In this study,ergothioneine liposomes were prepared via the reverse evaporation method,and the preparation conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.The optimal prep-arati...In this study,ergothioneine liposomes were prepared via the reverse evaporation method,and the preparation conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.The optimal prep-aration conditions were determined as follows:the pH of the aqueous phase was 7.1,the ratio of membrane materials(soy lecithin:cholesterol)was 3.5:1,and the ratio of lipids to the drug(soy lecithin:ergothioneine)was 28:1,with an encapsulation efficiency of 77.6%.The prepared liposomes were characterized by uniform particle size and good stability,while retaining the antioxidant activity of ergothioneine.Subsequently,polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was extracted and purified from Lanzhou lily.The inhibitory effect of ergothioneine(EGT)on the PPO activity in lily bulbs was investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy,circular dichroism spectros-copy and other techniques.Fluorescence results showed that ergothioneine quenched the endogenous fluores-cence of PPO from Lanzhou lily through a static quenching mechanism.The formed complex was mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions,and this process only induced local conformational changes of the enzyme protein.Finally,storage experiments demonstrated that chitosan-modified ergothioneine liposomes effectively delayed the browning of lily bulbs.This study not only elucidated the core mechanism underlying the inhibition of lily PPO by ergothioneine,but also successfully prepared highly efficient and stable ergothioneine liposomes.It provides a natural preservation solution for Lanzhou lily and other similar browning-prone fruits and vegetables,and also offers a theoretical reference for the development of natural browning inhibitors and the application of liposomes in the storage of fruits and vegetables.展开更多
In this study,the placenta of Tibetan sheep(PTS)was employed to prepare antioxidant peptides.Ultrasonic pretreatment was employed to enhance the degree of hydrolysis(DH,%),with the optimal hydrolysis parameters being ...In this study,the placenta of Tibetan sheep(PTS)was employed to prepare antioxidant peptides.Ultrasonic pretreatment was employed to enhance the degree of hydrolysis(DH,%),with the optimal hydrolysis parameters being as follows:enzymolysis time of 4.9 h,ultrasonic temperature of 35.5℃,ultrasonic power of 435 W,ul-trasonic time of 22 min,and DH was 4.62±1.58%.In the in vitro antioxidant activity assay,the IC_(50) value of the hydrolysate for DPPH radicals was found to be 2.83 mg/mL,which is comparable to the effect observed with the positive control BHT.The IC_(50) value for hydroxyl radicals was determined to be 0.94 mg/mL,demonstrating superior efficacy compared to that of BHT.The second fraction(F-2)isolated from the hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 85.7%at a concentration of 0.60 mg/mL and a hydroxyl free radicals scavenging rate of 84.46%at the concentration of 10 mg/mL.Twenty-seven novel peptides were identified from F-2 using Nano-ESI-LC-QTOF-MS/MS.A significant proportion of the peptides identified from F-2 had some antioxidant properties,which were attributed to the presence of hydrophobic and highly antioxidant amino acids in specific proportions at specific locations.The identified sequences demonstrate the potential of PTS as a source of antioxidant peptides.Molecular docking analyses showed that 27 peptide sequences were able to interact positively with DPPH·,OH· and BHT through hydrogen bonding.In addition,the analysis predicted an interaction between KTLPVAFK(K-8-K)and Keap1,suggesting that K-8-K has some anti-oxidant activity and may be involved in the Keap1-nrf2 pathway.展开更多
Objective:Lilium brownii var.viridulum(LB)and L.lancifolium(LL)are the main sources of medicinal lily(Lilii Bulbus,Baihe in Chinese)in China.However,the functional components of these two species responsible for the t...Objective:Lilium brownii var.viridulum(LB)and L.lancifolium(LL)are the main sources of medicinal lily(Lilii Bulbus,Baihe in Chinese)in China.However,the functional components of these two species responsible for the treatment efficacy are yet not clear.In order to explore the therapeutic material basis of Lilii Bulbus,we selected L.davidii var.willmottiae(LD)only used for food as the control group to analyze the differences between LD and the other two(LB and LL).Methods:Metabolome and transcriptome were carried out to investigate the differences of active components in LD vs LB and LD vs LL.Data of metabolome and transcriptome was analysed using various analysis methods,such as principal component analysis(PCA),hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and so on.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis.Results:The PCA and HCA of the metabolome indicated the metabolites were clearly separated and varied greatly in LL and LB contrasted with LD.There were 318 significantly differential metabolites(SDMs)in LD vs LB group and 298 SDMs in LD vs LL group.Compared with LD group,the significant up-regulation of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected both in LB and LL groups,especially in LB group.The HCA of transcriptome indicated that there was significant difference in LB vs LD group,while the difference between LL and LD varied slightly.Additionally,47540 DEGs in LD vs LB group and 18958 DEGs in LD vs LL group were identified.Notably,CYP450s involving in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected,and comparing with LD,CYP724,CYP710A,and CYP734A1 in LB and CYP90B in LL were all up-regulated.Conclusion:This study suggested that steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids maybe the representative functional components of Lilii Bulbus,which can provide new insights for Lilii Bulbus used in the research and development of classic famous formula.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.32460607,No.31960491]Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation[No.23JRRA798]+1 种基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Programme(25CXGA050)Longnan Municipal Key Science and Technology Project(2025ZD01).
