BACKGROUND In December 2019,an ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was first identified in Wuhan,China.The characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated in local hospitals in Wuhan are not fully repre...BACKGROUND In December 2019,an ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was first identified in Wuhan,China.The characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated in local hospitals in Wuhan are not fully representative of patients outside Wuhan.Therefore,it is highly essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in areas outside Wuhan or Hubei Province.To date,a limited number of studies have concentrated on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different genders,clinical classification,and with or without basic diseases.AIM To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hengyang(China)and provide a reliable reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19.METHODS From January 16 to March 2,2020,a total of 48 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Hengyang,and those cases were included in this study.The diagnostic criteria,clinical classification,and discharge standard related to COVID-19 were in line with the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(Trial Version 7)released by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swab specimens was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.All the data were imported into the excel worksheet and statistically analyzed by using SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS A total of 48 cases of COVID-19 were collected,of which 1 was mild,38 were moderate,and 9 were severe.It was unveiled that there were 31(64.6%)male patients and 17(35.4%)female patients,with a female-to-male ratio of 1.82:1.The range of age of patients with COVID-19 was dominantly 30-49 years old[25(52.1%)of 48],followed by those aged over 60 years old[11(22.9%)].Besides,29.2%(14 of 48)of patients had basic diseases,and 57.2%(8 of 14)of patients with basic diseases were aged over 60 years old.The occupations of 48 COVID-19 patients were mainly farmers working in agricultural production[15(31.5%)of 48],rural migrant workers from Hengyang to Wuhan[15(31.5%)],and service workers operating in the service sector[8(16.7%)].The mean latent period was 6.86±3.57 d,and the median was 7[interquartile range(IQR):4-9]d.The mean time from onset of symptoms to the first physician visit was 3.38±2.98(95%CI:2.58-9.18)d,with a median of 2(IQR:1-5)d,and the mean time from hospital admission to confirmed diagnosis was 2.29±2.11(95%CI:1.18-6.42)d,with a median of 2(IQR:1-3)d.The main symptoms were fever[43(89.6%)of 48],cough and expectoration[41(85.4%)],fatigue[22(45.8%)],and chills[22(45.8%)].Other symptoms included poor appetite[13(27.1%)],sore throat[9(18.8%)],dyspnea[9(18.8%)],diarrhea[7(14.6%)],dizziness[5(10.4%)],headache[5(10.4%)],muscle pain[5(10.4%)],nausea and vomiting[4(8.3%)],hemoptysis[4(8.3%)],and runny nose[1(2.1%)].The numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes,lymphocytes,and eosinophils were significantly reduced in the majority of the patients.The levels of C-reactive protein,fibrinogen,blood glucose,lactate dehydrogenase,Ddimer,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT),myoglobin(MB),and creatine kinase(CK)were increased in 64.6%,44.7%,43.2%,37.0%,29.5%,22.9%,20.8%,21.6%,13.6%,and 12.8%of patients,respectively.The incidence of ALT elevation in male patients was remarkably higher