Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the...Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.展开更多
[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of ...[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of quality standards for mango seeds.[Methods]Powder microscopic examination,thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were employed to identify mango seeds sourced from various regions in Sichuan Province.In accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV),the extract content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and moisture content of the mango seeds were quantitatively determined.[Results]The morphological and powder microscopic characteristics of mango seeds in Tibetan medicine were described in detail.The methanol extract was qualitatively identified using TLC,and the content of gallic acid in the medicinal samples was determined by HPLC.The total ash content of mango seeds ranged from 1.82%to 2.73%,while the acid-insoluble ash content varied between 0.08%and 0.55%.The extract content ranged from 12.16%to 24.06%,and the moisture content was between 6.75%and 8.98%.[Conclusions]Specifications for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine have been established,indicating that the total ash content should not exceed 4.0%,the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 2%,the content of dilute ethanol extract should be no less than 15.0%,the moisture content should not exceed 12.0%,and the gallic acid content should be at least 1%.These parameters serve as a foundation for the development of quality standards for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was dete...[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was determined by HPLC method, and the content of water, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extract was detected according to the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). [Results] The microscopic identification showed that the features were obvious, and stone cells, cork cells, epidermal cells, stomata, fibers and catheter with reticulated pores could be found. Berberine was detected in barberry branches by thin layer chromatography, and the characteristic spots were separated clearly. Moisture, total ash, and acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 13%, 6%, and 3%, respectively, and extract content shall not be less than 10%. Berberine hydrochloride (C_(20)H_(18)ClNO_(4)) should be calculated in the branches of Berberis wilsonae Hemsley and Berberis aggregata C. K. Schneid., and berberine (C_(20)H_(17)NO_(4)) content should not be less than 0.05%. The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.002-0.240 mg/mL ( R^(2)=0.999 5). The average recovery was 89.63%, and RSD was 5.28%. [Conclusions] The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of barberry branches.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of common clinical folk herb Sophora davidii var.chuansiensis.[Methods]The qualitative identification was performed by microscopic method and thin-layer chromatography(TLC...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of common clinical folk herb Sophora davidii var.chuansiensis.[Methods]The qualitative identification was performed by microscopic method and thin-layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020).High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the contents of oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine.[Results]The microscopic characteristics were obvious,including crystal sheath fiber,calcium oxalate square crystal,non glandular hair,stone cells,epidermal cells,stomata,cork cells,vessels with marginal pits and so on.TLC spots were clear,and the resolution was good.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract from 10 batches of samples were 4.70%-8.33%,3.43%-4.19%,0.65%-1.02%and 14.67%-22.04%respectively.The determination results of oxymatrine were between 0.10%-0.33%,with an average value of 0.19%.The determination results of sophocarpine oxide were between 0.30%-0.38%,with an average value of 0.34%.[Conclusions]The established quality standard of S.davidii var.chuansiensis had good specificity and accuracy,and could be used for the quality control of herb S.davidii var.chuansiensis.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Yi herb medicine Millettia dielsiana.[Methods]Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana was qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and thin layer ident...[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Yi herb medicine Millettia dielsiana.[Methods]Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana was qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and thin layer identification.The content of total isoflavones was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were checked according to the method introduced in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).[Results]The microscopic identification features,including stone cells,fiber bundles,calcium oxalate square crystals,starch granules,pigment blocks,ducts,etc.,were distinct.A TLC method for identification of M.dielsiana was established.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract should be no more than 13%,no more than 7%,no more than 0.5%and no less than 6%in 10 batches of samples,respectively.The total isoflavones of M.dielsiana based on genistein(C_(15)H_(10)O_(5)) should be no less than 0.25%.The linear relationship of genistein was good in the range of 0.002-0.007 mg/mL(R^(2)=0.9996);the average recovery was 97.01%and the RSD was 2.62%.[Conclusions]The method is simple,accurate and well-reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-inso...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extr...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of O.sinensis.The qualitative identification of medicinal materials was carried out by microscopic identification method and thin layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The total amount of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract,hyperoside and isoquercitrin of 12 batches of medicinal materials were 8.56%-11.53%,11.26%-15.48%,1.62%-2.56%,17.75%-26.09%,and 0.036%-0.42%,respectively.The microscopic features were obvious,and pores,fibers,calcium oxalate clusters,calcium oxalate square crystals,cork cells could be observed.Fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the positions corresponding to the hyperoside reference substance.[Conclusions]Establishing relatively complete quality standards for O.sinensis medicinal materials can provide a reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Hibiscus trionum L.