为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减...为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减少50%)、P75(60 kg hm^(-2),减少75%)、CK(0 kg hm^(-2),不施磷肥作为绝对对照),通过分析淀粉积累、相关酶活性及产量的关系,为该区域马铃薯可持续生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,适当降低施磷量可以显著提高马铃薯淀粉含量,加快积累速度,从而提高总产量。其中P50较RP支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别增加7.64%和7.76%,淀粉积累速率最大时的积累量(W_(max))、淀粉最大积累速率(G_(max))和淀粉平均积累速率(G_(mean))分别增加8.92%、29.90%和26.23%,马铃薯淀粉产量、总干物质质量及总产量分别增加53.39%、50.92%和25.62%;腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性则分别提高29.74%、26.88%、31.42%、33.56%和18.72%。主成分分析表明,2年各处理综合得分均表现为P50>P25>RP>P75>CK。马铃薯减磷50%(施磷量为120 kg hm^(-2))对其块茎淀粉合成关键酶活性、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量均有显著提升作用,对各阶段各淀粉组成的积累速率有显著改善效果并能持续优化总淀粉的积累特性,进而提高淀粉产量、总干物质积累量及总产量,综合分析得出,在宁夏半干旱区推荐马铃薯最佳经济施磷范围为120~137 kg hm^(-2),从而达到绿色高产栽培的目的。展开更多
Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player＇s nei...Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player＇s neighbours, with the standard Fermi updating rule by introducing a tunable parameter, w. It is found that the level of cooperation increases remarkably, and that the cooperators can better resist the invasion of defection with an increase in w. This interesting phenomenon is then explained from a microscopic view. In addition, the universality of this mechanism is also proved with the help of the small-world network and the random regular graph. This work may be helpful in understanding cooperation behaviour in species from unicellular organisms up to human beings.展开更多
To systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Danshen Injection ( DS) as one adjuvant treatment for conventional therapy with Western medicine (WM) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Using liter...To systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Danshen Injection ( DS) as one adjuvant treatment for conventional therapy with Western medicine (WM) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Using literature databases, a thorough and systematic retrieval of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DS plus WM with WM was conducted from inception to April 2015. The extracted data from included studies was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of included studies, and Begg's and Egger's tests conducted by Stata 12.0 were used to evaluate the potential presence of publication bias. A total of 17 RCTs, which involving 1,433 participants, were identified and reviewed. The meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of DS and WM was significantly superior to WM alone for UAP in terms of the total effectiveness rate of angina pectoris [risk ratio (RR) =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.29, P < 0.01] and the total effectiveness rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) [RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.30, P=0.001]. Additionally, DS could also further reduce the content of fibrinogen, adjust blood lipid level, correct T wave inversion, and so on. Fifteen adverse drug reactions were reported in two studies, Four of which appeared in the experimental group. Based on the systematic review, the combined use of DS and WM was more effective than WM alone, it can be further widely used in clinic, however, there was no exact conclusion for its safety.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Xingnaojing Injection(XNJ,醒脑静注射液)compared with naloxone for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication(AAI),and provide the latest evidence through evid...Objectives:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Xingnaojing Injection(XNJ,醒脑静注射液)compared with naloxone for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication(AAI),and provide the latest evidence through evidence-based approach.Methods:Seven electro-databases including Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)and Wanfang Database were searched from the inception to January 2018.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing XNJ with naloxone for patients with AAI and reporting at least one of the below outcomes were included:patients’conscious recovery time,stay length in emergency department,disappearance time of the ataxia symptom,the severity of the symptoms,the blood alcohol content as wel as the adverse events.Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the risk of bias tool which recommended by the Cochrane Col aboration.Meta-analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Total y 141 trials with 13,901 patients were included in this review,al of them were assessed as unclear or high risk of bias.Results showed that on the basis of routine therapy,standard dose XNJ(10–20 m L)may have similar results with naloxone on the recovery time of consciousness(MD 12 min,95%CI 7.2–17.4 min)and disappearance time of symptoms(MD 6 min,95%CI–13.8–25.8 min)for patients with AAI.Larger dose of XNJ Injection(21–40 m L)may speed up the time(almost 1 h earlier).Combination of XNJ and naloxone seemed superior to the naloxone alone for al the relevant outcomes.The average difference of time in consciousness recovery was 2 h and the number of AAI patients whose consciousness recovery within 1 h was above 50%the combination group than in the control group(RR 1.42,95%CI 1.29 to 1.56).No severe adverse events or adverse reactions of XNJ were reported in the included trials.Conclusions:Low quality of evidence showed XNJ may have equal effect as naloxone and may achieve better effect as add-on intervention with naloxone for patients with AAI.We failed to evaluate the safety of XNJ Injection due to the insufficient evidence in this review.展开更多
