Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in A...Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in Asia.Whether the risk estimates for smoking-related stroke in China and all Asian countries are still unknown which is worth evaluating.Thus,this study aims to compare the Relative Risk(RR)of smoking-attributed stroke among the Chinese and Asian populations.Methods A literature search was conducted from the inception to September 10,2022.Studies meeting the criteria were included.The articles were screened,and related information was extracted.Pooled RRs stratified by smoking status and sex were analyzed,including subgroup analyses for China,other Asian countries,and Asia overall.Finally,publication bias and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results Thirty-seven articles on the Chinese population and 15 on other Asian populations were included,with a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)score of 7.25.About ever smokers,there had no statistical difference existed in both sexes and females between China and other Asian countries,while the RR of males in other Asian countries[2.31(1.38,3.86)]was higher than that in China[1.21(1.15,1.26)];further subgroup analysis indicated that other Asian countries had higher RR[3.76(3.02,4.67)]in the morbidity subgroup.The RRs of both sexes,males and females,between China and the whole of Asia were not statistically different.As for current and former smokers,no meaningful statistical difference was observed in the pooled RRs of both sexes,males and females,in China,other Asian countries,and all of Asia.Conclusion The RR of males ever smokers in China was smaller than that in other Asian countries due to the few articles of morbidity subgroup,but had no statistical difference with the whole of Asia;other groups of ever smokers,current smokers,and former smokers were not statistically significant with other Asian countries or the whole of Asia.展开更多
Cause of death surveillance data is most important for developing effective health policies,whose quality is crucially affected by the accuracy of the underlying cause of death(UCOD)provided in death certificates.The ...Cause of death surveillance data is most important for developing effective health policies,whose quality is crucially affected by the accuracy of the underlying cause of death(UCOD)provided in death certificates.The World Health Organization(WHO)has clearly defined a UCOD as“the disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death,or the circumstance of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injuries”[1].展开更多
Novel cellulose based flocculants C-g-P(DMC) with various chain architectures are synthesized through a situ graft copolymerization. The cationic ammonium chloride group(DMC) is grafted onto cellulose by two separate ...Novel cellulose based flocculants C-g-P(DMC) with various chain architectures are synthesized through a situ graft copolymerization. The cationic ammonium chloride group(DMC) is grafted onto cellulose by two separate inverse emulsion polymerization with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane(KH-570) and double bond addition reactions, which is a new and simple method to employ KH-570 as a bridge for the connection of cellulose matrix and DMC group. The effects of pH, flocculant dose, standing time on turbidity of kaolin suspensions and particle sizes have been studied systematically. In addition, the response surface methodology(RSM) study confirms that PAC and C-g-P(DMC)have synergy in turbidity removal with a higher removal efficiency of 98.32%. Moreover, C-g-P(DMC) 1 has higher removal efficiency with 96.5% at a low dosage of 0.6 mg L^(-1) and better floc properties than C-g-P(DMC) 2 and C-g-P(DMC) 3, suggesting that the length and quantity of cationic branch chains play a crucial role in Kaolin flocculation due to their dramatically enhanced bridging effects.展开更多
Objective To determine the validity of the diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals. Methods All information collected from medical records of the deceased cases in tertiary care health facilities was input...Objective To determine the validity of the diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals. Methods All information collected from medical records of the deceased cases in tertiary care health facilities was input into ottr database. Four diagnosis levels were determined based on level of diagnostic evidence： level Ⅰ was based on autopsy, pathology or operative exploration, level Ⅱ on physical and laboratory tests plus expert clinical judgment, level Ⅲ on expert clinical judgment, level Ⅳ on postmortem assumptions. After the diagnostic evidence of each deceased case was reviewed by a panel of three experts, the diagnostic level of each diagnosis was determined. Results Among the 2102 medical cases for verbal autopsy study, only 26 （1.24%） afforded diagnostic evidence for level Ⅲ Among the level Ⅲ evidence-based cases of death, the major causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and gastroenterological diseases. According to some special symptoms and medical histories, these cases could be diagnosed by comprehensive clinical judgment. Only one case met the criteria for level Ⅳ. Conclusion Level Ⅰ diagnostic evidence is hard to attain in China because of the traditional concept and economic restriction. The causes for 2101 deaths can be validated by level Ⅱ or Ⅲ diagnostic evidence.展开更多
