In existing linguistic decision-making(LDM)methods,individual decision maker generally evaluates alternatives through a single-round evaluation process,in which only preliminary cognition of individual decision maker ...In existing linguistic decision-making(LDM)methods,individual decision maker generally evaluates alternatives through a single-round evaluation process,in which only preliminary cognition of individual decision maker can be excavated.This results in the evaluation provided by individual decision maker may not well reflect their integrated preference through the single-round evaluation process.To address this issue,a multi-round evaluation process should be designed,in which the decision maker can constantly renew his or her acquired cognition through previous rounds of evaluation and further updates his or her evaluation.In this paper,a cognitive-driven LDM method based on the multi-round evaluation process is proposed to overcome the insufficiency of existing methods in adequately exploring the decision maker comprehensive cognition.First,the transition process of linguistic term(LT)of the alternative induced by decision maker’s cognition renewal is modeled as a Markov chain.The transition probability from one state to another within the state space is then created to obtain the incomplete transition matrix,whose entropy rate is maximized to derive the complete transition matrix via the constructed convex optimization problem.The stable distributions of alternatives can be generated based on their complete transition matrices.The aggregated stable distributions of alternatives are obtained by minimizing the dissimilarity between them and the individual stable distributions of alternatives on the criteria.On this basis,the ranking order of alternatives can be generated.The proposed method is further applied to a diagnostic ultrasound system selection problem for demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness.The comparative experiment reveals the significance of considering decision maker’s renewal cognition in the multi-round decision-making process.This paper provides insights on improving decision-making quality through the modeling of decision maker’s acquired cognition in the multi-round decision-making processes.展开更多
Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have achieved great success in identifying genetic variants related to complex human diseases such as cancer and have provided valuable insights into their genetic architecture.Rec...Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have achieved great success in identifying genetic variants related to complex human diseases such as cancer and have provided valuable insights into their genetic architecture.Recently,GWAS is quite the fashion in China.However,there are issues related to its nature.Enormous work needs to be done in the post-GWAS era.Deep sequencing followed by functional studies will be needed to elucidate the underpinning biological mechanisms and further translate GWAS findings into medical practice.Along with pharmacogenomics,the success of GWAS in identifying genetic risk factors and genetic differences in drug response has been gradually enabling personalized medicine.In this article,we used hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as an example to demonstrate some of the inherent limitations and summarized future challenges of GWAS.展开更多
Background and Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has been found to increase hepatocellular sensitivity to carcinogenic xenobiotics,by unknown mechanisms,in the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma.The pregnane X ...Background and Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has been found to increase hepatocellular sensitivity to carcinogenic xenobiotics,by unknown mechanisms,in the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma.The pregnane X receptor(PXR)is a key regulator of the body’s defense against xenobiotics,including xenobiotic carcinogens and clinical drugs.In this study,we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HBV X protein(HBx)-PXR signaling in the synergistic effects of chemical carcinogens in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods:The expression profile of PXR-cytochrome p4503A4(CYP3A4)signaling was determined by PCR,western blotting,and tissue microarray.Cell viability and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)cytotoxicity were measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay.Target gene expression was evaluated using transient transfection and real time-PCR.The genotoxicity of AFB1 was assessed in newborn mice with a single dose of AFB1.Results:HBx enhanced the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 by activating CYP3A4 and reducing glutathione Stransferase Mu 1(GSTM1)in cell lines.Activation of PXR by pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile increased AFB1-induced liver tumor incidence by up-regulating oncogenic KRAS to enhance interleukin(IL)-11:IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1(IL11RA-1)-mediated inflammation in an HBx transgenic model.Conclusions:Our finding regarding AFB1 toxicity enhancement by an HBx-PXR-CYP3A4/GSTM1-KRASIL11:IL11RA signaling axis provides a rational explanation for the synergistic effects of chemical carcinogens in HBV infection-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.展开更多
In this paper,a regression model is developed to estimate attribute reliability in the evidential reasoning(ER)context.By analysing the difference between attribute weight and attribute reliability,a general qualitati...In this paper,a regression model is developed to estimate attribute reliability in the evidential reasoning(ER)context.By analysing the difference between attribute weight and attribute reliability,a general qualitative definition of attribute reliability is provided.The reliability of an attribute is quantitatively measured in consistence with the qualitative definition in the context of the ER approach.A regression model is then constructed to generate attribute reliabilities by minimising the maximum differences between the real value of attribute reliability and its estimation.Within the post-optimal solution space of attribute reliabilities,an optimisation model is constructed to determine the expected utilities of each alternative in order to generate solutions to multiple attribute decision analysis problems.Asale place selection problem in Qingyang County of Chizhou in Anhui province of China is analysed using the proposed regression model to demonstrate its detailed implementation process,validity and applicability.展开更多
Of all liver cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is reported as the most common globally,with the highest incidence in East Asia.1 Because of the late diagnosis of disease,HCC is one of the top causes of cancer-relat...Of all liver cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is reported as the most common globally,with the highest incidence in East Asia.1 Because of the late diagnosis of disease,HCC is one of the top causes of cancer-related mortality,with the poor overall prognosis,the survival rate largely depends on the stage of diagnosis,the extent of cirrhosis,other associated risk factors and the medical treatment.1,2 Therefore,there is urgent need for reliable HCC treatments,which re-quires further investigation and research.In addition to traditional cancer therapy,such as surgery and chemotherapy,immunotherapy has recently undergone rapid development and now includes checkpoint inhibitors,inhibiting cytokine blockade,adoptive cellular therapies and vaccines,which are under investigation in preclinical and/or in clinical trials.However,the currently available immunotherapy regimens for HCC under investigation have shown limited effectiveness in a relatively small number of patients.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72101074 and 72201089)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JZ2023HGTB0275).
