The as-deposited coating-substrate microstructure has been identified to substantially influence the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)behavior of Ni-based single-crystal(SX)superalloys at 900℃,but the impact of degraded micros...The as-deposited coating-substrate microstructure has been identified to substantially influence the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)behavior of Ni-based single-crystal(SX)superalloys at 900℃,but the impact of degraded microstructure on the HCF behavior remains unclear.In this work,a PtAl-coated third-generation SX superalloy with sheet specimen was thermal-exposed at 1100℃ with different durations and then subjected to HCF tests at 900℃.The influence of microstructural degradation on the HCF life and crack initiation were clarified by analyzing the development of microcracks and coating-substrate microstructure.Notably,the HCF life of the thermal-exposed coated alloy increased abnormally,which was attributed to the transformation of the fatigue crack initiation site from surface mi-crocracks to internal micropores compared to the as-deposited coated alloy.Although the nucleation and growth of surface microcracks occurred along the grain boundaries in the coating and the interdiffusion zone(IDZ)for both the as-deposited and the thermal-exposed coated alloys,remarkable differences of the microcrack growth into the substrate adjacent to the IDZ were observed,changing the crack initiation site.Specifically,the surface microcracks grew into the substrate through the cracking of the non-protective oxide layers in the as-deposited coated alloy.In comparison,the hinderance of the surface microcracks growth was found in the thermal-exposed coated al-loy,due to the formation of a protective Al_(2)O_(3) layer within the microcrack and theγ′rafting in the substrate close to the IDZ.This study will aid in improving the HCF life prediction model for the coated SX superalloys.展开更多
Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has ...Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has been difficult to strike a balance between the robustness and flexibility of coatings constructed by a single cross-linked network design.To overcome the conundrum,this innovative approach effectively combines two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functions,thus overcoming the challenge.Through a tightly interwoven structure comprised of added crosslinking sites,the coating achieves improved liquid repellency(WCA>100°,OSA<10°),increased durability(withstands 2,000 cycles of cotton wear),enhanced flexibility(endures 5,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 1 mm),and maintains high transparency(over 98%in the range of 410 nm to 760 nm).Additionally,the coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates,enabling large-scale preparation and easy cycling coating,thus expanding its potential applications.The architecture of this fluoride-free dual cross-linked network not only advances liquid-repellent surfaces but also provides valuable insights for the development of eco-friendly materials in the future.展开更多
Inspired by the layered structure of dental enamel in the human body,a superhydrophobic coating with an elastic gradient was developed and placed on the inner wall of a gas transmission pipeline to reduce erosion and ...Inspired by the layered structure of dental enamel in the human body,a superhydrophobic coating with an elastic gradient was developed and placed on the inner wall of a gas transmission pipeline to reduce erosion and corrosion.The coating comprises a hard bionic superhydrophobic top coating and a hydrogel layer underneath for buffering and self-repair.To improve the impact resistance of the top coating,layered structures with different viscoelasticities were constructed by controlling the content of lauric acid(LA)@TiO_(2) particles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The amylose hydrogel underlayer not only acts as a shock absorber but also restores potential damage in the top layer,bringing an additional benefit to the corrosion resistance of the coating.Thanks to these three cooperative approaches,the coating exhibits excellent mechanical durability(800 cycles with 600-mesh sandpaper under a 49 kPa load)and corrosion resistance(with a corrosion potential of-0.21 V).Moreover,it maintains its superhydrophobicity after sanding,bending,soaking,and scratching,demonstrating its potential for application to protect transmission pipelines from erosion and corrosion.展开更多
Aero-engine turbine blades may suffer overheating during service,which can result in severe microstructural and mechanical degradation within tens of seconds.In this study,the thermal cycling creep under(950℃/15 min+...Aero-engine turbine blades may suffer overheating during service,which can result in severe microstructural and mechanical degradation within tens of seconds.In this study,the thermal cycling creep under(950℃/15 min+1100℃/1 min)-100 MPa was performed on a directionally solidified superalloy,DZ125.The effects of overheating and thermal cycling on the creep properties were evaluated in terms of creep behavior and microstructural evolution against isothermally crept specimens under 950℃/100 MPa,950℃/270 MPa,and 1100℃/100 MPa.The results indicated that the thermal cycling creep life was reduced dramatically compared to the isothermal creep under 950℃/100 MPa.The plastic creep deformation mainly occurred during the overheating stage during the thermal cycling creep.The thermal cycling creep curve exhibited three stages,similar to the 1100℃isothermal creep,but its minimum creep rate occurred at a lower creep strain.The overheating events caused severe microstructural degradation,such as substantial dissolution ofγ'phase,earlier formation of raftedγ'microstructure,widening of theγchannels,and instability of the interfacial dislocation networks.This microstructural degradation was the main reason for the dramatic decrease in thermal cycling creep life,as the thermal cycling promoted more dislocations to cut intoγ'phase and more cracks to initiate at grain boundaries,carbides,and residual eutectic pools.This study underlines the importance of evaluating the thermal cycling creep properties of superalloys to be used as turbine blades and provides insights into the effect of thermal cycling on directionally solidified superalloys for component design.展开更多
Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects...Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage. Results of 16S r RNA gene sequencing showed that IAA could alter the diversity, relative abundance and function of gut microbiota in female and male rats. IAA also increased the abundance of genes related to steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of male rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed that IAA could significantly disturb 6 and 13 metabolites in the feces of female and male rats, respectively. In female rats, the level of androstanediol increased in the IAA treatment group. These results were consistent with our previous findings, where IAA was identified as an androgen disruptor. Additionally, the perturbed gut microbiota and altered metabolites were correlated with each other. The results of this study indicated that IAA could disturb gut microbiota and its metabolism. These changes in gut microbiota and its metabolism were associated with the reproductive and developmental toxicity of IAA.展开更多
The carbides/nitrides precipitates in ferrite grains, on grain boundaries and dislocations were investigated on a hot-rolled C-Mn strip （0.16wt%C-1.22wt%Mn-0.022wt%Ti） produced by the CSP （compact strip production...The carbides/nitrides precipitates in ferrite grains, on grain boundaries and dislocations were investigated on a hot-rolled C-Mn strip （0.16wt%C-1.22wt%Mn-0.022wt%Ti） produced by the CSP （compact strip production） technology using TEM and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The Pickering＇s equation for the contribution of precipitates to the yield stress was also discussed. It is shown that there are numerous fine and dispersive precipitates TiC in the ferrite grains, on the grain boundaries and dislocations. Also there are a small amount of coarser Ti（C, N） particles and TiC particles associated with MnS. Precipitation strengthening on steels produced by the CSP technology is significant.展开更多
Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown a...Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown and were the subject of recent epidemiological studies. However,most bioanalytical methods focus on a select few DBPs. In this study, a new comprehensive bioanalytical method has been developed that can quantify mixtures of organic halogenated compounds, including DBPs, in human urine as total organic chlorine（TOCl）, total organic bromine（TOBr）, and total organic iodine（TOI）. The optimized method consists of urine dilution, adsorption to activated carbon, pyrolysis of activated carbon, absorption of gases in an aqueous solution, and halide analysis with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spike recoveries for TOCl, TOBr, and TOI measurements ranged between 78% and 99%. Average TOCl, TOBr, and TOI concentrations in five urine samples from volunteers who consumed tap water were 1850, 82, and 21.0 μg/L as X^-, respectively.Volunteers who consumed spring water（control） had TOCl, TOBr, and TOI average concentrations in urine of 1090, 88, and 10.3 μg/L as X^-, respectively. TOCl and TOI in the urine samples from tap water consumers were higher than the control. However, TOBr was slightly lower in tap water urine samples compared to mineral water urine samples, indicating other sources of environmental exposure other than drinking water. A larger sample population that consumes tap water from different cities and mineral water is needed to determine TOCl, TOBr, and TOI exposure from drinking water.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit impressive optical and electronic properties,making them an important class of functional materials with promising applications in solar cells,light emitting diodes(LED...Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit impressive optical and electronic properties,making them an important class of functional materials with promising applications in solar cells,light emitting diodes(LEDs),photodetectors,and photocatalysts.In addition to the widely studied 0-dimensional(0 D)metal halide perovskite NCs,such as nanocubes,low dimensional perovskites,such as 2 D all-inorganic perovskite(AIP)NCs,subsist with directionally relevant quantum confinement.These anisotropic NCs have the propensity to exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties that are exceedingly difficult to introduce into 0 D systems,yet as of late are largely unexplored.In this review,we discuss the recent synthetic progress of 2 D all-inorganic metal halide perovskite NCs with ABX3 structure.Specifically,we highlight the discrete composition control of the cations(A and B sites)and anions(X site)by dopant incorporation and alloying in 2 D metal halide perovskite NCs.We will also discuss more complex perovskite crystal structures,such as Ruddlesden-Popper double perovskites,and compare these materials to 0 D perovskite systems.Ultimately,our work culminates in the future interests and perspectives of this field with a focus on the wide applicability of 2 D systems and the large variance in structure capable with discrete compositional tuning.展开更多
The recent evolution of the Internet towards "Information-centric" transfer modes has renewed the interest in exploiting proxies to enhance seamless mobility. In this work, we focus on the case of multiple l...The recent evolution of the Internet towards "Information-centric" transfer modes has renewed the interest in exploiting proxies to enhance seamless mobility. In this work, we focus on the case of multiple levels of proxies in ICN architectures, in which content requests from mobile subscribers and the corresponding items are proactively cached to these proxies at different levels. Specifically, we present a multiple-level proactive caching model that selects the appropriate subset of proxies at different levels and supports distributed online decision procedures in terms of the tradeoff between delay and cache cost. We show via extensive simulations the reduction of up to 31.63% in the total cost relative to Full Caching, in which caching in all 1-level neighbor proxies is performed, and up to 84.21% relative to No Caching, in which no caching is used. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms other approaches with a flat cache structure in terms of the total cost.展开更多
To improve energy density,the transportation,storage,and operations of hydrogen,methane,and compressed air vehicles currently require high-pressure compression.High-pressure solenoid valve becomes the vital element to...To improve energy density,the transportation,storage,and operations of hydrogen,methane,and compressed air vehicles currently require high-pressure compression.High-pressure solenoid valve becomes the vital element to above system.In order to reduce leakage and aerodynamic force influence,a new type high-pressure solenoid valve was proposed.The simulation model which included electromagnetic model,aerodynamic force model was established by means of the nonlinear mathematic models.Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation,the dynamic response characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic solenoid valve were obtained under different pulse width modulation(PWM)input control signals.Results show that,first of all,the new type of high-pressure solenoid valve can meet the switch requirement.Secondly,the opening movement and closing movement of the spool lags the PWM rising signal,and the coil current fluctuates significantly during the movement of the spool.Lastly,on/off status of high-pressure valve cannot be represented by the duty cycle.This research can be referred in the design of the high-pressure solenoid valve..展开更多
