The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differ...The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differences between SHS and cobalt-60 isotope(^(60)Co)radiation treatment.The number of total plate count(TPC)and mold colonies(MC)remained within the limits of the standards after SHS treatment at 140℃for 2 min.Neither TPC nor MC were detected after^(60)Co irradiation.Peroxidase(POD)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities significantly decreased with increasing temperature and duration of SHS,while^(60)Co radiation completely inactivated PPO.Compared to^(60)Co radiation,SHS treatment inhibited the deterioration of rape bee pollen by avoiding hydroperoxide production and lipid oxidation due to lack of oxygen.These results suggested SHS under 140℃for 2 min was the most suitable to inactivate the microorganisms and enzymes in rape bee pollen with minimal lipid oxidation.展开更多
Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities an...Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities and is considered a functional source for promoting human health.However,propolis and its bioactive compounds have poor water solubility,rapid and intense metabolism,and low oral bioavailability,which limits their wide application.In this paper,the main bioactive substances in propolis were summarized,and the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of propolis and its bioactive substances were discussed.In addition,this paper discussed the factors affecting the bioavailability of propolis and its functional ingredients,focusing on the research progress in improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of propolis and its functional ingredients using nanoencapsulation technology.Finally,the current situation of the global propolis market and the applications of propolis products in the pharmaceutical,food,cosmetic and other industrial fields were discussed,providing useful references for promoting the development of the propolis industry.展开更多
The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed ...The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.展开更多
Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate...Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.展开更多
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2(PC)and tannin acid(TA)on the activities of cholesterol esterase(CEase)and the inhibitory mechanisms of enzymatic activity.The interaction mechanisms were in...This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2(PC)and tannin acid(TA)on the activities of cholesterol esterase(CEase)and the inhibitory mechanisms of enzymatic activity.The interaction mechanisms were investigated by enzymatic kinetics,multi-spectroscopy methods,thermodynamics analysis,molecular docking,and dynamic simulations.PC and TA could bind with CEase and inhibit the activity of enzyme in a mixed-competitive manner and non-competitive manner,which was verified by molecular docking simulations and dynamics simulations.Also,PC and TA showed the synergistic inhibition with orlistat.Fluorescence,UVvis and the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the complexes were formed from CEase and inhibitors by noncovalent interaction.As revealed by the circular dichroism results,both PC and TA decreased enzymatic activities by altering the conformations of CEase.The inhibition of PC and TA on CEase might be one mechanism for its cholesterol-lowering effect.展开更多
In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this e...In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this experiment.The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the active heat storage and release system at the heat collection stage was calculated by measuring the indoor solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature and measured water tank temperature.The prediction model of water temperature in the heat collection stage was established,and the initial value of water temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient were input through MATLAB software.The simulated value of water temperature was compared with the measured value and the results showed that the best heat transfer effect could be achieved when the water flow speed was 1.0 m3h-1.The average relative error between the simulated water tank temperature and the measured value is 2.70-6.91%.The results indicate that the model is established correctly,and the variation trend of water temperature can be predicted according to the model in the heat collection stage.展开更多
Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)impact asthma outcomes,highlighting the importance of understanding the disease mechanisms through the gut-lung axis.In this study,we identified that among SCFAs,bu...Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)impact asthma outcomes,highlighting the importance of understanding the disease mechanisms through the gut-lung axis.In this study,we identified that among SCFAs,butyrate uniquely alleviates asthma through specifically inhibiting a newly identified pathogenic T follicular helper(Tfh)cell subset,Tfh13 cells.Tfh13 cell depletion(Il13^(Cre)/+Bcl6^(fl/fl))or adoptive transfer of Tfh13 cells in an OVA-induced asthma model conclusively demonstrated their indispensable role in driving anaphylactic IgE production and asthma pathogenesis.Mechanistically,the inhibitory function of butyrate on Tfh13 cells is mediated by the interaction between butyrate and G-protein coupled receptor 43(GPR43),leading to the suppression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling in Tfh13 cells.To address the clinically observed deficiency of butyrate in patients with asthma and recapitulated in murine models,we developed a novel therapeutic strategy using a butyrate-yielding diet enriched with butylated high amylose maize starch(HAMSB).Remarkably,supplementation with HAMSB diet in murine and humanized asthma models significantly reduced Tfh13 cell frequencies and anaphylactic IgE levels,leading to significantly improved disease outcomes.Our findings not only unveil a novel mechanism underlying butyrate-mediated asthma alleviation,termed the butyrate-Tfh13-IgE axis,but also propose a clinically translatable dietary intervention strategy targeting microbial metabolites for stopping asthma.展开更多
The end-of-life treatment of thermoset polyurethane foams(PUF)has been a persistent challenge for decades.Existing recycling approaches are costprohibitive to implement due to the use of catalyst/solvent,low recycling...The end-of-life treatment of thermoset polyurethane foams(PUF)has been a persistent challenge for decades.Existing recycling approaches are costprohibitive to implement due to the use of catalyst/solvent,low recycling efficiency,and low economic gain.Here,we report an efficient chemical upcycling strategy that turns thermoset PUF into closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber composites.The key to our approach lies in a tri-functional liquid reagent(Nmethyldiethanolamine)that serves as a degradation reagent,internal catalyst,and latent reactant,which turns PUF into a recyclable and reactive form.This allows the chemical recycling to proceed in the absence of any external catalyst.The recycled mixture is further converted into a dynamic polymer network as the matrix for designing closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber compositeswith tensile strength as high as 757.3 MPa.Our strategy points to a promising route toward low-cost upcycling of commodity thermosets into sustainable and high-value end products.展开更多
