In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and...In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and pollen.Previous studies in Primula and Fagopyrum that focused on HetSI systems have provided interesting insights;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown.In this study,we profiled the proteome of Plumbago auriculata stigmas before and after self-incompatible(SI)and self-compatible(SC)pollination.Comparative analyses were conducted by 4D-DIA(Four-dimensional data independent acquisition),a promising technology that increases the sensitivity and reduces the spectral complexity of proteomic analysis by adding a fourth dimension,ion mobility.The results revealed 33387 peptides and 5311 proteins in all samples.The pathways in which the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)identified in the P×P(Pin style self-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.PS(Pin style)and T×T(Thrum style self-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.TS(Thrum style)comparisons were significantly enriched were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pentose and glucuronate interconversions.In the P×T(Pin style cross-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.PS and T×P(Thrum style cross-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.TS comparison,the top three pathways were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,pentose and glucuronate interconversions,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the P×T vs.P×P comparison,and starch and sucrose metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were abundant in the T×T vs.T×P comparison.The enriched pathways between PS and TS were the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and pentose and glucuronate interconversion.Self-incompatibility protein S1(SI S1),Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4(MPK3/4),Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2/3(M2K2/3),Exocyst complex component EXO70A1(E70A1)and Thioredoxin H1/2(TRXH1/2)were found to be HetSI-related candidates,and O-fucosyltransferase 23(OFT23),3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6(KCS6),Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA(FERON),Fimbrin-5(FIMB5),Pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4(PLRX4),Transcription initiation factor IIB-2(TF2B2)and Pectinesterase 1(AL11A),etc.,were identified as other regulatory transducers.These findings combined with our morphological and reactive oxygen species(ROS)intensity analyses indicate that P.auriculata has typical dry-stigmas and that the HetSI mechanism might differ between the pin and thrum.SI S1 might be the key factor in HetSI,and ROS are overexpressed during SC pollination to rapidly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation of E70A1 to maintain stigma receptivity in plants with HetSI.展开更多
Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phe...Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. The chitosan nanoparticles of varying size, size distribution, zeta potential, crystallinity, shape and surface roughness were prepared by spray drying technique as a function of chitosan, surfactant and processing conditions. Lactose-polyethylene glycol 3000(PEG3000) microparticles were similarly prepared. The chitosan nanoparticles, physically blended with fine lactose-PEG3000 microparticles, exhibited a comparable inhalation performance with the commercial dry powder inhaler products(fine particle fraction between 20% and 30%). Cascade impactor analysis indicated that the aerosolization and inhalation performance of chitosan nanoparticles was promoted by their higher zeta potential and circularity, and larger size attributes of which led to reduced inter-nanoparticulate aggregation and favored nanoparticles interacting with lactose-PEG3000 micropaticles that aided their delivery into deep and peripheral lungs.展开更多
Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life st...Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life style might inhibit prostate cancer progression. Cancer chemoprevention has emerged as an important factor in controlling cancer development through natural or synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress is among the factors contributing to prostate cancer development. The transcription factor nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) controls detoxifying antioxidant enzymes expression by binding to the antioxidant response element(ARE) in the promoter of these genes to activate their expression. Many natural products can fight oxidative stress and protects cells from DNA damage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce disease incidence and invasive tumors. In this review, the roles of important fruit and vegetable phytochemicals in regulating prostate cancer progression and tumor growth are discussed.展开更多
The complexity of unknown scenarios and the dynamics involved in target entrapment make designing control strategies for swarm robots a formidable task,which in turn impacts their efficiency in complex and dynamic set...The complexity of unknown scenarios and the dynamics involved in target entrapment make designing control strategies for swarm robots a formidable task,which in turn impacts their efficiency in complex and dynamic settings.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an adaptive swarm robot entrapment control model grounded in the transformation of gene regulatory networks(AT-GRN).This innovative model enables swarm robots to dynamically adjust entrap-ment strategies by assessing current environmental conditions via real-time sensory data.Further-more,an improved motion control model for swarm robots is designed to dynamically shape the for-mation generated by the AT-GRN.Through two sets of rigorous experimental environments,the proposed model significantly enhances the trapping performance of swarm robots in complex envi-ronments,demonstrating remarkable adaptability and stability.展开更多