Cas12h1 is a compact CRISPR-associated nuclease from functionally diverse type V CRISPR-Cas effectors and recognizes a purine-rich protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)distinct from that of other type V Cas effectors.Here,w...Cas12h1 is a compact CRISPR-associated nuclease from functionally diverse type V CRISPR-Cas effectors and recognizes a purine-rich protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)distinct from that of other type V Cas effectors.Here,we report the nickase preference of Cas12h1,which predominantly cleaves the nontarget strand(NTS)of a double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)substrate.In addition,Cas12h1 acts as a nickase in human cells.We further determined the cryo-EM structures of Cas12h1 in the surveillance,R-loop formation,and interference states,revealing the molecular mechanisms involved in the crRNA maturation,target recognition,R-loop formation,nuclease activation and target degradation.Cas12h1 notably recognizes a broad 5’-DHR-3’PAM(D is A,G,or T;H is A,C,or T;R is A or G)both in vitro and in human cells.In addition,Cas12h1 utilizes a distinct activation mechanism that the lid motif undergoes a“flexible to stable”transition to expose the catalytic site to the substrate.A high-fidelity nucleic acid detector,Cas12h1hf,was developed through rational engineering,which distinguishes single-base mismatches and retains comparable on-target activities.Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas12h1 nickase,improve the understanding of type V Cas effectors,and expand the CRISPR toolbox for genome editing and molecular diagnosis.展开更多
During interventional surgeries of implantable cardiovascular devices in addressing cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the inevitable tissue damage will trigger host inflammation and vascular lumen injury,leading to delayed...During interventional surgeries of implantable cardiovascular devices in addressing cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the inevitable tissue damage will trigger host inflammation and vascular lumen injury,leading to delayed re-endothelization and intimal hyperplasia.Endowing cardiovascular implants with anti-inflammatory and endothelialization functions is conducive to the target site,offering significant tissue repair and regeneration benefits.Herein,inspired by the snake’s molting process,a ShedWise device was developed by using the poly(propylene fumarate)polyurethane(PPFU)as the foundational material,which was clicked with hyperbranched polylysine(HBPL)and followed by conjugation with pro-endothelial functional Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide(REDV),and finally coated with a“self-sacrificing”layer having reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging ability and degradability.During the acute inflammation in the initial stage of implantation,the ROS-responsive hyperbranched poly acrylate-capped thioketone-containing ethylene glycol(HBPAK)coating effectively modulated the level of environmental inflammation and resisted initial protein adsorption,showcasing robust tissue protection.As the coating gradually“sacrificed”,the exposed hyperbranched HBPL-REDV layer recruited specifically endothelial cells and promoted surface endothelialization.In a rat vascular injury model,the ShedWise demonstrated remarkable efficiency in reducing vascular restenosis,protecting the injured tissue,and fostering re-endothelization of the target site.This innovative design will introduce a novel strategy for surface engineering of cardiovascular implants and other medical devices.展开更多
Nanomaterial shapes can have profound effects on material properties, and therefore offer an efficient way to improve the performances of designed materials and devices. The rational fabrication of multidimensional ar...Nanomaterial shapes can have profound effects on material properties, and therefore offer an efficient way to improve the performances of designed materials and devices. The rational fabrication of multidimensional architectures such as one dimensional （1D）-two dimensional （2D） hybrid nanomaterials can integrate the merits of individual components and provide enhanced functionality. However, it is still very challenging to fabricate 1D/2D architectures because of the different growth mechanisms of the nanostructures. Here, we present a new solvent- mediated, surface reaction-driven growth route for synthesis of CdS nanowire （NW）/CdIn2S4 nanosheet （NS） 1D/2D architectures. The as-obtained CdS NW/ CdIn2S4 NS structures exhibit much higher visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activities for water splitting than the individual components. The CdS NW/CdIn2S4 NS heterostructure was further fabricated into photoelectrodes, which achieved a considerable photocurrent density of 2.85 mA·cm^-2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE） without use of any co-catalysts. This represents one of the best results from a CdS-based photoelectrochemical （PEC） cell. Both the multidimensional nature and type II band alignment of the 1D/2D CdS/CdIn2S4 heterostructure contribute to the enhanced photocatalyfic and photoelectrochemical activity. The present work not only provides a new strategy for designing multidimensional 1D/2D heterostructures, but also documents the development of highly efficient energy conversion catalysts.展开更多
Transition-metal ions doped nanocrystals(NCs),specifically Mn-doped NCs,hold great potential in the field of photocatalysis,especially,to improve photocatalytic performance for singlet oxygen(1O2)generation.Here,we re...Transition-metal ions doped nanocrystals(NCs),specifically Mn-doped NCs,hold great potential in the field of photocatalysis,especially,to improve photocatalytic performance for singlet oxygen(1O2)generation.Here,we report the design of a novel Mn-doped NC-based nanocomposites,specifically,silica-coated Mn-doped CdS/ZnS NCs decorated with Pt NCs(denoted as Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt),which enhance photocatalytic 1O2 generation.Owing to the long-lived Mn excited state(on the order of ms),the energy-transfer between Mn-NCs and molecular oxygen is facilitated with the assistance of the Pt NCs adhered to the Mn-NC@SiO2 surface.Therefore,the Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt composites,integrate the advantages of Mn-doped NCs,a protective silica layer,and Pt NCs to exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the selective oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes through an 1O2 engaged oxidation process under visible-light irradiation.This work paves the way for enhancing catalytic performance via facilitated energy transfer relaxation by utilizing the long-lived excited-state of Mn2+dopant ions in nanocomposites.展开更多
Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate ...Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.展开更多
Inflammation is a self-protection mechanism that can be triggered when innate immune cells detect infection.Eradication of pathogen infection requires appropriate immune and inflammatory responses,but excessive inflam...Inflammation is a self-protection mechanism that can be triggered when innate immune cells detect infection.Eradication of pathogen infection requires appropriate immune and inflammatory responses,but excessive inflammatory responses can cause uncontrolled inflammation,autoimmune diseases,or pathogen dissemination.Mounting evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)in mammals act as important and versatile regulators of innate immunity and inflammation.However,miRNAmediated regulation networks are largely unknown in inflammatory responses in lower vertebrates.Here,miR-144 and miR-217 are identified as negative regulators in teleost inflammatory responses.We find that Vibrio harveyi and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)treatment significantly upregulate the expression of fish miR-144 and miR-217.Upregulated miR-144 and miR-217 suppress LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by targeting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1(NOD1),thereby avoiding excessive inflammatory responses.In addition,miR-144 and miR-217 regulate inflammatory responses through NOD1-induced nuclear factor kappa(NF-κB)signaling pathways.These findings demonstrate that miR-144 and miR-217 play regulatory roles in inflammatory responses by modulating the NOD1-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)represent a significant component of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)microenvironments which play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance.Tumor-ona-chip technology has provide...Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)represent a significant component of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)microenvironments which play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance.Tumor-ona-chip technology has provided a powerful in vitro platform to investigate the crosstalk between activated HSCs and HCC cells by mimicking physiological architecture with precise spatiotemporal control.Here we developed a tri-cell culture microfluidic chip to evaluate the impact of HSCs on HCC progression.Onchip analysis revealed activated HSCs contributed to endothelial invasion,HCC drug resistance and natural killer(NK)cell exhaustion.Cytokine array and RNA sequencing analysis were combined to indicate the iron-binding protein LIPOCALIN-2(LCN-2)as a key factor in remodeling tumor microenvironments in the HCC-on-a-chip.LCN-2 targeted therapy demonstrated robust anti-tumor effects both in vitro 3D biomimetic chip and in vivo mouse model,including angiogenesis inhibition,sorafenib sensitivity promotion and NK-cell cytotoxicity enhancement.Taken together,the microfluidic platform exhibited obvious advantages in mimicking functional characteristics of tumor microenvironments and developing targeted therapies.展开更多
Noncoding RNA(ncRNA)is an important regulatory factor that plays a major role in innate immunity.However,most studies on ncRNA have focused on mammals,resulting in a knowledge gap on nc RNA in lower vertebrates such a...Noncoding RNA(ncRNA)is an important regulatory factor that plays a major role in innate immunity.However,most studies on ncRNA have focused on mammals,resulting in a knowledge gap on nc RNA in lower vertebrates such as teleost fish.In this study,we identified a new long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),termed TAK1-related lnc RNA(TARL),which can play a positive role in the antibacterial immunity of Miichthys miiuy to Vibrio anguillarum and V.harveyi.We also found a novel micro RNA miR-2188-3p that could target TAK1 and inhibit the host antibacterial response and promote bacterial escape.We further found that the antibacterial effect inhibited by miR-2188-3p could be reversed with TARL.Moreover,V.anguillarum and V.harveyi are the two most susceptible Gram-negative pathogens of aquaculture fish,and the economic losses caused by these two bacteria are immeasurable every year.This study is the first to report on the ability of lnc RNA to prevent the escape of V.anguillarum and V.harveyi in fish through the competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)mechanism.Our results not only elucidate the ce RNA mechanism of the lncRNA in antibacterial immune responses but also provide new insights into the impact of lnc RNA on host immunity and bacterial escape.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)toward H_(2)O_(2)is highly desirable because only sunlight,O_(2)and water are required in the process.However,the corresponding studies are still at its infancy becau...Photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)toward H_(2)O_(2)is highly desirable because only sunlight,O_(2)and water are required in the process.However,the corresponding studies are still at its infancy because of the lack of suitable photocathodes,especially inorganic semiconductor photocathodes.In this work,we report CuBi_(2)O_(4)/CuO(CBO/CuO)heterojunction submicrocrystalline film photocathodes with efficient ORR activity for H_(2)O_(2)production.The heterojunction film photocathodes were prepared through thermal evaporation of Cu and Bi metals under vacuum and subsequent annealing treatment.Furthermore,the doping of Gd^(3+)ions into CBO/CuO could significantly enhance the yield of H_(2)O_(2).As a result,the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)could reach 1.3 mM within 30 min,which is 6 times higher than that obtained on the pristine CBO/CuO photocathode.The theoretical calculations suggested that the introduction of Gd could adjust the electronic structure of CBO surface and promote 2e ORR pathway for selective production of H_(2)O_(2).Our work not only provides a new strategy for designing highly efficient photocathode for H_(2)O_(2)production but also will evoke more interest in photoelectrocatalytic ORR through inorganic semiconductor photocathode.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB 3708100)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,China(No.P2021-A-IV-002-001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52331005 and 52201100)the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,China(No.2024-Z02).
