A geomagnetic field is a significant factor dur-ing the growth and development of trees.Changes in the magnetic field(MF)will result in reactions at the biochemi-cal,molecular,cellular and gene levels.However,it is no...A geomagnetic field is a significant factor dur-ing the growth and development of trees.Changes in the magnetic field(MF)will result in reactions at the biochemi-cal,molecular,cellular and gene levels.However,it is not clear how a magnetic field affects metabolism and home-ostasis under stressful conditions such as salinity.In this study,a novel method was developed of a static magnetic field(SMF)to investigate magnetobiological changes in trees.The results show that pre-treatment of poplar(Popu-lus×euramericana‘Neva’)cuttings with a static magnetic field significantly mitigated the negative effects of salinity stress on their growth and physiological activities.Bio-chemical assays revealed that several chemical messengers,including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and O_(2)^(·-),were sig-nificantly improved in roots treated with salt,implying an increase reactive oxygen species.A static magnetic field also significantly increased proline concentrations,soluble protein contents,and CAT and SOD activities.Electrophysiological experiments further revealed that pre-treatment with a static magnetic field remarkably decreased salt-induced Na^(+)influx and H^(+)efflux which control plant salt tolerance.In pharmacological experiments,because the Na^(+)/H^(+)cor-relation was closely related to the SMF-activated plasma membrane and Na^(+)antiporter activity alleviated the mas-sive accumulation of salt-induced reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)within the roots.In addition,a static magnetic field dramatically increased the transcriptional activity of stress-responsive genes,including PtrRBOHD and PtrHA5.Together,these results indicate that SMF reduced Na^(+)influx by activating Na^(+)/H^(+)antiporters and plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase to effectively maintain homeostasis by regu-lating the reactive oxygen species system and cytoplasmic osmotic potential.Ultimately,these static magnetic field methods improved salt tolerance in poplar cuttings,and,for future research,similar methods could be applied to other plants.展开更多
Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals.Chain elongation(CE)for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs,especially c...Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals.Chain elongation(CE)for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs,especially caproate,enanthate and caprylate)from diverse biowaste has emerged as a potential economic and environmental technology for a sustainable society.The present mini review summarizes the research utilizing various synthetic or real waste-derived substrates available for MCCA production.Additionally,the microbial characteristics of the CE process are surveyed and discussed.Considering that a large proportion of recalcitrantly biodegradable biowaste and residues cannot be further utilized by CE systems and remain to be treated and disposed,we propose here a loop concept of bioconversion of biowaste to MCCAs making full use of the biowaste with zero emission.This could make possible an alternative technology for synthesis of value-added products from a wide range of biowaste,or even non-biodegradable waste(such as,plastics and rubbers).Meanwhile,the remaining scientific questions,unsolved problems,application potential and possible developments for this technology are discussed.展开更多
According to the characteristics of the correlation of multiple wind farm output, this paper put forwards a modeling method based on fuzzy c-means clustering and the copula function, and correlation wind farms are ins...According to the characteristics of the correlation of multiple wind farm output, this paper put forwards a modeling method based on fuzzy c-means clustering and the copula function, and correlation wind farms are inserted into IEEE-RTS79 reliability system for risk assessment. By the probabilistic load flow calculated by Monte Carlo simulation method, the probability of the accident is derived, and bus voltage and branch power flow overload risk index are defined in this paper. The results show that this method can realize the modeling of the correlation of wind power output, and the risk index can identify the weakness of the system, which can provide reference for the operation and maintenance personnel.展开更多
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071751).
文摘A geomagnetic field is a significant factor dur-ing the growth and development of trees.Changes in the magnetic field(MF)will result in reactions at the biochemi-cal,molecular,cellular and gene levels.However,it is not clear how a magnetic field affects metabolism and home-ostasis under stressful conditions such as salinity.In this study,a novel method was developed of a static magnetic field(SMF)to investigate magnetobiological changes in trees.The results show that pre-treatment of poplar(Popu-lus×euramericana‘Neva’)cuttings with a static magnetic field significantly mitigated the negative effects of salinity stress on their growth and physiological activities.Bio-chemical assays revealed that several chemical messengers,including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and O_(2)^(·-),were sig-nificantly improved in roots treated with salt,implying an increase reactive oxygen species.A static magnetic field also significantly increased proline concentrations,soluble protein contents,and CAT and SOD activities.Electrophysiological experiments further revealed that pre-treatment with a static magnetic field remarkably decreased salt-induced Na^(+)influx and H^(+)efflux which control plant salt tolerance.In pharmacological experiments,because the Na^(+)/H^(+)cor-relation was closely related to the SMF-activated plasma membrane and Na^(+)antiporter activity alleviated the mas-sive accumulation of salt-induced reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)within the roots.In addition,a static magnetic field dramatically increased the transcriptional activity of stress-responsive genes,including PtrRBOHD and PtrHA5.Together,these results indicate that SMF reduced Na^(+)influx by activating Na^(+)/H^(+)antiporters and plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase to effectively maintain homeostasis by regu-lating the reactive oxygen species system and cytoplasmic osmotic potential.Ultimately,these static magnetic field methods improved salt tolerance in poplar cuttings,and,for future research,similar methods could be applied to other plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51622809, 51878471)
文摘Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals.Chain elongation(CE)for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs,especially caproate,enanthate and caprylate)from diverse biowaste has emerged as a potential economic and environmental technology for a sustainable society.The present mini review summarizes the research utilizing various synthetic or real waste-derived substrates available for MCCA production.Additionally,the microbial characteristics of the CE process are surveyed and discussed.Considering that a large proportion of recalcitrantly biodegradable biowaste and residues cannot be further utilized by CE systems and remain to be treated and disposed,we propose here a loop concept of bioconversion of biowaste to MCCAs making full use of the biowaste with zero emission.This could make possible an alternative technology for synthesis of value-added products from a wide range of biowaste,or even non-biodegradable waste(such as,plastics and rubbers).Meanwhile,the remaining scientific questions,unsolved problems,application potential and possible developments for this technology are discussed.
文摘According to the characteristics of the correlation of multiple wind farm output, this paper put forwards a modeling method based on fuzzy c-means clustering and the copula function, and correlation wind farms are inserted into IEEE-RTS79 reliability system for risk assessment. By the probabilistic load flow calculated by Monte Carlo simulation method, the probability of the accident is derived, and bus voltage and branch power flow overload risk index are defined in this paper. The results show that this method can realize the modeling of the correlation of wind power output, and the risk index can identify the weakness of the system, which can provide reference for the operation and maintenance personnel.