[Methods]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract of H.trionum L.were determined by the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.Th...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Hibiscus trionum L.[Methods]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract of H.trionum L.were determined by the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.The medicinal materials were qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and TLC,and the content of quercetin was determined by HPLC.[Results]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract contents of the 12 batches of samples were 7.69%-12.94%,10.44%-14.62%,1.89%-3.64%,16.56%-21.81%,microscopic characteristic was obvious,and a method for TLC and content determination of H.trionum L.was established.[Conclusions]A perfect quality standard was established,which can be used for the quality control of H.trionum L.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed by methods of origin identification,microscopic identification and thin layer ...[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed by methods of origin identification,microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography(TLC);the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and extract were detected using the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition),and the contents of quercetin and kaempferol were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The leaves of Euonymi Grandiflorus were subleathery,narrow and long elliptic or narrow obovate with cyme,and capsules were often with narrow wing ridge.Characteristics of microscopic identification were significant.Calcium oxalate cluster crystals,cubic crystals,inlaid parenchyma cells,starch granules,stomata,and fiber bundles could be observed.A TLC method for identification of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium was established.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash were not higher than 13%,9%,12%,respectively;the extract were no less were not higher than 13%,9%,12%and 17%in ten batches of samples,respectively;the sum of quercetin and kaempferol were no less than 0.20%.[Conclusions]The quality standard of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium were established through the research.This method is accurate,specific,and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from a Zhuang medicine HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE using response surface methodology.[Methods]Using rutin as a refere...[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from a Zhuang medicine HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE using response surface methodology.[Methods]Using rutin as a reference substance,a standard curve was drawn at a wavelength of 292 nm.Content determination was performed through absorbance under different conditions.The effects of ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and liquid-to-solid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE were investigated by single-factor tests.By using Box-Behnken test,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was optimized.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was as follows:ultrasonic time of 30 min,ethanol volume fraction of 50%and liquid-to-solid ratio of 40∶1(mL/g).Under the optimal extraction conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was 85.47 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was convenient and feasible.This study will provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE,and provide certain guidance and basis for further development and utilization of the plan resource of Blumea riparia(Bl.)DC.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of ...[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluatio...[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluation and clinical medicinal use of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]The contents of Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Rb,Se,Si,Sn,Sr,Ti,Tl,V and Zn in the C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples were determined simultaneously by wet digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and the determination results were analyzed by principal component analysis.[Results]A total of 28 inorganic elements were detected in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz from different origins.The contents of heavy metals did not exceed the limits.Among the elements,the determined values of Hg in all samples were below the detection limit,so it was not detected.The contents of Ca,Al,P and Fe were relatively high,and they were essential nutrients in the human body.There were significant differences among different elements.Samples from different origins show similar patterns in the distribution of main elements.Correlation analysis shows that 15 pairs of inorganic elements out of 24 elements had extremely significant positive correlations,and 26 pairs of elements had significant positive correlations.The principal component analysis determined Al,As,Ba,Ca,Cd,Fe,Mn,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Se,V and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Conclusions]The contents of toxic heavy metals in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins met the edible requirements.The method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used to analyze and determine the inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz,providing a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.[Methods]The forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules was optimized,with paste density,ethanol volume fraction,and type and proporti...[Objectives]To optimize the forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.[Methods]The forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules was optimized,with paste density,ethanol volume fraction,and type and proportion of excipient as influencing factors,and granule formability,solubility,moisture absorption,and angle of repose as evaluation indicators.Critical relative humidity(CRH)was investigated to select optimal storage conditions.[Results]Maltodextrin was selected as the excipient,and the best process parameters was the ratio of drug to excipient at 1∶2(g/g),under which the forming rate,solubility,moisture absorption rate,and angle of repose were 81.38%,98.90%,8.81%,and 27.5°,respectively.The critical relative humidity was 72%.[Conclusions]The forming process adopted is reasonable and feasible,and can provide a reference for large-scale production of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.展开更多