As a part of ongoing investigations on Neolucanus from Chinese fauna, N. swinhoei hengshanensis Ichikawa ＆ Fujita, 1987 is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. imitator Kriesche, 1935 based on the types examination. H...As a part of ongoing investigations on Neolucanus from Chinese fauna, N. swinhoei hengshanensis Ichikawa ＆ Fujita, 1987 is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. imitator Kriesche, 1935 based on the types examination. Holotype of the little-known species of N. tao Kriesche, 1935 and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time, in comparison with the sympatric species of N. guangxi Schenk, 2009. Wrong diagnoses of N. nitidus （Saunders, 1854） are pointed out in two widely used books published by Japanese researchers. In order to correct these errors, type specimen of this species and its intraspecific variations are exhibited, with brief discussion on its problematic subspecies. The poorly known species ofN. pallescens Leuthner, 1885 is redescribed with the discovery of its false type specimen. All of the type habitus, figures of male genitalia including female genitalia are given.展开更多
Prosopocoilus gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and its seven allied species from China are revised. Lectotype, paralectotypes of P. gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and P. denticulatus （Boileau, 1901） are designated. The doub...Prosopocoilus gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and its seven allied species from China are revised. Lectotype, paralectotypes of P. gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and P. denticulatus （Boileau, 1901） are designated. The doubtful species, P. piceipennis （Westwood, 1855） is evidently confirmed as a valid species with verification of its type depository. Two highly similar species, P. crenulidens （Fairmaire, 1895） and P. denticulatus （Boileau, 1901） are compared in detail for correcting longstanding wrong diagnoses of them. P. similis Schenk, 2009 is illustrated with male genitalia firstly. Two recently-published species, P. andreasi Schenk, 2009 and P. katsurai Fujita, 2010 are treated as new junior synonyms. All the five valid species in this paper are redescribed, with illustrations of adult （including type） habitus, male and female genitalia if they are available. A key to large males is provided for identifying them briefly.展开更多
基金funded by the State Key Laboratory Special Fund(2060204)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2023-I2M-2-001)Strengthen Capacity of Study and Application on the Burden of Disease in Health Care Systems in China:Establishment and Development of Chinese Burden of Disease Research and Dissemination Center(15-208)supported by the China Medical Board(CMB)。
文摘Objective Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide,with the highest incidence in Asia,particularly in China,where smoking remains a major risk factor.The smoking prevalence in China is similar to that in Asia.Whether the risk estimates for smoking-related stroke in China and all Asian countries are still unknown which is worth evaluating.Thus,this study aims to compare the Relative Risk(RR)of smoking-attributed stroke among the Chinese and Asian populations.Methods A literature search was conducted from the inception to September 10,2022.Studies meeting the criteria were included.The articles were screened,and related information was extracted.Pooled RRs stratified by smoking status and sex were analyzed,including subgroup analyses for China,other Asian countries,and Asia overall.Finally,publication bias and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results Thirty-seven articles on the Chinese population and 15 on other Asian populations were included,with a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)score of 7.25.About ever smokers,there had no statistical difference existed in both sexes and females between China and other Asian countries,while the RR of males in other Asian countries[2.31(1.38,3.86)]was higher than that in China[1.21(1.15,1.26)];further subgroup analysis indicated that other Asian countries had higher RR[3.76(3.02,4.67)]in the morbidity subgroup.The RRs of both sexes,males and females,between China and the whole of Asia were not statistically different.As for current and former smokers,no meaningful statistical difference was observed in the pooled RRs of both sexes,males and females,in China,other Asian countries,and all of Asia.Conclusion The RR of males ever smokers in China was smaller than that in other Asian countries due to the few articles of morbidity subgroup,but had no statistical difference with the whole of Asia;other groups of ever smokers,current smokers,and former smokers were not statistically significant with other Asian countries or the whole of Asia.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory Special Fund(2060204)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2023-I2M-2-001)+1 种基金The Collaborative Innovation Team Project:Health Effect of Environmental Factors and Gut Microbiome on Digestive Tract-Related Diseases:Population-Based Cohort Studies(2016-12M-3-001)supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical SciencesStrengthen Capacity of Study and Application on the Burden of Disease in Health Care Systems in China:Establishment and Development of Chinese Burden of Disease Research and Dissemination Center(15-208)supported by the China Medical Board(CMB).
