
The construction of bifurcated tunnels is essential to advancing urban infrastructure systems,as they conserve land,reduce carbon emissions,and optimize traffic.However,the bifurcation structure of the parallel conflu...The construction of bifurcated tunnels is essential to advancing urban infrastructure systems,as they conserve land,reduce carbon emissions,and optimize traffic.However,the bifurcation structure of the parallel confluence section of such tunnels poses significant challenges in the design and operation of the tunnel ventilation system,in terms of both the internal and external environment.In this work,the flow and loss characteristics of parallel confluence sections are studied with numerical simulations and model experiments.The influences of the confluence ratio q and the confluence angle O on the flow characteristics and loss mechanisms of the parallel confluence section are revealed theoretically.The results indicate that when q is small,the high-velocity airflow from the mainline entrains the low-speed airflow from the ramp,leading to flow separation at the upper connection between the parallel section and the gradual transition section;when q is large,the high-velocity airflow from the ramp entrains the low-speed airflow from the mainline,resulting in flow separation on the side of the confluence section adjacent to the mainline.Additionally,the mismatch between the airflow ratio Q and cross-sectional area ratio of the mainline tunnel and the ramp prior to confluence enhances the jet entrainment effect,increases the curvature of the streamline,expands the range of the flow separation area,and generates higher confluence loss coefficients|K_(13)|and|K_(23)|of the mainline and the ramp.For small q,|K_(13)|,and|K_(23)|,remain relatively constant with respect toθ,whereas for large q,both|K_(13)|and|K_(23)|decrease asθincreases.Finally,a semi-empirical formula is proposed to predict the loss coefficients for parallel bifurcated tunnels with confluence angles ranging from 5°to 15°.This study provides insights into the aerodynamic behaviour and loss mechanisms in bifurcated tunnels,offering guidelines for enhancing the efficiency of tunnel ventilation systems in tunnel-like underground infrastructure.展开更多
Heterostructure photocatalysts with a built-in electric field have become one of the most promising strategies to enhance photogenerated electron-hole pair separation. However, close contact between the two active com...Heterostructure photocatalysts with a built-in electric field have become one of the most promising strategies to enhance photogenerated electron-hole pair separation. However, close contact between the two active components of heterogeneous photocatalysts remains a problem. Herein, the in-situ fabrication of an SnO2/SnS2 heterostructure photocatalyst was performed;the structure showed enhanced photocatalytic performance resulting from the tight-contact heterostructures. The results of photoelectrochemical measurements further verified that a tight-contact heterostructure improved the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The results of EIS Bode plots also demonstrated that such in-situ fabricated SnO2/SnS2 samples exhibited the longest carrier lifetime(41.6 μs) owing to the intimate interface of SnO2/SnS2 heterostructures.展开更多
Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs ...Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.展开更多
Cells were suggested to sense matrix rigidity by applying fluctuating forces, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here with a generic filament-crosslinker modeling system for stress fibers, we demonstrate th...Cells were suggested to sense matrix rigidity by applying fluctuating forces, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here with a generic filament-crosslinker modeling system for stress fibers, we demonstrate that high mechanical forces can be induced by specific protein-protein interactions with biased kinetics. Strikingly, we further find that there exist two patterns of force generation, a stable pattern and a fluctuated pattern, in agreement with previous experimental observations. Our analysis indicates that the fluctuated force profile is essentially due to force-induced structural instability during structural assembly. We suggest that how cells utilize or circumvent such stable forces or fluctuated forces may be important in other biological processes as well, though whether such forces should be regarded as passive or active is still tentative.展开更多
Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell diff...Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neurons. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was identified as one of the key pathways underlying this differentiation process. The present study shows phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated p38 protein expression was increased after differentiation. Cellular signaling pathway blocking agents, PD98059 and SB203580, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways respectively, mRNA and protein expression of the neuronal marker, neuron specific enolase, and neural stem cell marker, nestin, were decreased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after treatment with the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Experimental findings indicate that, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, induced by the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction.展开更多
The study in this paper analyzes and compares the distribution on the global engine active seismic zone and cooling seismic belt basing on the ANSS earthquake catalog from Northern California Earthquake Data Center. A...The study in this paper analyzes and compares the distribution on the global engine active seismic zone and cooling seismic belt basing on the ANSS earthquake catalog from Northern California Earthquake Data Center. An idea of the seismogenesis and earthquake prediction research is achieved by showing the stratigraphic structure in the hot engine belt. The results show that the main engine and its seismic cones are the global seismic activity area, as well as the subject of global geological disaster. Based on the conjecture of other stratum structure, the energy of crustal strong earthquake and volcano activities probably originates from the deep upper mantle. It is suggested that the research on earthquake and volcano prediction should focus on the monitor and analysis on the sub-crustal earthquake activities.展开更多