Tourism development influenced the ecological network of microbial communities.Regulating mechanism of intra-and inter-domain networks was clarified.Macrophyte coverage reduces microbial network complexity and stabili...Tourism development influenced the ecological network of microbial communities.Regulating mechanism of intra-and inter-domain networks was clarified.Macrophyte coverage reduces microbial network complexity and stability.Landscaping may promote nitrogen and phosphorus cycle in wetland watershed.Numerous urban wetland parks have been established,yet the understanding of microbial interactions in response to tourism development is still limited.This study aims to elucidate the impact of tourism development on the complexity and stability of molecular ecological networks within the microbial communities of wetland sediments.Through an analysis of sediments properties,microorganism intra-and inter-domain co-occurrence characteristics in three different wetland functional areas(conservation,landscaping,and recreation areas),we found that tourism development influenced sediment physicochemical properties.These changes regulated the diversity and ecological networks of archaeal and bacterial communities.Specifically,areas with landscaping(LA)exhibited reduced network connectivity and robustness,suggesting that macrophyte coverage diminishes the complexity and stability of microbial communities in wetland parks.Notably,the transition from conservation areas(CA)to LA strengthened the correlations between microbial network modules and sediment total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP),potentially enhancing the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in wetlands.Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that both abiotic factors(TC,TP,TN,K,Mg,pH)and biotic factors(archaeal and bacterialα-diversity)can influence interdomain network complexity,accounting for 42%of the variation.Among these factors,sediment TN exerted the largest positive effect on network complexity(37.9%),while Mg had the most negative impact(59.8%).This study provides valuable insights for ecological assessments of urban wetlands and can inform strategies for effective wetland ecosystem management.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LTGS24D010004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(No.42307064)+2 种基金the National Students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.202410346054)Hangzhou“Young science and technology talent cultivation”project(No.4305F45623004)the Fundamental Research Funds for Climbing Project from Hangzhou Normal University(No.KYQD-2023-217).
文摘Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program Project of Sichuan Province(2024YFFK0190)Special Fund of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2025257).
文摘[Objectives]To preliminarily investigate the morphological identification and content determination of mango seeds utilized in Tibetan medicine,thereby providing foundational data to support the further refinement of quality standards for mango seeds.[Methods]Powder microscopic examination,thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were employed to identify mango seeds sourced from various regions in Sichuan Province.In accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV),the extract content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and moisture content of the mango seeds were quantitatively determined.[Results]The morphological and powder microscopic characteristics of mango seeds in Tibetan medicine were described in detail.The methanol extract was qualitatively identified using TLC,and the content of gallic acid in the medicinal samples was determined by HPLC.The total ash content of mango seeds ranged from 1.82%to 2.73%,while the acid-insoluble ash content varied between 0.08%and 0.55%.The extract content ranged from 12.16%to 24.06%,and the moisture content was between 6.75%and 8.98%.[Conclusions]Specifications for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine have been established,indicating that the total ash content should not exceed 4.0%,the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 2%,the content of dilute ethanol extract should be no less than 15.0%,the moisture content should not exceed 12.0%,and the gallic acid content should be at least 1%.These parameters serve as a foundation for the development of quality standards for mango seeds in Tibetan medicine.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFC-06101)Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2022NSFSC1605)+2 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)Standard Improvement of Sichuan Medical Products Administration(510201202102305)Leading Talents Support Plan of National Ethnic Affairs Commission in 2022Special Project for the University-Level Innovation Team in the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2022067).
文摘[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was determined by HPLC method, and the content of water, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extract was detected according to the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). [Results] The microscopic identification showed that the features were obvious, and stone cells, cork cells, epidermal cells, stomata, fibers and catheter with reticulated pores could be found. Berberine was detected in barberry branches by thin layer chromatography, and the characteristic spots were separated clearly. Moisture, total ash, and acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 13%, 6%, and 3%, respectively, and extract content shall not be less than 10%. Berberine hydrochloride (C_(20)H_(18)ClNO_(4)) should be calculated in the branches of Berberis wilsonae Hemsley and Berberis aggregata C. K. Schneid., and berberine (C_(20)H_(17)NO_(4)) content should not be less than 0.05%. The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.002-0.240 mg/mL ( R^(2)=0.999 5). The average recovery was 89.63%, and RSD was 5.28%. [Conclusions] The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of barberry branches.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Plan(2018YFC1708005)Sichuan Science and Technology Plan Project(2021YFS0043)+2 种基金Improvement of the Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)of Sichuan Medical Products Administration(510201202102305)Leading Talent Support Plan in 2021Research Projects of Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Colleges and Universities(2021PTJS35).
