The incompressibility K of symmetric nuclear matter(SNM)is determined through a Bayesian analysis of collective flow data from Au+Au collisions at beam energies E=400-1500 MeV/nucleon.This analysis utilizes a Gaussian...The incompressibility K of symmetric nuclear matter(SNM)is determined through a Bayesian analysis of collective flow data from Au+Au collisions at beam energies E=400-1500 MeV/nucleon.This analysis utilizes a Gaussian process(GP)emulator applied to the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model for heavy-ion collisions,both with and without incorporating the momentum dependence of the single-nucleon potentials.Specifically,at the 68%confidence level,using rapidity and transverse velocity dependence of proton elliptic flow data with and without consideration of the momentum dependence,the inferred incompressibility values are K=188.9_(-4.5)^(+2.9)MeV and 256.1_(-8.7)^(+8.2)MeV at E=400 MeV/nucleon,respectively.When the transverse momentum dependence of proton-like directed flow data is included,the inferred incompressibility values become K=222.3_(-9.9)^(+9.0)MeV and K=285.5_(-7.3)^(+6.7)MeV,respectively.Furthermore,we found that the value of K derived from observables of proton elliptic flow increases with beam energy.This indicates that the equation of state(EoS)of nuclear matter hardens at higher densities and temperatures in reactions with higher beam energies.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12147101,12347149,11890714,11925502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDB34000000)+3 种基金Shanxi Provincial Foundation for Returned Overseas Scholars(20220037)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(20210302123085)discipline construction project of Yuncheng university.B.A.Li acknowledges support by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science(DE-SC0013702)CUSTIPEN(China-U.S.Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei)under U.S.Department of Energy(DE-SC0009971)。
文摘The incompressibility K of symmetric nuclear matter(SNM)is determined through a Bayesian analysis of collective flow data from Au+Au collisions at beam energies E=400-1500 MeV/nucleon.This analysis utilizes a Gaussian process(GP)emulator applied to the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model for heavy-ion collisions,both with and without incorporating the momentum dependence of the single-nucleon potentials.Specifically,at the 68%confidence level,using rapidity and transverse velocity dependence of proton elliptic flow data with and without consideration of the momentum dependence,the inferred incompressibility values are K=188.9_(-4.5)^(+2.9)MeV and 256.1_(-8.7)^(+8.2)MeV at E=400 MeV/nucleon,respectively.When the transverse momentum dependence of proton-like directed flow data is included,the inferred incompressibility values become K=222.3_(-9.9)^(+9.0)MeV and K=285.5_(-7.3)^(+6.7)MeV,respectively.Furthermore,we found that the value of K derived from observables of proton elliptic flow increases with beam energy.This indicates that the equation of state(EoS)of nuclear matter hardens at higher densities and temperatures in reactions with higher beam energies.