The microbial communities colonized on microplastics(MPs)have attracted widespread attention.However,few studies focused on the MPs impacts on mangrove ecosystems,particularly on bacterial communities.We investigated ...The microbial communities colonized on microplastics(MPs)have attracted widespread attention.However,few studies focused on the MPs impacts on mangrove ecosystems,particularly on bacterial communities.We investigated the MPs pollution in mangrove of Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary(ZRE).To study the potential risk posed by MPs to the mangrove ecosystems,the differences in bacterial communities,functions,and complexity between MPs and sediment samples were reported for the first time.Microplastics(2991±1586 items/kg dry weight(dw))in sediment were mainly fibers and polyethylene,mostly transparent,and in size less than 0.5 mm.Bacterial communities and functions significantly differed from MPs in mangrove sediment.Compared with sediment,MPs significantly enriched members of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,as well as the bacteria associated with plastic-degrading and human diseases on their surface,suggesting that microbial communities on MPs may promote MPs degradation and the spread of diseases,posing potential risk to mangrove ecosystems and human health.Although bacteria on MPs exhibited a lower diversity,the co-occurrence network analysis indicated that network of bacteria colonized on MPs was bigger and more complex than those of mangrove sediment,illustrating that MPs can act as a distinct habitat in this special ecosystem.This study provides a new perspective for increasing our understanding of microplastic pollution in mangrove ecosystems.展开更多
DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite seque...DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to survey temporal DNA methylation changes in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In contrast to previous findings in Arabidopsis, global DNA methylation levels in rice increased slightly after rice blast infection. We identified over 38,000 differentially methylated regions(DMRs), and hypermethylated DMRs far outnumbered hypomethylated DMRs. Most DMRs were located in transposable element regions. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 8830 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) after 1, 3, and 5 days of infection. Over one-third of DEGs, most of which were CHH-type DMRs, were associated with DMRs. Functional analysis of the CHH DMR-DEGs indicated their involvement in many important biological processes, including cell communication and response to external stimulus. The transcription of many NBS-LRR family genes was affected by changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that DNA methylation plays essential roles in the response of rice to M. oryzae infection. More broadly, the DNA methylation analysis presented here sheds light on epigenomic involvement in plant defense against fungal pathogens.展开更多
As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process...As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.展开更多
This paper adopts the earthquake catalogue of the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), in accordance with the principles of Seismo-Geothermics Theory and the concept of seismic cone;it discusses the int...This paper adopts the earthquake catalogue of the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), in accordance with the principles of Seismo-Geothermics Theory and the concept of seismic cone;it discusses the integrity of the earthquake catalogue and the overview of Mediterranean seismic cones;it focuses on the structural details and structural feature of the Italian branch of the Mediterranean seismic cone;it deduces the precursory process of subcrustal earthquake activities before two earthquakes magnitude over 6 and the eruptions of Etna volcano since 2005;then it summarizes the prediction working method of Seismo-Geothermics on estimating the general shell strength, the general period, and the rough location of future earthquake or volcano activities;and finally it discusses and explains some possible problems. The principle and working process of this method were testified in card No. 0419 in 2012, the author’s prediction card, which can apply to predict for intracrustal strong earthquakes and volcano activities within the global twenty four seismic cones. The purpose of this paper is to develop the tools and methods of the prediction of future earthquake and volcano.展开更多
Periodontitis is a frequent chronic inflammatory disorder destroying periodontium.Recent studies have revealed the role of bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitor(BETi)and microRNA(miR)-130a in regulating macro...Periodontitis is a frequent chronic inflammatory disorder destroying periodontium.Recent studies have revealed the role of bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitor(BETi)and microRNA(miR)-130a in regulating macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory response.However,little is known about whether apabetalone(a novel BETi)and miR-130a are correlated with chronic inflammatory state in periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization.Here murine RAW264.7 macrophages were applied as an in vitro inflammatory model.After treatment with Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide(Pg LPS)and apabetalone,the expression of macrophage M1 polarization markers and inflammatory cytokines was