Information Extraction(IE)aims to extract structural knowledge from plain natural language texts.Recently,generative Large Language Models(LLMs)have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text understanding and gener...Information Extraction(IE)aims to extract structural knowledge from plain natural language texts.Recently,generative Large Language Models(LLMs)have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation.As a result,numerous works have been proposed to integrate LLMs for IE tasks based on a generative paradigm.To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and exploration of LLM efforts for IE tasks,in this study,we survey the most recent advancements in this field.We first present an extensive overview by categorizing these works in terms of various IE subtasks and techniques,and then we empirically analyze the most advanced methods and discover the emerging trend of IE tasks with LLMs.Based on a thorough review conducted,we identify several insights in technique and promising research directions that deserve further exploration in future studies.We maintain a public repository and consistently update related works and resources on GitHub(LLM4IE repository).展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(32472396,31871861 and 31501548)The Apicultural Industry Technology System(NCYTI-43-KXJ17)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)。
文摘The effect of superheated steam(SHS)treatment on the quality characteristics of rape bee pollen were studied,and the efficiency of inactivation and inhibition of lipid oxidation were analyzed to investigate the differences between SHS and cobalt-60 isotope(^(60)Co)radiation treatment.The number of total plate count(TPC)and mold colonies(MC)remained within the limits of the standards after SHS treatment at 140℃for 2 min.Neither TPC nor MC were detected after^(60)Co irradiation.Peroxidase(POD)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities significantly decreased with increasing temperature and duration of SHS,while^(60)Co radiation completely inactivated PPO.Compared to^(60)Co radiation,SHS treatment inhibited the deterioration of rape bee pollen by avoiding hydroperoxide production and lipid oxidation due to lack of oxygen.These results suggested SHS under 140℃for 2 min was the most suitable to inactivate the microorganisms and enzymes in rape bee pollen with minimal lipid oxidation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972087)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System-Bee(CARS-44-KXJ17)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IAR)。
文摘Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities and is considered a functional source for promoting human health.However,propolis and its bioactive compounds have poor water solubility,rapid and intense metabolism,and low oral bioavailability,which limits their wide application.In this paper,the main bioactive substances in propolis were summarized,and the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of propolis and its bioactive substances were discussed.In addition,this paper discussed the factors affecting the bioavailability of propolis and its functional ingredients,focusing on the research progress in improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of propolis and its functional ingredients using nanoencapsulation technology.Finally,the current situation of the global propolis market and the applications of propolis products in the pharmaceutical,food,cosmetic and other industrial fields were discussed,providing useful references for promoting the development of the propolis industry.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31871861 and 31501548)The Apicultural Industry Technology System(NCYTI-43-KXJ17)The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR)。
文摘The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127106)。
文摘Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(‘973’program,2013CB127106)。
文摘This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2(PC)and tannin acid(TA)on the activities of cholesterol esterase(CEase)and the inhibitory mechanisms of enzymatic activity.The interaction mechanisms were investigated by enzymatic kinetics,multi-spectroscopy methods,thermodynamics analysis,molecular docking,and dynamic simulations.PC and TA could bind with CEase and inhibit the activity of enzyme in a mixed-competitive manner and non-competitive manner,which was verified by molecular docking simulations and dynamics simulations.Also,PC and TA showed the synergistic inhibition with orlistat.Fluorescence,UVvis and the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the complexes were formed from CEase and inhibitors by noncovalent interaction.As revealed by the circular dichroism results,both PC and TA decreased enzymatic activities by altering the conformations of CEase.The inhibition of PC and TA on CEase might be one mechanism for its cholesterol-lowering effect.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Project No.:2022NSFSC1645)Key R&D Program Project of Xinjiang Province(Project No.:2023B02020)National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation System Sichuan Characteristic Vegetable Innovation Team Project,Sichuan Innovation Team Program of CARS(Project No.:SCCXTD-2024-22)。
文摘In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this experiment.The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the active heat storage and release system at the heat collection stage was calculated by measuring the indoor solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature and measured water tank temperature.The prediction model of water temperature in the heat collection stage was established,and the initial value of water temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient were input through MATLAB software.The simulated value of water temperature was compared with the measured value and the results showed that the best heat transfer effect could be achieved when the water flow speed was 1.0 m3h-1.The average relative error between the simulated water tank temperature and the measured value is 2.70-6.91%.The results indicate that the model is established correctly,and the variation trend of water temperature can be predicted according to the model in the heat collection stage.