文摘为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减少50%)、P75(60 kg hm^(-2),减少75%)、CK(0 kg hm^(-2),不施磷肥作为绝对对照),通过分析淀粉积累、相关酶活性及产量的关系,为该区域马铃薯可持续生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,适当降低施磷量可以显著提高马铃薯淀粉含量,加快积累速度,从而提高总产量。其中P50较RP支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别增加7.64%和7.76%,淀粉积累速率最大时的积累量(W_(max))、淀粉最大积累速率(G_(max))和淀粉平均积累速率(G_(mean))分别增加8.92%、29.90%和26.23%,马铃薯淀粉产量、总干物质质量及总产量分别增加53.39%、50.92%和25.62%;腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性则分别提高29.74%、26.88%、31.42%、33.56%和18.72%。主成分分析表明,2年各处理综合得分均表现为P50>P25>RP>P75>CK。马铃薯减磷50%(施磷量为120 kg hm^(-2))对其块茎淀粉合成关键酶活性、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量均有显著提升作用,对各阶段各淀粉组成的积累速率有显著改善效果并能持续优化总淀粉的积累特性,进而提高淀粉产量、总干物质积累量及总产量,综合分析得出,在宁夏半干旱区推荐马铃薯最佳经济施磷范围为120~137 kg hm^(-2),从而达到绿色高产栽培的目的。
基金Project supported by the CAS/USTC Special Grant for Postgraduate Research,Innovation,and Practice
文摘Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player＇s neighbours, with the standard Fermi updating rule by introducing a tunable parameter, w. It is found that the level of cooperation increases remarkably, and that the cooperators can better resist the invasion of defection with an increase in w. This interesting phenomenon is then explained from a microscopic view. In addition, the universality of this mechanism is also proved with the help of the small-world network and the random regular graph. This work may be helpful in understanding cooperation behaviour in species from unicellular organisms up to human beings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473547)Scientific Research Innovation Team Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,China(No.2011-CXTD-14)
文摘To systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Danshen Injection ( DS) as one adjuvant treatment for conventional therapy with Western medicine (WM) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Using literature databases, a thorough and systematic retrieval of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DS plus WM with WM was conducted from inception to April 2015. The extracted data from included studies was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of included studies, and Begg's and Egger's tests conducted by Stata 12.0 were used to evaluate the potential presence of publication bias. A total of 17 RCTs, which involving 1,433 participants, were identified and reviewed. The meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of DS and WM was significantly superior to WM alone for UAP in terms of the total effectiveness rate of angina pectoris [risk ratio (RR) =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.29, P < 0.01] and the total effectiveness rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) [RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.30, P=0.001]. Additionally, DS could also further reduce the content of fibrinogen, adjust blood lipid level, correct T wave inversion, and so on. Fifteen adverse drug reactions were reported in two studies, Four of which appeared in the experimental group. Based on the systematic review, the combined use of DS and WM was more effective than WM alone, it can be further widely used in clinic, however, there was no exact conclusion for its safety.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473547,81673829)the Beijing Municipal Organization Department Talents Project(No.2017000020124G292)
文摘Objectives:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Xingnaojing Injection(XNJ,醒脑静注射液)compared with naloxone for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication(AAI),and provide the latest evidence through evidence-based approach.Methods:Seven electro-databases including Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP)and Wanfang Database were searched from the inception to January 2018.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing XNJ with naloxone for patients with AAI and reporting at least one of the below outcomes were included:patients’conscious recovery time,stay length in emergency department,disappearance time of the ataxia symptom,the severity of the symptoms,the blood alcohol content as wel as the adverse events.Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the risk of bias tool which recommended by the Cochrane Col aboration.Meta-analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Total y 141 trials with 13,901 patients were included in this review,al of them were assessed as unclear or high risk of bias.Results showed that on the basis of routine therapy,standard dose XNJ(10–20 m L)may have similar results with naloxone on the recovery time of consciousness(MD 12 min,95%CI 7.2–17.4 min)and disappearance time of symptoms(MD 6 min,95%CI–13.8–25.8 min)for patients with AAI.Larger dose of XNJ Injection(21–40 m L)may speed up the time(almost 1 h earlier).Combination of XNJ and naloxone seemed superior to the naloxone alone for al the relevant outcomes.The average difference of time in consciousness recovery was 2 h and the number of AAI patients whose consciousness recovery within 1 h was above 50%the combination group than in the control group(RR 1.42,95%CI 1.29 to 1.56).No severe adverse events or adverse reactions of XNJ were reported in the included trials.Conclusions:Low quality of evidence showed XNJ may have equal effect as naloxone and may achieve better effect as add-on intervention with naloxone for patients with AAI.We failed to evaluate the safety of XNJ Injection due to the insufficient evidence in this review.