文摘The as-deposited coating-substrate microstructure has been identified to substantially influence the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)behavior of Ni-based single-crystal(SX)superalloys at 900℃,but the impact of degraded microstructure on the HCF behavior remains unclear.In this work,a PtAl-coated third-generation SX superalloy with sheet specimen was thermal-exposed at 1100℃ with different durations and then subjected to HCF tests at 900℃.The influence of microstructural degradation on the HCF life and crack initiation were clarified by analyzing the development of microcracks and coating-substrate microstructure.Notably,the HCF life of the thermal-exposed coated alloy increased abnormally,which was attributed to the transformation of the fatigue crack initiation site from surface mi-crocracks to internal micropores compared to the as-deposited coated alloy.Although the nucleation and growth of surface microcracks occurred along the grain boundaries in the coating and the interdiffusion zone(IDZ)for both the as-deposited and the thermal-exposed coated alloys,remarkable differences of the microcrack growth into the substrate adjacent to the IDZ were observed,changing the crack initiation site.Specifically,the surface microcracks grew into the substrate through the cracking of the non-protective oxide layers in the as-deposited coated alloy.In comparison,the hinderance of the surface microcracks growth was found in the thermal-exposed coated al-loy,due to the formation of a protective Al_(2)O_(3) layer within the microcrack and theγ′rafting in the substrate close to the IDZ.This study will aid in improving the HCF life prediction model for the coated SX superalloys.
基金financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.22375047,22378068,and 22075046)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01568)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3804905 and 2022YFB3804900)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743437)start-up funding from Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2019002).
文摘Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has been difficult to strike a balance between the robustness and flexibility of coatings constructed by a single cross-linked network design.To overcome the conundrum,this innovative approach effectively combines two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functions,thus overcoming the challenge.Through a tightly interwoven structure comprised of added crosslinking sites,the coating achieves improved liquid repellency(WCA>100°,OSA<10°),increased durability(withstands 2,000 cycles of cotton wear),enhanced flexibility(endures 5,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 1 mm),and maintains high transparency(over 98%in the range of 410 nm to 760 nm).Additionally,the coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates,enabling large-scale preparation and easy cycling coating,thus expanding its potential applications.The architecture of this fluoride-free dual cross-linked network not only advances liquid-repellent surfaces but also provides valuable insights for the development of eco-friendly materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375047,51972063,and 22075046)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804905,2022YFB3804900,and 2019YFE0111200)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar of Fujian Province(2020J06038)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J05098 and 2019J01256)111 Project(D17005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723497)。
文摘Inspired by the layered structure of dental enamel in the human body,a superhydrophobic coating with an elastic gradient was developed and placed on the inner wall of a gas transmission pipeline to reduce erosion and corrosion.The coating comprises a hard bionic superhydrophobic top coating and a hydrogel layer underneath for buffering and self-repair.To improve the impact resistance of the top coating,layered structures with different viscoelasticities were constructed by controlling the content of lauric acid(LA)@TiO_(2) particles and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The amylose hydrogel underlayer not only acts as a shock absorber but also restores potential damage in the top layer,bringing an additional benefit to the corrosion resistance of the coating.Thanks to these three cooperative approaches,the coating exhibits excellent mechanical durability(800 cycles with 600-mesh sandpaper under a 49 kPa load)and corrosion resistance(with a corrosion potential of-0.21 V).Moreover,it maintains its superhydrophobicity after sanding,bending,soaking,and scratching,demonstrating its potential for application to protect transmission pipelines from erosion and corrosion.
基金supported by the“National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0701403)”the“National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51631008 and 91860201)”+1 种基金the“111 Project(No.B170003)”financial support to the reported work.Stoichko Antonov would like to acknowledge financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘Aero-engine turbine blades may suffer overheating during service,which can result in severe microstructural and mechanical degradation within tens of seconds.In this study,the thermal cycling creep under(950℃/15 min+1100℃/1 min)-100 MPa was performed on a directionally solidified superalloy,DZ125.The effects of overheating and thermal cycling on the creep properties were evaluated in terms of creep behavior and microstructural evolution against isothermally crept specimens under 950℃/100 MPa,950℃/270 MPa,and 1100℃/100 MPa.The results indicated that the thermal cycling creep life was reduced dramatically compared to the isothermal creep under 950℃/100 MPa.The plastic creep deformation mainly occurred during the overheating stage during the thermal cycling creep.The thermal cycling creep curve exhibited three stages,similar to the 1100℃isothermal creep,but its minimum creep rate occurred at a lower creep strain.The overheating events caused severe microstructural degradation,such as substantial dissolution ofγ'phase,earlier formation of raftedγ'microstructure,widening of theγchannels,and instability of the interfacial dislocation networks.This microstructural degradation was the main reason for the dramatic decrease in thermal cycling creep life,as the thermal cycling promoted more dislocations to cut intoγ'phase and more cracks to initiate at grain boundaries,carbides,and residual eutectic pools.This study underlines the importance of evaluating the thermal cycling creep properties of superalloys to be used as turbine blades and provides insights into the effect of thermal cycling on directionally solidified superalloys for component design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82160603 , 81560524 , 81360421)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No. 2018GXNSFAA050076)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (No. YCSW2020123)。
文摘Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage. Results of 16S r RNA gene sequencing showed that IAA could alter the diversity, relative abundance and function of gut microbiota in female and male rats. IAA also increased the abundance of genes related to steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of male rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed that IAA could significantly disturb 6 and 13 metabolites in the feces of female and male rats, respectively. In female rats, the level of androstanediol increased in the IAA treatment group. These results were consistent with our previous findings, where IAA was identified as an androgen disruptor. Additionally, the perturbed gut microbiota and altered metabolites were correlated with each other. The results of this study indicated that IAA could disturb gut microbiota and its metabolism. These changes in gut microbiota and its metabolism were associated with the reproductive and developmental toxicity of IAA.