assessed using real-time PCR,western blot,and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).MiR-130a level was assessed using real-time PCR,and the target gene was identified using dual luciferase reporter assay.We demonstrated that apabetalone repressed Pg LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization in a dose-dependent manner,as evidenced by decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),CD86,and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and increased expression of Arg-1 and CD206.Mechanistically,Pg LPS increased miR-130a expression in macrophages,whereas apabetalone treatment repressed the effect.Functionally,forced expression of miR-130a promoted macrophage M1 polarization,and signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)-3 was the direct target gene of miR-130a in the process.Taken together,apabetalone decreases Pg LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via regulating miR-130a-3p/STAT3 axis,and may be a promising target for the clinical management of periodontitis.展开更多
1.Introduction Driven by the engineering application of transportation and aerospace,simultaneously achieving excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are urgently required for the next-generation Al m...1.Introduction Driven by the engineering application of transportation and aerospace,simultaneously achieving excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are urgently required for the next-generation Al matrix composites(AMCs)[1,2].展开更多
As an important branch of machine learning,clustering analysis is widely used in some fields,e.g.,image pattern recognition,social network analysis,information security,and so on.In this paper,we consider the designin...As an important branch of machine learning,clustering analysis is widely used in some fields,e.g.,image pattern recognition,social network analysis,information security,and so on.In this paper,we consider the designing of clustering algorithm in quantum scenario,and propose a quantum hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm,which is based on one dimension discrete quantum walk with single-point phase defects.In the proposed algorithm,two nonclassical characters of this kind of quantum walk,localization and ballistic effects,are exploited.At first,each data point is viewed as a particle and performed this kind of quantum walk with a parameter,which is determined by its neighbors.After that,the particles are measured in a calculation basis.In terms of the measurement result,every attribute value of the corresponding data point is modified appropriately.In this way,each data point interacts with its neighbors and moves toward a certain center point.At last,this process is repeated several times until similar data points cluster together and form distinct classes.Simulation experiments on the synthetic and real world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.Compared with some classical algorithms,the proposed algorithm achieves better clustering results.Moreover,combining quantum cluster assignment method,the presented algorithm can speed up the calculating velocity.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy(PTT)represents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.This study aimed to develop arsenic trioxide(ATO)and poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole)(PCPDTBT)-loaded nanoparticles(ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs)to evaluate their synergistic efficacy in inhibiting lung cancer growth and metastasis.Methods:Nanovesicles were synthesized via a streamlined protocol and subjected to 808 nm NIR irradiation to assess their photothermal conversion capabilities.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vitro using A549 lung carcinoma cells to assess apoptosis,invasion,and migration,and in vivo to monitor tumor volume reduction.Results:The nanoparticles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity while demonstrating robust photothermal conversion,inducing a rapid 20.8℃ temperature rise within five minutes.In vitro,ATO enhanced apoptotic pathways and suppressed metastasis,while the combination therapy significantly reduced cell viability(OD:0.23 vs.0.62 in controls)and migration(13.6%vs.74.9%),outperforming monotherapies.In vivo,the chemo-photothermal treatment reduced tumor volumes by 2.5-and 3-fold compared to ATO or PTT alone,confirming superior antitumor effects.Conclusions:These findings highlight the dual-action ATO/PCPDTBT@NPs nanoplatform as a potential multifaceted strategy for effective tumor suppression and metastasis inhibition.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371136)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.202202AG050004).
文摘Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,a combination of molecular level mixing(MLM),segment ball milling(SBM),and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites(TiC-CNT/Cu)reinforced with TiC decorated CNT(TiC@CNT)and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles.The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT(i.e.,CNT(0002)//TiC(200),and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix,which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT.The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration,thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism.Moreover,the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation,thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite.The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.%CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa,achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270,while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%.Furthermore,the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7%compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite,reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m^(2),thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness.Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.
