Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of c...Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of concern is the lack of reliable tumor markers to predict treatment efficacy and guide tailored care.Due to its dynamic,effective,and non-invasive benefits over tissue biopsy,the detection of minimal or molecular residual lesions(MRD)based on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is beneficial to the clinical development of drugs for patients with CRC after radical treatment,as well as for continuous monitoring of tumor recurrence and malignancy molecular gene evolution.The detection of ctDNA can currently be used to guide individual postoperative auxiliary treatment decisions(upgrade or downgrade treatment)in CRC,stratify the risk of clinical recurrence more precisely,and predict the risk of recurrence in advance of imaging examination,according to a large number of observational or prospective clinical studies.With increasing clarity comes the possibility of selecting a regimen of treatment based on postoperative ctDNA,which also improves the accuracy of clinical recurrence risk assessment for CRC.Therefore,it is anticipated that the identification of ctDNA would alter the current framework for dealing with CRC and lead to individualized,stratified precision therapy;however,additional confirmation will require subsequent high-quality,prospective,large-scale randomized controlled studies.This article will provide an overview of the definition and clinical significance of MRD,the primary indications and technological challenges for MRD detection,along with the advancement in clinical research about ctDNA detection following radical resection of the CRC.展开更多
Crystallinity and crystal structure greatly influence the photocatalytic behavior of photocatalysts.Pristine g-C3N4 produced by traditional thermal-induced polycondensation reaction bears low crystallinity and thus po...Crystallinity and crystal structure greatly influence the photocatalytic behavior of photocatalysts.Pristine g-C3N4 produced by traditional thermal-induced polycondensation reaction bears low crystallinity and thus poor photoactivity,which originates from the incomplete polymerization of the precursor containing amine groups,abundant hydrogen bonds,and unreacted amino,as well as cyanide functional groups in the skeleton.During photocatalytic process,these residual functional groups often work as electron trap sites,which may hinder the transfer of electrons on the plane,resulting in low photoactivity.Fortunately,crystalline carbon nitride(CCN)was reported as a promising photocatalyst because its increased crystallinity not only reduces the number of carriers recombination centers,but also increases charge conductivity and improves light utilization due to extendedπ-conjugated systems and delocalizedπ-electrons.As such,we summarize the recent studies on CCN-based photocatalysts for the photoactivity enhancement.Firstly,the unique structure and properties of CCN materials are presented.Next,the preparation methods and modification strategies are well outlined.We also sum up the applications of CCN-based materials in the environmental purification and energy fields.Finally,this review concerning CNN materials ends with prospects and challenges in the obtainment of high crystallinity by effective techniques,and the deep understanding of photocatalytic mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202211017)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(No.SZXK014).
文摘Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of concern is the lack of reliable tumor markers to predict treatment efficacy and guide tailored care.Due to its dynamic,effective,and non-invasive benefits over tissue biopsy,the detection of minimal or molecular residual lesions(MRD)based on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is beneficial to the clinical development of drugs for patients with CRC after radical treatment,as well as for continuous monitoring of tumor recurrence and malignancy molecular gene evolution.The detection of ctDNA can currently be used to guide individual postoperative auxiliary treatment decisions(upgrade or downgrade treatment)in CRC,stratify the risk of clinical recurrence more precisely,and predict the risk of recurrence in advance of imaging examination,according to a large number of observational or prospective clinical studies.With increasing clarity comes the possibility of selecting a regimen of treatment based on postoperative ctDNA,which also improves the accuracy of clinical recurrence risk assessment for CRC.Therefore,it is anticipated that the identification of ctDNA would alter the current framework for dealing with CRC and lead to individualized,stratified precision therapy;however,additional confirmation will require subsequent high-quality,prospective,large-scale randomized controlled studies.This article will provide an overview of the definition and clinical significance of MRD,the primary indications and technological challenges for MRD detection,along with the advancement in clinical research about ctDNA detection following radical resection of the CRC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370109,22022608,21876113,22176127,21261140333,and 92034301)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710830)+9 种基金Venture and Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(No.cx2022005)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0035)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0211004)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering(No.18DZ2254200)“111”Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base on Photochemical and Energy Materials(No.D18020)Shanghai Government(Nos.22010503400,18SG41,and YDZX20213100003002)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1430400)Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission Foundation(No.KJQN201800826)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China(No.KJZD-K202100801)Post-doctoral Program Funded by Chongqing,and Chongqing University Innovation Research Group project(No.CXQT21023).
文摘Crystallinity and crystal structure greatly influence the photocatalytic behavior of photocatalysts.Pristine g-C3N4 produced by traditional thermal-induced polycondensation reaction bears low crystallinity and thus poor photoactivity,which originates from the incomplete polymerization of the precursor containing amine groups,abundant hydrogen bonds,and unreacted amino,as well as cyanide functional groups in the skeleton.During photocatalytic process,these residual functional groups often work as electron trap sites,which may hinder the transfer of electrons on the plane,resulting in low photoactivity.Fortunately,crystalline carbon nitride(CCN)was reported as a promising photocatalyst because its increased crystallinity not only reduces the number of carriers recombination centers,but also increases charge conductivity and improves light utilization due to extendedπ-conjugated systems and delocalizedπ-electrons.As such,we summarize the recent studies on CCN-based photocatalysts for the photoactivity enhancement.Firstly,the unique structure and properties of CCN materials are presented.Next,the preparation methods and modification strategies are well outlined.We also sum up the applications of CCN-based materials in the environmental purification and energy fields.Finally,this review concerning CNN materials ends with prospects and challenges in the obtainment of high crystallinity by effective techniques,and the deep understanding of photocatalytic mechanism.