than that in females(P<0.01),while the incidences of AST,CK,and blood glucose elevations in severe patients were remarkably higher than those in moderate patients(P<0.05,respectively).Except for the mild patients,chest computed tomography showed characteristic pulmonary lesions.All the patients received antiviral drugs,38(79.2%)accepted traditional Chinese medicine,and 2(4.2%)received treatment of human umbilical-cord mesenchymal stem cells.On March 2,2020,48 patients with COVID-19 were all cured and discharged.CONCLUSION Based on our results,patients with COVID-19 often have multiple organ dysfunction or damage.The incidences of ALT elevation in males,and AST,CK,and blood glucose elevations in severe patients are remarkably higher.展开更多
为了明确长期使用微生物杀虫剂和化学农药对水稻田土壤微生物种群数量和代谢功能多样性的影响,本文采用分离培养技术和Biolog微平板法相结合对长期施用微生物农药苏云·稻纵颗(CnmeGV·Bt)和化学杀虫剂的稻田土壤微生物数量、...为了明确长期使用微生物杀虫剂和化学农药对水稻田土壤微生物种群数量和代谢功能多样性的影响,本文采用分离培养技术和Biolog微平板法相结合对长期施用微生物农药苏云·稻纵颗(CnmeGV·Bt)和化学杀虫剂的稻田土壤微生物数量、代谢功能活性及碳源利用类型多样性等进行研究。结果表明:与常规化学杀虫剂相比较,施用CnmeGV·Bt后土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均显著增加,分别为化学杀虫剂处理的1.86倍、1.75倍和1.34倍。进一步筛选发现真菌中木霉菌数量高于化学杀虫剂处理,差异显著。细菌中芽孢杆菌、溶磷功能菌、解钾功能菌数量与化学杀虫剂处理无显著差异。不同处理后土壤微生物群落平均颜色变化率(AWCD值)随时间变化趋势基本一致,开始的48 h AWCD变化很小,48~144 h快速升高。CnmeGV·Bt处理后AWCD值在48~192 h均显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。CnmeGV·Bt处理后土壤微生物群落Shannon多样性指数之间无显著变化,Simpson指数和Invsimpson指数显著提高。CnmeGV·Bt处理后土壤微生物对多种类型碳源的利用发生变化。对7种糖类、2种氨基酸类、6种己糖酸类、7种羧酸、酯和脂肪酸类的利用强度显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。对4种糖类、3种羧酸、酯和脂肪酸类的利用强度显著低于化学杀虫剂处理。主成分分析表明,与CnmeGV·Bt处理相关的碳源主要是葡糖醛酰胺、粘液酸、果胶、L-鼠李糖、?-甲酰-D-葡糖苷等,与化学杀虫剂处理相关的碳源主要是龙胆二糖、L-岩藻糖、D-苹果酸等。研究结果说明稻田应用微生物杀虫剂替代化学杀虫剂能够促进土壤微生物数量及其代谢功能,对于Bt类生物农药应用的环境行为及生态效应评价具有重要意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Project of University of South China,No.2020-15 and No.2020-25the Hengyang Science and Technology Plan Project-Basic Research Project of Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia,No.202010031577+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.A2017015the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2016JJ5010the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373465.
文摘BACKGROUND In December 2019,an ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was first identified in Wuhan,China.The characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated in local hospitals in Wuhan are not fully representative of patients outside Wuhan.Therefore,it is highly essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in areas outside Wuhan or Hubei Province.To date,a limited number of studies have concentrated on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different genders,clinical classification,and with or without basic diseases.AIM To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hengyang(China)and provide a reliable reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19.METHODS From January 16 to March 2,2020,a total of 48 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Hengyang,and those cases were included in this study.The diagnostic criteria,clinical classification,and discharge standard related to COVID-19 were in line with the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(Trial Version 7)released by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swab specimens was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.All the data were imported into the excel worksheet and statistically analyzed by using SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS A total