基金This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2001AA332020).
文摘The carbides/nitrides precipitates in ferrite grains, on grain boundaries and dislocations were investigated on a hot-rolled C-Mn strip （0.16wt%C-1.22wt%Mn-0.022wt%Ti） produced by the CSP （compact strip production） technology using TEM and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The Pickering＇s equation for the contribution of precipitates to the yield stress was also discussed. It is shown that there are numerous fine and dispersive precipitates TiC in the ferrite grains, on the grain boundaries and dislocations. Also there are a small amount of coarser Ti（C, N） particles and TiC particles associated with MnS. Precipitation strengthening on steels produced by the CSP technology is significant.
文摘Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown and were the subject of recent epidemiological studies. However,most bioanalytical methods focus on a select few DBPs. In this study, a new comprehensive bioanalytical method has been developed that can quantify mixtures of organic halogenated compounds, including DBPs, in human urine as total organic chlorine（TOCl）, total organic bromine（TOBr）, and total organic iodine（TOI）. The optimized method consists of urine dilution, adsorption to activated carbon, pyrolysis of activated carbon, absorption of gases in an aqueous solution, and halide analysis with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spike recoveries for TOCl, TOBr, and TOI measurements ranged between 78% and 99%. Average TOCl, TOBr, and TOI concentrations in five urine samples from volunteers who consumed tap water were 1850, 82, and 21.0 μg/L as X^-, respectively.Volunteers who consumed spring water（control） had TOCl, TOBr, and TOI average concentrations in urine of 1090, 88, and 10.3 μg/L as X^-, respectively. TOCl and TOI in the urine samples from tap water consumers were higher than the control. However, TOBr was slightly lower in tap water urine samples compared to mineral water urine samples, indicating other sources of environmental exposure other than drinking water. A larger sample population that consumes tap water from different cities and mineral water is needed to determine TOCl, TOBr, and TOI exposure from drinking water.
基金support from Syracuse University under the Collaboration for Unprecedented Success and Excellence(CUSE)Grant(SD-10-2020)ACS Petroleum Research Fund under Award Number 59861-DNI5NSF CAREER under Award Number CHE-1944978。
文摘Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit impressive optical and electronic properties,making them an important class of functional materials with promising applications in solar cells,light emitting diodes(LEDs),photodetectors,and photocatalysts.In addition to the widely studied 0-dimensional(0 D)metal halide perovskite NCs,such as nanocubes,low dimensional perovskites,such as 2 D all-inorganic perovskite(AIP)NCs,subsist with directionally relevant quantum confinement.These anisotropic NCs have the propensity to exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties that are exceedingly difficult to introduce into 0 D systems,yet as of late are largely unexplored.In this review,we discuss the recent synthetic progress of 2 D all-inorganic metal halide perovskite NCs with ABX3 structure.Specifically,we highlight the discrete composition control of the cations(A and B sites)and anions(X site)by dopant incorporation and alloying in 2 D metal halide perovskite NCs.We will also discuss more complex perovskite crystal structures,such as Ruddlesden-Popper double perovskites,and compare these materials to 0 D perovskite systems.Ultimately,our work culminates in the future interests and perspectives of this field with a focus on the wide applicability of 2 D systems and the large variance in structure capable with discrete compositional tuning.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61302078 and 61372108)National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) (Grant Nos. 2011AA01A102)+1 种基金National S&T Major Project (Grant Nos. 2011ZX 03005-004-02)Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (Grant Nos. YETP0476)
文摘The recent evolution of the Internet towards "Information-centric" transfer modes has renewed the interest in exploiting proxies to enhance seamless mobility. In this work, we focus on the case of multiple levels of proxies in ICN architectures, in which content requests from mobile subscribers and the corresponding items are proactively cached to these proxies at different levels. Specifically, we present a multiple-level proactive caching model that selects the appropriate subset of proxies at different levels and supports distributed online decision procedures in terms of the tradeoff between delay and cache cost. We show via extensive simulations the reduction of up to 31.63% in the total cost relative to Full Caching, in which caching in all 1-level neighbor proxies is performed, and up to 84.21% relative to No Caching, in which no caching is used. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms other approaches with a flat cache structure in terms of the total cost.
基金The research work presented in this paper is financially supported by a grant(NJZZ18139)from the scientific research project of Universities in Inner Mongoliaa grant(2018BS05003)from the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongoliaa grant(2017QDL-B07)from Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project.