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of common clinical folk herb Sophora davidii var.chuansiensis.[Methods]The qualitative identification was performed by microscopic method and thin-layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020).High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the contents of oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine.[Results]The microscopic characteristics were obvious,including crystal sheath fiber,calcium oxalate square crystal,non glandular hair,stone cells,epidermal cells,stomata,cork cells,vessels with marginal pits and so on.TLC spots were clear,and the resolution was good.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract from 10 batches of samples were 4.70%-8.33%,3.43%-4.19%,0.65%-1.02%and 14.67%-22.04%respectively.The determination results of oxymatrine were between 0.10%-0.33%,with an average value of 0.19%.The determination results of sophocarpine oxide were between 0.30%-0.38%,with an average value of 0.34%.[Conclusions]The established quality standard of S.davidii var.chuansiensis had good specificity and accuracy,and could be used for the quality control of herb S.davidii var.chuansiensis.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1706101)Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(Key Research and Development Project)(2021YFS0043)+2 种基金Standard Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)of Sichuan Provincial Drug Administration(510201202102305)2022 Leading Talents Support Program of National Ethnic Affairs CommissionUniversity-level Innovation Team Special Project of Basic Research Funds for Central Universities and Colleges(ZYN2022067)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Yi herb medicine Millettia dielsiana.[Methods]Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana was qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and thin layer identification.The content of total isoflavones was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were checked according to the method introduced in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).[Results]The microscopic identification features,including stone cells,fiber bundles,calcium oxalate square crystals,starch granules,pigment blocks,ducts,etc.,were distinct.A TLC method for identification of M.dielsiana was established.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract should be no more than 13%,no more than 7%,no more than 0.5%and no less than 6%in 10 batches of samples,respectively.The total isoflavones of M.dielsiana based on genistein(C_(15)H_(10)O_(5)) should be no less than 0.25%.The linear relationship of genistein was good in the range of 0.002-0.007 mg/mL(R^(2)=0.9996);the average recovery was 97.01%and the RSD was 2.62%.[Conclusions]The method is simple,accurate and well-reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Yi herb medicine M.dielsiana.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Plan Project(2018YFC1708005)Application Foundation Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20YYJC3299)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Universities of Southwest Minzu University(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.
基金Supported by Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)Standard Improvement Project of Sichuan Medical Products Administration(510201202102305)School Level Innovation Team of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2022067)。
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl.[Methods]The method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of O.sinensis.The qualitative identification of medicinal materials was carried out by microscopic identification method and thin layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The total amount of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract,hyperoside and isoquercitrin of 12 batches of medicinal materials were 8.56%-11.53%,11.26%-15.48%,1.62%-2.56%,17.75%-26.09%,and 0.036%-0.42%,respectively.The microscopic features were obvious,and pores,fibers,calcium oxalate clusters,calcium oxalate square crystals,cork cells could be observed.Fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed at the positions corresponding to the hyperoside reference substance.[Conclusions]Establishing relatively complete quality standards for O.sinensis medicinal materials can provide a reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Plan(2018YFC1706101)Sichuan Science and Technology Plan Project(2021YFS0043)+1 种基金2021 State Ethnic Affairs Commission Leading Talent Support PlanBasic Scientific Research Project for Central Universities—Special Project of School-level Innovation Team(ZYN2022067)。
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Hibiscus trionum L.[Methods]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract of H.trionum L.were determined by the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.The medicinal materials were qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and TLC,and the content of quercetin was determined by HPLC.[Results]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract contents of the 12 batches of samples were 7.69%-12.94%,10.44%-14.62%,1.89%-3.64%,16.56%-21.81%,microscopic characteristic was obvious,and a method for TLC and content determination of H.trionum L.was established.[Conclusions]A perfect quality standard was established,which can be used for the quality control of H.trionum L.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Sichuan Key Research and Development Program(2021YFS0043)+1 种基金Leading Talent Support Program of National Civil Commission(2021)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2022067)。
文摘[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed by methods of origin identification,microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography(TLC);the moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and extract were detected using the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition),and the contents of quercetin and kaempferol were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The leaves of Euonymi Grandiflorus were subleathery,narrow and long elliptic or narrow obovate with cyme,and capsules were often with narrow wing ridge.Characteristics of microscopic identification were significant.Calcium oxalate cluster crystals,cubic crystals,inlaid parenchyma cells,starch granules,stomata,and fiber bundles could be observed.A TLC method for identification of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium was established.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash were not higher than 13%,9%,12%,respectively;the extract were no less were not higher than 13%,9%,12%and 17%in ten batches of samples,respectively;the sum of quercetin and kaempferol were no less than 0.20%.[Conclusions]The quality standard of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium were established through the research.This method is accurate,specific,and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Euonymi Grandiflorus Caulis and Folium.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Project of Sichuan Province 2020(20YYJC3299)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from a Zhuang medicine HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE using response surface methodology.[Methods]Using rutin as a reference substance,a standard curve was drawn at a wavelength of 292 nm.Content determination was performed through absorbance under different conditions.The effects of ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and liquid-to-solid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE were investigated by single-factor tests.By using Box-Behnken test,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was optimized.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was as follows:ultrasonic time of 30 min,ethanol volume fraction of 50%and liquid-to-solid ratio of 40∶1(mL/g).Under the optimal extraction conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was 85.47 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was convenient and feasible.This study will provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE,and provide certain guidance and basis for further development and utilization of the plan resource of Blumea riparia(Bl.)DC.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Plan of Sichuan Province(2018ZY0842)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.