文摘In this study,ergothioneine liposomes were prepared via the reverse evaporation method,and the preparation conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.The optimal prep-aration conditions were determined as follows:the pH of the aqueous phase was 7.1,the ratio of membrane materials(soy lecithin:cholesterol)was 3.5:1,and the ratio of lipids to the drug(soy lecithin:ergothioneine)was 28:1,with an encapsulation efficiency of 77.6%.The prepared liposomes were characterized by uniform particle size and good stability,while retaining the antioxidant activity of ergothioneine.Subsequently,polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was extracted and purified from Lanzhou lily.The inhibitory effect of ergothioneine(EGT)on the PPO activity in lily bulbs was investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy,circular dichroism spectros-copy and other techniques.Fluorescence results showed that ergothioneine quenched the endogenous fluores-cence of PPO from Lanzhou lily through a static quenching mechanism.The formed complex was mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions,and this process only induced local conformational changes of the enzyme protein.Finally,storage experiments demonstrated that chitosan-modified ergothioneine liposomes effectively delayed the browning of lily bulbs.This study not only elucidated the core mechanism underlying the inhibition of lily PPO by ergothioneine,but also successfully prepared highly efficient and stable ergothioneine liposomes.It provides a natural preservation solution for Lanzhou lily and other similar browning-prone fruits and vegetables,and also offers a theoretical reference for the development of natural browning inhibitors and the application of liposomes in the storage of fruits and vegetables.
基金supported by the Lanzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant number 2022-2-94)Youth Scien-tific and Technological Talents Innovation Project of Lanzhou(Grant number 2023-QN-145)+1 种基金Intellectual Property Project of Gansu Province(Grant number 23ZSCQ036)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant number 23IRRA826).
文摘In this study,the placenta of Tibetan sheep(PTS)was employed to prepare antioxidant peptides.Ultrasonic pretreatment was employed to enhance the degree of hydrolysis(DH,%),with the optimal hydrolysis parameters being as follows:enzymolysis time of 4.9 h,ultrasonic temperature of 35.5℃,ultrasonic power of 435 W,ul-trasonic time of 22 min,and DH was 4.62±1.58%.In the in vitro antioxidant activity assay,the IC_(50) value of the hydrolysate for DPPH radicals was found to be 2.83 mg/mL,which is comparable to the effect observed with the positive control BHT.The IC_(50) value for hydroxyl radicals was determined to be 0.94 mg/mL,demonstrating superior efficacy compared to that of BHT.The second fraction(F-2)isolated from the hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 85.7%at a concentration of 0.60 mg/mL and a hydroxyl free radicals scavenging rate of 84.46%at the concentration of 10 mg/mL.Twenty-seven novel peptides were identified from F-2 using Nano-ESI-LC-QTOF-MS/MS.A significant proportion of the peptides identified from F-2 had some antioxidant properties,which were attributed to the presence of hydrophobic and highly antioxidant amino acids in specific proportions at specific locations.The identified sequences demonstrate the potential of PTS as a source of antioxidant peptides.Molecular docking analyses showed that 27 peptide sequences were able to interact positively with DPPH·,OH· and BHT through hydrogen bonding.In addition,the analysis predicted an interaction between KTLPVAFK(K-8-K)and Keap1,suggesting that K-8-K has some anti-oxidant activity and may be involved in the Keap1-nrf2 pathway.
基金funded by 2022 Provincial Science and Technology Research and Development Plan United Fund(No.222301420075)Henan Provincial High-Level Talents International Training Funding Project(No.2021-72).
文摘Objective:Lilium brownii var.viridulum(LB)and L.lancifolium(LL)are the main sources of medicinal lily(Lilii Bulbus,Baihe in Chinese)in China.However,the functional components of these two species responsible for the treatment efficacy are yet not clear.In order to explore the therapeutic material basis of Lilii Bulbus,we selected L.davidii var.willmottiae(LD)only used for food as the control group to analyze the differences between LD and the other two(LB and LL).Methods:Metabolome and transcriptome were carried out to investigate the differences of active components in LD vs LB and LD vs LL.Data of metabolome and transcriptome was analysed using various analysis methods,such as principal component analysis(PCA),hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and so on.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis.Results:The PCA and HCA of the metabolome indicated the metabolites were clearly separated and varied greatly in LL and LB contrasted with LD.There were 318 significantly differential metabolites(SDMs)in LD vs LB group and 298 SDMs in LD vs LL group.Compared with LD group,the significant up-regulation of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected both in LB and LL groups,especially in LB group.The HCA of transcriptome indicated that there was significant difference in LB vs LD group,while the difference between LL and LD varied slightly.Additionally,47540 DEGs in LD vs LB group and 18958 DEGs in LD vs LL group were identified.Notably,CYP450s involving in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids were detected,and comparing with LD,CYP724,CYP710A,and CYP734A1 in LB and CYP90B in LL were all up-regulated.Conclusion:This study suggested that steroidal saponins and steroidal alkaloids maybe the representative functional components of Lilii Bulbus,which can provide new insights for Lilii Bulbus used in the research and development of classic famous formula.