文摘The slow oxygen reaction kinetics of air electrodes impair the performance of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs);hence,it is imperative to design novel air electrodes featuring excellent catalytic activity and endurance.Here,we report an Rb-doped double perovskite PrBa_(0.8)Ca_(0.1)Rb_(0.1)Co_(2)O_(5+δ)(denoted as PBCR_(0.1)C)as an air electrode for R-PCECs,displaying a low polarization resistance of 0.044Ωcm^(2) at 700℃ and excellent stability during exposure to humid air(3 vol%H_(2)O).The high performance is attributed to the high electrical conductivity,high concentration of oxygen vacancies,and fast surface exchange,as verified by the analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric testing,and conductivity tests.The R-PCECs with the PBCR_(0.1)C air electrode demonstrate an encouraging performance at 700℃:a peak power density of 2.32 W cm^(-2) in a fuel cell(FC)mode and an electrolysis current density of-3.55 A cm^(-2) at 1.3 V in an electrolysis(EL)mode.At 30 vol%steam concentration,a Faraday efficiency of 87.80%and a corresponding H_(2) production rate of 3.05 mL min^(-1) cm^(-2) at a current density of-0.5 A cm^(-2) at 650℃.Additionally,the durability of the cell in the FC mode(120 h),EL mode(120 h),and cycling FC/EL mode(100 h)at 650℃ suggests the great potential of PBCR_(0.1)C as the highly reactive and robust air electrodes of R-PCECs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52408439 and 52478422)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2023-JC-YB-378),China+3 种基金the Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.0959202513050),Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities(No.226-2024-00099),Chinathe Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20241518)the Xi'an Shiyou University Graduate Student Innovation Fund Program(No.YCX2512041),China.
文摘The construction of bifurcated tunnels is essential to advancing urban infrastructure systems,as they conserve land,reduce carbon emissions,and optimize traffic.However,the bifurcation structure of the parallel confluence section of such tunnels poses significant challenges in the design and operation of the tunnel ventilation system,in terms of both the internal and external environment.In this work,the flow and loss characteristics of parallel confluence sections are studied with numerical simulations and model experiments.The influences of the confluence ratio q and the confluence angle O on the flow characteristics and loss mechanisms of the parallel confluence section are revealed theoretically.The results indicate that when q is small,the high-velocity airflow from the mainline entrains the low-speed airflow from the ramp,leading to flow separation at the upper connection between the parallel section and the gradual transition section;when q is large,the high-velocity airflow from the ramp entrains the low-speed airflow from the mainline,resulting in flow separation on the side of the confluence section adjacent to the mainline.Additionally,the mismatch between the airflow ratio Q and cross-sectional area ratio of the mainline tunnel and the ramp prior to confluence enhances the jet entrainment effect,increases the curvature of the streamline,expands the range of the flow separation area,and generates higher confluence loss coefficients|K_(13)|and|K_(23)|of the mainline and the ramp.For small q,|K_(13)|,and|K_(23)|,remain relatively constant with respect toθ,whereas for large q,both|K_(13)|and|K_(23)|decrease asθincreases.Finally,a semi-empirical formula is proposed to predict the loss coefficients for parallel bifurcated tunnels with confluence angles ranging from 5°to 15°.This study provides insights into the aerodynamic behaviour and loss mechanisms in bifurcated tunnels,offering guidelines for enhancing the efficiency of tunnel ventilation systems in tunnel-like underground infrastructure.
文摘Heterostructure photocatalysts with a built-in electric field have become one of the most promising strategies to enhance photogenerated electron-hole pair separation. However, close contact between the two active components of heterogeneous photocatalysts remains a problem. Herein, the in-situ fabrication of an SnO2/SnS2 heterostructure photocatalyst was performed;the structure showed enhanced photocatalytic performance resulting from the tight-contact heterostructures. The results of photoelectrochemical measurements further verified that a tight-contact heterostructure improved the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The results of EIS Bode plots also demonstrated that such in-situ fabricated SnO2/SnS2 samples exhibited the longest carrier lifetime(41.6 μs) owing to the intimate interface of SnO2/SnS2 heterostructures.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401692,31901960,32272513,32001976)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01766,2023J011418,2020J05177)+3 种基金Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Key Project(2022NZ030014)External Cooperation Program of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(DWHZ-2024-23)State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop Opening Project(SKL2019005)Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JAT190627)。
文摘Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11572285 and 11872334).