基金National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province(2018ZY0342)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluation and clinical medicinal use of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]The contents of Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Rb,Se,Si,Sn,Sr,Ti,Tl,V and Zn in the C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples were determined simultaneously by wet digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and the determination results were analyzed by principal component analysis.[Results]A total of 28 inorganic elements were detected in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz from different origins.The contents of heavy metals did not exceed the limits.Among the elements,the determined values of Hg in all samples were below the detection limit,so it was not detected.The contents of Ca,Al,P and Fe were relatively high,and they were essential nutrients in the human body.There were significant differences among different elements.Samples from different origins show similar patterns in the distribution of main elements.Correlation analysis shows that 15 pairs of inorganic elements out of 24 elements had extremely significant positive correlations,and 26 pairs of elements had significant positive correlations.The principal component analysis determined Al,As,Ba,Ca,Cd,Fe,Mn,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Se,V and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Conclusions]The contents of toxic heavy metals in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins met the edible requirements.The method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used to analyze and determine the inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz,providing a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.
基金National Key R&D Program(2018YFC1708005)Sichuan Provincial Key R&D Project(2021YFS0043)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.[Methods]The forming process of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules was optimized,with paste density,ethanol volume fraction,and type and proportion of excipient as influencing factors,and granule formability,solubility,moisture absorption,and angle of repose as evaluation indicators.Critical relative humidity(CRH)was investigated to select optimal storage conditions.[Results]Maltodextrin was selected as the excipient,and the best process parameters was the ratio of drug to excipient at 1∶2(g/g),under which the forming rate,solubility,moisture absorption rate,and angle of repose were 81.38%,98.90%,8.81%,and 27.5°,respectively.The critical relative humidity was 72%.[Conclusions]The forming process adopted is reasonable and feasible,and can provide a reference for large-scale production of Yi medicine Tongfeng Granules.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LTGS24D010004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42307064)the Fundamental Research Funds for Climbing Project from Hangzhou Normal University(Grant Nos.4305C50223204097 and 4305C52724101001).
文摘Tourism development influenced the ecological network of microbial communities.Regulating mechanism of intra-and inter-domain networks was clarified.Macrophyte coverage reduces microbial network complexity and stability.Landscaping may promote nitrogen and phosphorus cycle in wetland watershed.Numerous urban wetland parks have been established,yet the understanding of microbial interactions in response to tourism development is still limited.This study aims to elucidate the impact of tourism development on the complexity and stability of molecular ecological networks within the microbial communities of wetland sediments.Through an analysis of sediments properties,microorganism intra-and inter-domain co-occurrence characteristics in three different wetland functional areas(conservation,landscaping,and recreation areas),we found that tourism development influenced sediment physicochemical properties.These changes regulated the diversity and ecological networks of archaeal and bacterial communities.Specifically,areas with landscaping(LA)exhibited reduced network connectivity and robustness,suggesting that macrophyte coverage diminishes the complexity and stability of microbial communities in wetland parks.Notably,the transition from conservation areas(CA)to LA strengthened the correlations between microbial network modules and sediment total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP),potentially enhancing the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in wetlands.Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that both abiotic factors(TC,TP,TN,K,Mg,pH)and biotic factors(archaeal and bacterialα-diversity)can influence interdomain network complexity,accounting for 42%of the variation.Among these factors,sediment TN exerted the largest positive effect on network complexity(37.9%),while Mg had the most negative impact(59.8%).This study provides valuable insights for ecological assessments of urban wetlands and can inform strategies for effective wetland ecosystem management.