文摘In existing linguistic decision-making(LDM)methods,individual decision maker generally evaluates alternatives through a single-round evaluation process,in which only preliminary cognition of individual decision maker can be excavated.This results in the evaluation provided by individual decision maker may not well reflect their integrated preference through the single-round evaluation process.To address this issue,a multi-round evaluation process should be designed,in which the decision maker can constantly renew his or her acquired cognition through previous rounds of evaluation and further updates his or her evaluation.In this paper,a cognitive-driven LDM method based on the multi-round evaluation process is proposed to overcome the insufficiency of existing methods in adequately exploring the decision maker comprehensive cognition.First,the transition process of linguistic term(LT)of the alternative induced by decision maker’s cognition renewal is modeled as a Markov chain.The transition probability from one state to another within the state space is then created to obtain the incomplete transition matrix,whose entropy rate is maximized to derive the complete transition matrix via the constructed convex optimization problem.The stable distributions of alternatives can be generated based on their complete transition matrices.The aggregated stable distributions of alternatives are obtained by minimizing the dissimilarity between them and the individual stable distributions of alternatives on the criteria.On this basis,the ranking order of alternatives can be generated.The proposed method is further applied to a diagnostic ultrasound system selection problem for demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness.The comparative experiment reveals the significance of considering decision maker’s renewal cognition in the multi-round decision-making process.This paper provides insights on improving decision-making quality through the modeling of decision maker’s acquired cognition in the multi-round decision-making processes.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(81025015 to Guangwen Cao).
文摘Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have achieved great success in identifying genetic variants related to complex human diseases such as cancer and have provided valuable insights into their genetic architecture.Recently,GWAS is quite the fashion in China.However,there are issues related to its nature.Enormous work needs to be done in the post-GWAS era.Deep sequencing followed by functional studies will be needed to elucidate the underpinning biological mechanisms and further translate GWAS findings into medical practice.Along with pharmacogenomics,the success of GWAS in identifying genetic risk factors and genetic differences in drug response has been gradually enabling personalized medicine.In this article,we used hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as an example to demonstrate some of the inherent limitations and summarized future challenges of GWAS.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.81772972,81672731,81572703,81572451)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Prov-ince(Grant Nos.2021A1515010776,2015A030313449)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province“Public Research and Capacity Building”Special Project Fund(Grant No.2014A020212285)Department of Education,Guangdong Government under the Toptier University Development Scheme for Research and Control of Infectious Diseases(Grant Nos.2016026,2015060,2015089).
文摘Background and Aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection has been found to increase hepatocellular sensitivity to carcinogenic xenobiotics,by unknown mechanisms,in the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma.The pregnane X receptor(PXR)is a key regulator of the body’s defense against xenobiotics,including xenobiotic carcinogens and clinical drugs.In this study,we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HBV X protein(HBx)-PXR signaling in the synergistic effects of chemical carcinogens in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods:The expression profile of PXR-cytochrome p4503A4(CYP3A4)signaling was determined by PCR,western blotting,and tissue microarray.Cell viability and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)cytotoxicity were measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay.Target gene expression was evaluated using transient transfection and real time-PCR.The genotoxicity of AFB1 was assessed in newborn mice with a single dose of AFB1.Results:HBx enhanced the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 by activating CYP3A4 and reducing glutathione Stransferase Mu 1(GSTM1)in cell lines.Activation of PXR by pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile increased AFB1-induced liver tumor incidence by up-regulating oncogenic KRAS to enhance interleukin(IL)-11:IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1(IL11RA-1)-mediated inflammation in an HBx transgenic model.Conclusions:Our finding regarding AFB1 toxicity enhancement by an HBx-PXR-CYP3A4/GSTM1-KRASIL11:IL11RA signaling axis provides a rational explanation for the synergistic effects of chemical carcinogens in HBV infection-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71571060 and 71622003).
文摘In this paper,a regression model is developed to estimate attribute reliability in the evidential reasoning(ER)context.By analysing the difference between attribute weight and attribute reliability,a general qualitative definition of attribute reliability is provided.The reliability of an attribute is quantitatively measured in consistence with the qualitative definition in the context of the ER approach.A regression model is then constructed to generate attribute reliabilities by minimising the maximum differences between the real value of attribute reliability and its estimation.Within the post-optimal solution space of attribute reliabilities,an optimisation model is constructed to determine the expected utilities of each alternative in order to generate solutions to multiple attribute decision analysis problems.Asale place selection problem in Qingyang County of Chizhou in Anhui province of China is analysed using the proposed regression model to demonstrate its detailed implementation process,validity and applicability.
基金supported by the National Nature and Science Found of China(81972302 to Wenjun Chang).
文摘Of all liver cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is reported as the most common globally,with the highest incidence in East Asia.1 Because of the late diagnosis of disease,HCC is one of the top causes of cancer-related mortality,with the poor overall prognosis,the survival rate largely depends on the stage of diagnosis,the extent of cirrhosis,other associated risk factors and the medical treatment.1,2 Therefore,there is urgent need for reliable HCC treatments,which re-quires further investigation and research.In addition to traditional cancer therapy,such as surgery and chemotherapy,immunotherapy has recently undergone rapid development and now includes checkpoint inhibitors,inhibiting cytokine blockade,adoptive cellular therapies and vaccines,which are under investigation in preclinical and/or in clinical trials.However,the currently available immunotherapy regimens for HCC under investigation have shown limited effectiveness in a relatively small number of patients.