文摘To improve energy density,the transportation,storage,and operations of hydrogen,methane,and compressed air vehicles currently require high-pressure compression.High-pressure solenoid valve becomes the vital element to above system.In order to reduce leakage and aerodynamic force influence,a new type high-pressure solenoid valve was proposed.The simulation model which included electromagnetic model,aerodynamic force model was established by means of the nonlinear mathematic models.Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation,the dynamic response characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic solenoid valve were obtained under different pulse width modulation(PWM)input control signals.Results show that,first of all,the new type of high-pressure solenoid valve can meet the switch requirement.Secondly,the opening movement and closing movement of the spool lags the PWM rising signal,and the coil current fluctuates significantly during the movement of the spool.Lastly,on/off status of high-pressure valve cannot be represented by the duty cycle.This research can be referred in the design of the high-pressure solenoid valve..
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301403)National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(82225028 and 82172287)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J01638).
文摘Cas12h1 is a compact CRISPR-associated nuclease from functionally diverse type V CRISPR-Cas effectors and recognizes a purine-rich protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)distinct from that of other type V Cas effectors.Here,we report the nickase preference of Cas12h1,which predominantly cleaves the nontarget strand(NTS)of a double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)substrate.In addition,Cas12h1 acts as a nickase in human cells.We further determined the cryo-EM structures of Cas12h1 in the surveillance,R-loop formation,and interference states,revealing the molecular mechanisms involved in the crRNA maturation,target recognition,R-loop formation,nuclease activation and target degradation.Cas12h1 notably recognizes a broad 5’-DHR-3’PAM(D is A,G,or T;H is A,C,or T;R is A or G)both in vitro and in human cells.In addition,Cas12h1 utilizes a distinct activation mechanism that the lid motif undergoes a“flexible to stable”transition to expose the catalytic site to the substrate.A high-fidelity nucleic acid detector,Cas12h1hf,was developed through rational engineering,which distinguishes single-base mismatches and retains comparable on-target activities.Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas12h1 nickase,improve the understanding of type V Cas effectors,and expand the CRISPR toolbox for genome editing and molecular diagnosis.
基金financially supported by the Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20155)the Lingyan Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C01106)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices(012024004)the ZJU DPSE-NEWMED DPSE-NEWMED Biomedical Polymers and Devices Research&Development Lab,and the 111 Project(B16042).
文摘During interventional surgeries of implantable cardiovascular devices in addressing cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the inevitable tissue damage will trigger host inflammation and vascular lumen injury,leading to delayed re-endothelization and intimal hyperplasia.Endowing cardiovascular implants with anti-inflammatory and endothelialization functions is conducive to the target site,offering significant tissue repair and regeneration benefits.Herein,inspired by the snake’s molting process,a ShedWise device was developed by using the poly(propylene fumarate)polyurethane(PPFU)as the foundational material,which was clicked with hyperbranched polylysine(HBPL)and followed by conjugation with pro-endothelial functional Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide(REDV),and finally coated with a“self-sacrificing”layer having reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging ability and degradability.During the acute inflammation in the initial stage of implantation,the ROS-responsive hyperbranched poly acrylate-capped thioketone-containing ethylene glycol(HBPAK)coating effectively modulated the level of environmental inflammation and resisted initial protein adsorption,showcasing robust tissue protection.As the coating gradually“sacrificed”,the exposed hyperbranched HBPL-REDV layer recruited specifically endothelial cells and promoted surface endothelialization.In a rat vascular injury model,the ShedWise demonstrated remarkable efficiency in reducing vascular restenosis,protecting the injured tissue,and fostering re-endothelization of the target site.This innovative design will introduce a novel strategy for surface engineering of cardiovascular implants and other medical devices.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51372173, 21673160, and 51420105002）, Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang for Distinguished Young Scholars （No. LR16B010002）, Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure （No. SKL201409SIC）, and startup funds of Syracuse University.
文摘Nanomaterial shapes can have profound effects on material properties, and therefore offer an efficient way to improve the performances of designed materials and devices. The rational fabrication of multidimensional architectures such as one dimensional （1D）-two dimensional （2D） hybrid nanomaterials can integrate the merits of individual components and provide enhanced functionality. However, it is still very challenging to fabricate 1D/2D architectures because of the different growth mechanisms of the nanostructures. Here, we present a new solvent- mediated, surface reaction-driven growth route for synthesis of CdS nanowire （NW）/CdIn2S4 nanosheet （NS） 1D/2D architectures. The as-obtained CdS NW/ CdIn2S4 NS structures exhibit much higher visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activities for water splitting than the individual components. The CdS NW/CdIn2S4 NS heterostructure was further fabricated into photoelectrodes, which achieved a considerable photocurrent density of 2.85 mA·cm^-2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE） without use of any co-catalysts. This represents one of the best results from a CdS-based photoelectrochemical （PEC） cell. Both the multidimensional nature and type II band alignment of the 1D/2D CdS/CdIn2S4 heterostructure contribute to the enhanced photocatalyfic and photoelectrochemical activity. The present work not only provides a new strategy for designing multidimensional 1D/2D heterostructures, but also documents the development of highly efficient energy conversion catalysts.
基金W.Z.acknowledges the support from the start-up grant of Syracuse University,ACS-PRF(No.59861-DNI5)NSF CHE MSN(No.05539CON04700).