of 48 cases of COVID-19 were collected,of which 1 was mild,38 were moderate,and 9 were severe.It was unveiled that there were 31(64.6%)male patients and 17(35.4%)female patients,with a female-to-male ratio of 1.82:1.The range of age of patients with COVID-19 was dominantly 30-49 years old[25(52.1%)of 48],followed by those aged over 60 years old[11(22.9%)].Besides,29.2%(14 of 48)of patients had basic diseases,and 57.2%(8 of 14)of patients with basic diseases were aged over 60 years old.The occupations of 48 COVID-19 patients were mainly farmers working in agricultural production[15(31.5%)of 48],rural migrant workers from Hengyang to Wuhan[15(31.5%)],and service workers operating in the service sector[8(16.7%)].The mean latent period was 6.86±3.57 d,and the median was 7[interquartile range(IQR):4-9]d.The mean time from onset of symptoms to the first physician visit was 3.38±2.98(95%CI:2.58-9.18)d,with a median of 2(IQR:1-5)d,and the mean time from hospital admission to confirmed diagnosis was 2.29±2.11(95%CI:1.18-6.42)d,with a median of 2(IQR:1-3)d.The main symptoms were fever[43(89.6%)of 48],cough and expectoration[41(85.4%)],fatigue[22(45.8%)],and chills[22(45.8%)].Other symptoms included poor appetite[13(27.1%)],sore throat[9(18.8%)],dyspnea[9(18.8%)],diarrhea[7(14.6%)],dizziness[5(10.4%)],headache[5(10.4%)],muscle pain[5(10.4%)],nausea and vomiting[4(8.3%)],hemoptysis[4(8.3%)],and runny nose[1(2.1%)].The numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes,lymphocytes,and eosinophils were significantly reduced in the majority of the patients.The levels of C-reactive protein,fibrinogen,blood glucose,lactate dehydrogenase,Ddimer,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT),myoglobin(MB),and creatine kinase(CK)were increased in 64.6%,44.7%,43.2%,37.0%,29.5%,22.9%,20.8%,21.6%,13.6%,and 12.8%of patients,respectively.The incidence of ALT elevation in male patients was remarkably higher than that in females(P<0.01),while the incidences of AST,CK,and blood glucose elevations in severe patients were remarkably higher than those in moderate patients(P<0.05,respectively).Except for the mild patients,chest computed tomography showed characteristic pulmonary lesions.All the patients received antiviral drugs,38(79.2%)accepted traditional Chinese medicine,and 2(4.2%)received treatment of human umbilical-cord mesenchymal stem cells.On March 2,2020,48 patients with COVID-19 were all cured and discharged.CONCLUSION Based on our results,patients with COVID-19 often have multiple organ dysfunction or damage.The incidences of ALT elevation in males,and AST,CK,and blood glucose elevations in severe patients are remarkably higher.
文摘为了明确长期使用微生物杀虫剂和化学农药对水稻田土壤微生物种群数量和代谢功能多样性的影响,本文采用分离培养技术和Biolog微平板法相结合对长期施用微生物农药苏云·稻纵颗(CnmeGV·Bt)和化学杀虫剂的稻田土壤微生物数量、代谢功能活性及碳源利用类型多样性等进行研究。结果表明:与常规化学杀虫剂相比较,施用CnmeGV·Bt后土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均显著增加,分别为化学杀虫剂处理的1.86倍、1.75倍和1.34倍。进一步筛选发现真菌中木霉菌数量高于化学杀虫剂处理,差异显著。细菌中芽孢杆菌、溶磷功能菌、解钾功能菌数量与化学杀虫剂处理无显著差异。不同处理后土壤微生物群落平均颜色变化率(AWCD值)随时间变化趋势基本一致,开始的48 h AWCD变化很小,48~144 h快速升高。CnmeGV·Bt处理后AWCD值在48~192 h均显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。CnmeGV·Bt处理后土壤微生物群落Shannon多样性指数之间无显著变化,Simpson指数和Invsimpson指数显著提高。CnmeGV·Bt处理后土壤微生物对多种类型碳源的利用发生变化。对7种糖类、2种氨基酸类、6种己糖酸类、7种羧酸、酯和脂肪酸类的利用强度显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。对4种糖类、3种羧酸、酯和脂肪酸类的利用强度显著低于化学杀虫剂处理。主成分分析表明,与CnmeGV·Bt处理相关的碳源主要是葡糖醛酰胺、粘液酸、果胶、L-鼠李糖、?-甲酰-D-葡糖苷等,与化学杀虫剂处理相关的碳源主要是龙胆二糖、L-岩藻糖、D-苹果酸等。研究结果说明稻田应用微生物杀虫剂替代化学杀虫剂能够促进土壤微生物数量及其代谢功能,对于Bt类生物农药应用的环境行为及生态效应评价具有重要意义。