文摘Cells were suggested to sense matrix rigidity by applying fluctuating forces, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here with a generic filament-crosslinker modeling system for stress fibers, we demonstrate that high mechanical forces can be induced by specific protein-protein interactions with biased kinetics. Strikingly, we further find that there exist two patterns of force generation, a stable pattern and a fluctuated pattern, in agreement with previous experimental observations. Our analysis indicates that the fluctuated force profile is essentially due to force-induced structural instability during structural assembly. We suggest that how cells utilize or circumvent such stable forces or fluctuated forces may be important in other biological processes as well, though whether such forces should be regarded as passive or active is still tentative.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81102595the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,No.2012GXNSFAA053113
文摘Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neurons. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was identified as one of the key pathways underlying this differentiation process. The present study shows phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated p38 protein expression was increased after differentiation. Cellular signaling pathway blocking agents, PD98059 and SB203580, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways respectively, mRNA and protein expression of the neuronal marker, neuron specific enolase, and neural stem cell marker, nestin, were decreased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after treatment with the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Experimental findings indicate that, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, induced by the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction.
文摘The study in this paper analyzes and compares the distribution on the global engine active seismic zone and cooling seismic belt basing on the ANSS earthquake catalog from Northern California Earthquake Data Center. An idea of the seismogenesis and earthquake prediction research is achieved by showing the stratigraphic structure in the hot engine belt. The results show that the main engine and its seismic cones are the global seismic activity area, as well as the subject of global geological disaster. Based on the conjecture of other stratum structure, the energy of crustal strong earthquake and volcano activities probably originates from the deep upper mantle. It is suggested that the research on earthquake and volcano prediction should focus on the monitor and analysis on the sub-crustal earthquake activities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177253,41807476,41706186)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2022A1515010197)。
文摘The microbial communities colonized on microplastics(MPs)have attracted widespread attention.However,few studies focused on the MPs impacts on mangrove ecosystems,particularly on bacterial communities.We investigated the MPs pollution in mangrove of Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary(ZRE).To study the potential risk posed by MPs to the mangrove ecosystems,the differences in bacterial communities,functions,and complexity between MPs and sediment samples were reported for the first time.Microplastics(2991±1586 items/kg dry weight(dw))in sediment were mainly fibers and polyethylene,mostly transparent,and in size less than 0.5 mm.Bacterial communities and functions significantly differed from MPs in mangrove sediment.Compared with sediment,MPs significantly enriched members of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,as well as the bacteria associated with plastic-degrading and human diseases on their surface,suggesting that microbial communities on MPs may promote MPs degradation and the spread of diseases,posing potential risk to mangrove ecosystems and human health.Although bacteria on MPs exhibited a lower diversity,the co-occurrence network analysis indicated that network of bacteria colonized on MPs was bigger and more complex than those of mangrove sediment,illustrating that MPs can act as a distinct habitat in this special ecosystem.This study provides a new perspective for increasing our understanding of microplastic pollution in mangrove ecosystems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J06006)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300700)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770156)State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops(SKL2018006)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents of Fujian Province Universitythe Pre-eminent Youth Fund and Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Provincesupported by the Supercomputing Center at the College of Plant Protection of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University。
文摘DNA methylation participates in regulating the expression of coding and non-coding regions in plants. To investigate the association between DNA methylation and pathogen infection, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to survey temporal DNA methylation changes in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In contrast to previous findings in Arabidopsis, global DNA methylation levels in rice increased slightly after rice blast infection. We identified over 38,000 differentially methylated regions(DMRs), and hypermethylated DMRs far outnumbered hypomethylated DMRs. Most DMRs were located in transposable element regions. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 8830 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) after 1, 3, and 5 days of infection. Over one-third of DEGs, most of which were CHH-type DMRs, were associated with DMRs. Functional analysis of the CHH DMR-DEGs indicated their involvement in many important biological processes, including cell communication and response to external stimulus. The transcription of many NBS-LRR family genes was affected by changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that DNA methylation plays essential roles in the response of rice to M. oryzae infection. More broadly, the DNA methylation analysis presented here sheds light on epigenomic involvement in plant defense against fungal pathogens.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01105)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101090003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2701100)These supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.