文摘Transition-metal ions doped nanocrystals(NCs),specifically Mn-doped NCs,hold great potential in the field of photocatalysis,especially,to improve photocatalytic performance for singlet oxygen(1O2)generation.Here,we report the design of a novel Mn-doped NC-based nanocomposites,specifically,silica-coated Mn-doped CdS/ZnS NCs decorated with Pt NCs(denoted as Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt),which enhance photocatalytic 1O2 generation.Owing to the long-lived Mn excited state(on the order of ms),the energy-transfer between Mn-NCs and molecular oxygen is facilitated with the assistance of the Pt NCs adhered to the Mn-NC@SiO2 surface.Therefore,the Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt composites,integrate the advantages of Mn-doped NCs,a protective silica layer,and Pt NCs to exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the selective oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes through an 1O2 engaged oxidation process under visible-light irradiation.This work paves the way for enhancing catalytic performance via facilitated energy transfer relaxation by utilizing the long-lived excited-state of Mn2+dopant ions in nanocomposites.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(31822057)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0900503)。
文摘Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822057)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0900503)。
文摘Inflammation is a self-protection mechanism that can be triggered when innate immune cells detect infection.Eradication of pathogen infection requires appropriate immune and inflammatory responses,but excessive inflammatory responses can cause uncontrolled inflammation,autoimmune diseases,or pathogen dissemination.Mounting evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)in mammals act as important and versatile regulators of innate immunity and inflammation.However,miRNAmediated regulation networks are largely unknown in inflammatory responses in lower vertebrates.Here,miR-144 and miR-217 are identified as negative regulators in teleost inflammatory responses.We find that Vibrio harveyi and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)treatment significantly upregulate the expression of fish miR-144 and miR-217.Upregulated miR-144 and miR-217 suppress LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by targeting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1(NOD1),thereby avoiding excessive inflammatory responses.In addition,miR-144 and miR-217 regulate inflammatory responses through NOD1-induced nuclear factor kappa(NF-κB)signaling pathways.These findings demonstrate that miR-144 and miR-217 play regulatory roles in inflammatory responses by modulating the NOD1-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31901010 and 81803916,China)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant No.BK20180128,China)+3 种基金The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine,China)Jiangsu Specially Appointed ProfessorshipJiangsu Key Discipline Construction Fund of the 14th Five-Year Plan (Biology,China)The Graduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX21_1743,KYCX22_1992,China)。
文摘Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)represent a significant component of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)microenvironments which play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance.Tumor-ona-chip technology has provided a powerful in vitro platform to investigate the crosstalk between activated HSCs and HCC cells by mimicking physiological architecture with precise spatiotemporal control.Here we developed a tri-cell culture microfluidic chip to evaluate the impact of HSCs on HCC progression.Onchip analysis revealed activated HSCs contributed to endothelial invasion,HCC drug resistance and natural killer(NK)cell exhaustion.Cytokine array and RNA sequencing analysis were combined to indicate the iron-binding protein LIPOCALIN-2(LCN-2)as a key factor in remodeling tumor microenvironments in the HCC-on-a-chip.LCN-2 targeted therapy demonstrated robust anti-tumor effects both in vitro 3D biomimetic chip and in vivo mouse model,including angiogenesis inhibition,sorafenib sensitivity promotion and NK-cell cytotoxicity enhancement.Taken together,the microfluidic platform exhibited obvious advantages in mimicking functional characteristics of tumor microenvironments and developing targeted therapies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFD0900503)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31802325,31822057)。
文摘Noncoding RNA(ncRNA)is an important regulatory factor that plays a major role in innate immunity.However,most studies on ncRNA have focused on mammals,resulting in a knowledge gap on nc RNA in lower vertebrates such as teleost fish.In this study,we identified a new long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),termed TAK1-related lnc RNA(TARL),which can play a positive role in the antibacterial immunity of Miichthys miiuy to Vibrio anguillarum and V.harveyi.We also found a novel micro RNA miR-2188-3p that could target TAK1 and inhibit the host antibacterial response and promote bacterial escape.We further found that the antibacterial effect inhibited by miR-2188-3p could be reversed with TARL.Moreover,V.anguillarum and V.harveyi are the two most susceptible Gram-negative pathogens of aquaculture fish,and the economic losses caused by these two bacteria are immeasurable every year.This study is the first to report on the ability of lnc RNA to prevent the escape of V.anguillarum and V.harveyi in fish through the competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)mechanism.Our results not only elucidate the ce RNA mechanism of the lncRNA in antibacterial immune responses but also provide new insights into the impact of lnc RNA on host immunity and bacterial escape.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673160 and 12075154)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.LR16B010002)startup funds of Shaoxing University.
文摘Photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)toward H_(2)O_(2)is highly desirable because only sunlight,O_(2)and water are required in the process.However,the corresponding studies are still at its infancy because of the lack of suitable photocathodes,especially inorganic semiconductor photocathodes.In this work,we report CuBi_(2)O_(4)/CuO(CBO/CuO)heterojunction submicrocrystalline film photocathodes with efficient ORR activity for H_(2)O_(2)production.The heterojunction film photocathodes were prepared through thermal evaporation of Cu and Bi metals under vacuum and subsequent annealing treatment.Furthermore,the doping of Gd^(3+)ions into CBO/CuO could significantly enhance the yield of H_(2)O_(2).As a result,the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)could reach 1.3 mM within 30 min,which is 6 times higher than that obtained on the pristine CBO/CuO photocathode.The theoretical calculations suggested that the introduction of Gd could adjust the electronic structure of CBO surface and promote 2e ORR pathway for selective production of H_(2)O_(2).Our work not only provides a new strategy for designing highly efficient photocathode for H_(2)O_(2)production but also will evoke more interest in photoelectrocatalytic ORR through inorganic semiconductor photocathode.