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971493)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82121002)+1 种基金the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130050,82330053)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai。
文摘Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)impact asthma outcomes,highlighting the importance of understanding the disease mechanisms through the gut-lung axis.In this study,we identified that among SCFAs,butyrate uniquely alleviates asthma through specifically inhibiting a newly identified pathogenic T follicular helper(Tfh)cell subset,Tfh13 cells.Tfh13 cell depletion(Il13^(Cre)/+Bcl6^(fl/fl))or adoptive transfer of Tfh13 cells in an OVA-induced asthma model conclusively demonstrated their indispensable role in driving anaphylactic IgE production and asthma pathogenesis.Mechanistically,the inhibitory function of butyrate on Tfh13 cells is mediated by the interaction between butyrate and G-protein coupled receptor 43(GPR43),leading to the suppression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling in Tfh13 cells.To address the clinically observed deficiency of butyrate in patients with asthma and recapitulated in murine models,we developed a novel therapeutic strategy using a butyrate-yielding diet enriched with butylated high amylose maize starch(HAMSB).Remarkably,supplementation with HAMSB diet in murine and humanized asthma models significantly reduced Tfh13 cell frequencies and anaphylactic IgE levels,leading to significantly improved disease outcomes.Our findings not only unveil a novel mechanism underlying butyrate-mediated asthma alleviation,termed the butyrate-Tfh13-IgE axis,but also propose a clinically translatable dietary intervention strategy targeting microbial metabolites for stopping asthma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.U23A2098)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(grant no.sklssm202526).
文摘The end-of-life treatment of thermoset polyurethane foams(PUF)has been a persistent challenge for decades.Existing recycling approaches are costprohibitive to implement due to the use of catalyst/solvent,low recycling efficiency,and low economic gain.Here,we report an efficient chemical upcycling strategy that turns thermoset PUF into closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber composites.The key to our approach lies in a tri-functional liquid reagent(Nmethyldiethanolamine)that serves as a degradation reagent,internal catalyst,and latent reactant,which turns PUF into a recyclable and reactive form.This allows the chemical recycling to proceed in the absence of any external catalyst.The recycled mixture is further converted into a dynamic polymer network as the matrix for designing closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber compositeswith tensile strength as high as 757.3 MPa.Our strategy points to a promising route toward low-cost upcycling of commodity thermosets into sustainable and high-value end products.
基金supported in part by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62222213,62072423)partially supported by Research Impact Fund(No.R1015-23),APRC-CityU New Research Initiatives(No.9610565,Start-up Grant for New Faculty of CityU)+7 种基金CityU-HKIDS Early Career Research Grant(No.9360163)Hong Kong ITC Innovation and Technology Fund Midstream Research Programme for Universities Project(No.ITS/034/22MS)Hong Kong Environmental and Conservation Fund(No.88/2022)SIRG-CityU Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Grant(No.7020046)Huawei(Huawei Innovation Research Program),Tencent(CCFTencent Open Fund,Tencent Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program),Ant Group(CCF-Ant Research Fund,Ant Group Research Fund)Alibaba(CCFAlimama Tech Kangaroo Fund(No.2024002))CCF-BaiChuan-Ebtech Foundation Model FundKuaishou.
文摘Information Extraction(IE)aims to extract structural knowledge from plain natural language texts.Recently,generative Large Language Models(LLMs)have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation.As a result,numerous works have been proposed to integrate LLMs for IE tasks based on a generative paradigm.To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and exploration of LLM efforts for IE tasks,in this study,we survey the most recent advancements in this field.We first present an extensive overview by categorizing these works in terms of various IE subtasks and techniques,and then we empirically analyze the most advanced methods and discover the emerging trend of IE tasks with LLMs.Based on a thorough review conducted,we identify several insights in technique and promising research directions that deserve further exploration in future studies.We maintain a public repository and consistently update related works and resources on GitHub(LLM4IE repository).