Design automation is a core technology in industrial design software and an important branch of knowledge-worker automation.For example,electronic design automation(EDA)has played an important role in both academia an...Design automation is a core technology in industrial design software and an important branch of knowledge-worker automation.For example,electronic design automation(EDA)has played an important role in both academia and industry.Design automation for intelligent robots refers to the construction of unified modular graph models for the morphologies(body),controllers(brain),and vision systems(eye)of intelligent robots under digital twin architectures,which effectively supports the automation of the morphology,controller,and vision system design processes of intelligent robots by taking advantage of the powerful capabilities of genetic programming,evolutionary computation,deep learning,reinforcement learning,and causal reasoning in model representation,optimization,perception,decision making,and reasoning.Compared with traditional design methods,MOdular DEsigN Automation(MODENA)methods can significantly improve the design efficiency and performance of robots,effectively avoiding the repetitive trial-and-error processes of traditional design methods,and promoting automatic discovery of innovative designs.Thus,it is of considerable research significance to study MODENA methods for intelligent robots.To this end,this paper provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of applying MODENA in intelligent robots,analyzes the current problems and challenges in thefield,and provides an outlook for future research.First,the design automation for the robot morphologies and controllers is reviewed,individually,with automated design of control strategies for swarm robots also discussed,which has emerged as a prominent research focus recently.Next,the integrated design automation of both the morphologies and controllers for robotic systems is presented.Then,the design automation of the vision systems of intelligent robots is summarized when vision systems have become one of the most important modules for intelligent robotic systems.Then,the future research trends of integrated“Body-Brain-Eye”design automation for intelligent robots are discussed.Finally,the common key technologies,research challenges and opportunities in MODENA for intelligent robots are summarized.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YJ0497).
文摘In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and pollen.Previous studies in Primula and Fagopyrum that focused on HetSI systems have provided interesting insights;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown.In this study,we profiled the proteome of Plumbago auriculata stigmas before and after self-incompatible(SI)and self-compatible(SC)pollination.Comparative analyses were conducted by 4D-DIA(Four-dimensional data independent acquisition),a promising technology that increases the sensitivity and reduces the spectral complexity of proteomic analysis by adding a fourth dimension,ion mobility.The results revealed 33387 peptides and 5311 proteins in all samples.The pathways in which the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)identified in the P×P(Pin style self-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.PS(Pin style)and T×T(Thrum style self-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.TS(Thrum style)comparisons were significantly enriched were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pentose and glucuronate interconversions.In the P×T(Pin style cross-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.PS and T×P(Thrum style cross-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.TS comparison,the top three pathways were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,pentose and glucuronate interconversions,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the P×T vs.P×P comparison,and starch and sucrose metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were abundant in the T×T vs.T×P comparison.The enriched pathways between PS and TS were the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and pentose and glucuronate interconversion.Self-incompatibility protein S1(SI S1),Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4(MPK3/4),Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2/3(M2K2/3),Exocyst complex component EXO70A1(E70A1)and Thioredoxin H1/2(TRXH1/2)were found to be HetSI-related candidates,and O-fucosyltransferase 23(OFT23),3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6(KCS6),Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA(FERON),Fimbrin-5(FIMB5),Pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4(PLRX4),Transcription initiation factor IIB-2(TF2B2)and Pectinesterase 1(AL11A),etc.,were identified as other regulatory transducers.These findings combined with our morphological and reactive oxygen species(ROS)intensity analyses indicate that P.auriculata has typical dry-stigmas and that the HetSI mechanism might differ between the pin and thrum.SI S1 might be the key factor in HetSI,and ROS are overexpressed during SC pollination to rapidly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation of E70A1 to maintain stigma receptivity in plants with HetSI.
基金Universiti Teknologi MARAMinistry of Higher Education of Malaysia for fund(0141903),LRGS-NanoMITe RU029-2014 and facility support。
文摘Chitosan nanoparticles are exhalation prone and agglomerative to pulmonary inhalation.Blending nanoparticles with lactose microparticles(~5 μm) could mutually reduce their agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. The chitosan nanoparticles of varying size, size distribution, zeta potential, crystallinity, shape and surface roughness were prepared by spray drying technique as a function of chitosan, surfactant and processing conditions. Lactose-polyethylene glycol 3000(PEG3000) microparticles were similarly prepared. The chitosan nanoparticles, physically blended with fine lactose-PEG3000 microparticles, exhibited a comparable inhalation performance with the commercial dry powder inhaler products(fine particle fraction between 20% and 30%). Cascade impactor analysis indicated that the aerosolization and inhalation performance of chitosan nanoparticles was promoted by their higher zeta potential and circularity, and larger size attributes of which led to reduced inter-nanoparticulate aggregation and favored nanoparticles interacting with lactose-PEG3000 micropaticles that aided their delivery into deep and peripheral lungs.