文摘Cause of death surveillance data is most important for developing effective health policies,whose quality is crucially affected by the accuracy of the underlying cause of death(UCOD)provided in death certificates.The World Health Organization(WHO)has clearly defined a UCOD as“the disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death,or the circumstance of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injuries”[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51379077,21607044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016MS108)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2017502069)
文摘Novel cellulose based flocculants C-g-P(DMC) with various chain architectures are synthesized through a situ graft copolymerization. The cationic ammonium chloride group(DMC) is grafted onto cellulose by two separate inverse emulsion polymerization with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane(KH-570) and double bond addition reactions, which is a new and simple method to employ KH-570 as a bridge for the connection of cellulose matrix and DMC group. The effects of pH, flocculant dose, standing time on turbidity of kaolin suspensions and particle sizes have been studied systematically. In addition, the response surface methodology(RSM) study confirms that PAC and C-g-P(DMC)have synergy in turbidity removal with a higher removal efficiency of 98.32%. Moreover, C-g-P(DMC) 1 has higher removal efficiency with 96.5% at a low dosage of 0.6 mg L^(-1) and better floc properties than C-g-P(DMC) 2 and C-g-P(DMC) 3, suggesting that the length and quantity of cationic branch chains play a crucial role in Kaolin flocculation due to their dramatically enhanced bridging effects.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Institute of Aging Grant (No. 1-PO1-AG17625)
文摘Objective To determine the validity of the diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals. Methods All information collected from medical records of the deceased cases in tertiary care health facilities was input into ottr database. Four diagnosis levels were determined based on level of diagnostic evidence： level Ⅰ was based on autopsy, pathology or operative exploration, level Ⅱ on physical and laboratory tests plus expert clinical judgment, level Ⅲ on expert clinical judgment, level Ⅳ on postmortem assumptions. After the diagnostic evidence of each deceased case was reviewed by a panel of three experts, the diagnostic level of each diagnosis was determined. Results Among the 2102 medical cases for verbal autopsy study, only 26 （1.24%） afforded diagnostic evidence for level Ⅲ Among the level Ⅲ evidence-based cases of death, the major causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and gastroenterological diseases. According to some special symptoms and medical histories, these cases could be diagnosed by comprehensive clinical judgment. Only one case met the criteria for level Ⅳ. Conclusion Level Ⅰ diagnostic evidence is hard to attain in China because of the traditional concept and economic restriction. The causes for 2101 deaths can be validated by level Ⅱ or Ⅲ diagnostic evidence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071954,31201745)the Research Fund for Young Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(20103401120006)
文摘As a part of ongoing investigations on Neolucanus from Chinese fauna, N. swinhoei hengshanensis Ichikawa ＆ Fujita, 1987 is confirmed as a junior synonym of N. imitator Kriesche, 1935 based on the types examination. Holotype of the little-known species of N. tao Kriesche, 1935 and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time, in comparison with the sympatric species of N. guangxi Schenk, 2009. Wrong diagnoses of N. nitidus （Saunders, 1854） are pointed out in two widely used books published by Japanese researchers. In order to correct these errors, type specimen of this species and its intraspecific variations are exhibited, with brief discussion on its problematic subspecies. The poorly known species ofN. pallescens Leuthner, 1885 is redescribed with the discovery of its false type specimen. All of the type habitus, figures of male genitalia including female genitalia are given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071954,31201745)the Research Fund for Young Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(20103401120006)
文摘Prosopocoilus gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and its seven allied species from China are revised. Lectotype, paralectotypes of P. gracilis （Saunders, 1854） and P. denticulatus （Boileau, 1901） are designated. The doubtful species, P. piceipennis （Westwood, 1855） is evidently confirmed as a valid species with verification of its type depository. Two highly similar species, P. crenulidens （Fairmaire, 1895） and P. denticulatus （Boileau, 1901） are compared in detail for correcting longstanding wrong diagnoses of them. P. similis Schenk, 2009 is illustrated with male genitalia firstly. Two recently-published species, P. andreasi Schenk, 2009 and P. katsurai Fujita, 2010 are treated as new junior synonyms. All the five valid species in this paper are redescribed, with illustrations of adult （including type） habitus, male and female genitalia if they are available. A key to large males is provided for identifying them briefly.