文摘This paper adopts the earthquake catalogue of the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), in accordance with the principles of Seismo-Geothermics Theory and the concept of seismic cone;it discusses the integrity of the earthquake catalogue and the overview of Mediterranean seismic cones;it focuses on the structural details and structural feature of the Italian branch of the Mediterranean seismic cone;it deduces the precursory process of subcrustal earthquake activities before two earthquakes magnitude over 6 and the eruptions of Etna volcano since 2005;then it summarizes the prediction working method of Seismo-Geothermics on estimating the general shell strength, the general period, and the rough location of future earthquake or volcano activities;and finally it discusses and explains some possible problems. The principle and working process of this method were testified in card No. 0419 in 2012, the author’s prediction card, which can apply to predict for intracrustal strong earthquakes and volcano activities within the global twenty four seismic cones. The purpose of this paper is to develop the tools and methods of the prediction of future earthquake and volcano.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.81901004)the Youth Program Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission grant(Grant No.20194Y0227)Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Science Foundation(Grant No.SSDC-2018-02).
文摘Periodontitis is a frequent chronic inflammatory disorder destroying periodontium.Recent studies have revealed the role of bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitor(BETi)and microRNA(miR)-130a in regulating macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory response.However,little is known about whether apabetalone(a novel BETi)and miR-130a are correlated with chronic inflammatory state in periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization.Here murine RAW264.7 macrophages were applied as an in vitro inflammatory model.After treatment with Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide(Pg LPS)and apabetalone,the expression of macrophage M1 polarization markers and inflammatory cytokines was assessed using real-time PCR,western blot,and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).MiR-130a level was assessed using real-time PCR,and the target gene was identified using dual luciferase reporter assay.We demonstrated that apabetalone repressed Pg LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization in a dose-dependent manner,as evidenced by decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),CD86,and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and increased expression of Arg-1 and CD206.Mechanistically,Pg LPS increased miR-130a expression in macrophages,whereas apabetalone treatment repressed the effect.Functionally,forced expression of miR-130a promoted macrophage M1 polarization,and signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)-3 was the direct target gene of miR-130a in the process.Taken together,apabetalone decreases Pg LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via regulating miR-130a-3p/STAT3 axis,and may be a promising target for the clinical management of periodontitis.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52271010,52201162,and 52101181)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (key program,No.21JCZDJC00510)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M712344).
文摘1.Introduction Driven by the engineering application of transportation and aerospace,simultaneously achieving excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are urgently required for the next-generation Al matrix composites(AMCs)[1,2].
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.61976053 and 61772134)Fujian Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2018J01776)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University,Probability and Statistics:Theory and Application(Grant No.IRTL1704)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University.
文摘As an important branch of machine learning,clustering analysis is widely used in some fields,e.g.,image pattern recognition,social network analysis,information security,and so on.In this paper,we consider the designing of clustering algorithm in quantum scenario,and propose a quantum hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm,which is based on one dimension discrete quantum walk with single-point phase defects.In the proposed algorithm,two nonclassical characters of this kind of quantum walk,localization and ballistic effects,are exploited.At first,each data point is viewed as a particle and performed this kind of quantum walk with a parameter,which is determined by its neighbors.After that,the particles are measured in a calculation basis.In terms of the measurement result,every attribute value of the corresponding data point is modified appropriately.In this way,each data point interacts with its neighbors and moves toward a certain center point.At last,this process is repeated several times until similar data points cluster together and form distinct classes.Simulation experiments on the synthetic and real world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.Compared with some classical algorithms,the proposed algorithm achieves better clustering results.Moreover,combining quantum cluster assignment method,the presented algorithm can speed up the calculating velocity.