基金supported in part by Institutional Funds and from the National Cancer Institute(Grant No.R01-CA118947,R01-CA152826)the National Center for Complementary and Alt ernative Medicines and the Office of Dietary Supplements(Grant No.R01AT007065)
文摘Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer among men in the United States. Several studies have correlated the development of prostate cancer with diet and life-style. Therefore, a balanced diet and improved life style might inhibit prostate cancer progression. Cancer chemoprevention has emerged as an important factor in controlling cancer development through natural or synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress is among the factors contributing to prostate cancer development. The transcription factor nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) controls detoxifying antioxidant enzymes expression by binding to the antioxidant response element(ARE) in the promoter of these genes to activate their expression. Many natural products can fight oxidative stress and protects cells from DNA damage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. High consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce disease incidence and invasive tumors. In this review, the roles of important fruit and vegetable phytochemicals in regulating prostate cancer progression and tumor growth are discussed.
基金supported in part by the National Science and Technol-ogy Major Project(No.2021ZD0111502)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62176147,62476163)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(Nos.2022A1515110660,2021JC06X549)the STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents(No.NTF21001)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120020)。
文摘The complexity of unknown scenarios and the dynamics involved in target entrapment make designing control strategies for swarm robots a formidable task,which in turn impacts their efficiency in complex and dynamic settings.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an adaptive swarm robot entrapment control model grounded in the transformation of gene regulatory networks(AT-GRN).This innovative model enables swarm robots to dynamically adjust entrap-ment strategies by assessing current environmental conditions via real-time sensory data.Further-more,an improved motion control model for swarm robots is designed to dynamically shape the for-mation generated by the AT-GRN.Through two sets of rigorous experimental environments,the proposed model significantly enhances the trapping performance of swarm robots in complex envi-ronments,demonstrating remarkable adaptability and stability.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021ZD0111501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62176147)+2 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(Nos.2021A0505030072 and 2022A1515110660)Science and Technology Special Funds Project of Guangdong Province of China(Nos.STKJ2021176 and STKJ2021019)STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents(Nos.NTF21001 and NTF22030).
文摘Design automation is a core technology in industrial design software and an important branch of knowledge-worker automation.For example,electronic design automation(EDA)has played an important role in both academia and industry.Design automation for intelligent robots refers to the construction of unified modular graph models for the morphologies(body),controllers(brain),and vision systems(eye)of intelligent robots under digital twin architectures,which effectively supports the automation of the morphology,controller,and vision system design processes of intelligent robots by taking advantage of the powerful capabilities of genetic programming,evolutionary computation,deep learning,reinforcement learning,and causal reasoning in model representation,optimization,perception,decision making,and reasoning.Compared with traditional design methods,MOdular DEsigN Automation(MODENA)methods can significantly improve the design efficiency and performance of robots,effectively avoiding the repetitive trial-and-error processes of traditional design methods,and promoting automatic discovery of innovative designs.Thus,it is of considerable research significance to study MODENA methods for intelligent robots.To this end,this paper provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of applying MODENA in intelligent robots,analyzes the current problems and challenges in thefield,and provides an outlook for future research.First,the design automation for the robot morphologies and controllers is reviewed,individually,with automated design of control strategies for swarm robots also discussed,which has emerged as a prominent research focus recently.Next,the integrated design automation of both the morphologies and controllers for robotic systems is presented.Then,the design automation of the vision systems of intelligent robots is summarized when vision systems have become one of the most important modules for intelligent robotic systems.Then,the future research trends of integrated“Body-Brain-Eye”design automation for intelligent robots are discussed.Finally,the common key technologies,research challenges and opportunities in MODENA for intelligent robots are summarized.
