A combined zero valent iron （ZVI） and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）- containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and ...A combined zero valent iron （ZVI） and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）- containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated, After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene （DACB）. The ratio of BODs/COD increased from 0.005±0.001 to 0.168±0.007, while EC50,48hr （V/V） increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC50＇ 48 hr increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5±10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.展开更多
Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal were successfully achieved in a sequencing batch reactor（SBR） based on aerobic granules. In a typical SBR cycle, nitritation occurred obviously after the maj...Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal were successfully achieved in a sequencing batch reactor（SBR） based on aerobic granules. In a typical SBR cycle, nitritation occurred obviously after the majority of pyridine was removed, while denitrification occurred at early stage of the cycle when oxygen consumption was aggravated. The effect of several key operation parameters, i.e., air flow rate, influent NH4~＋-N concentration,influent p H and pyridine concentration, on nitritation, pyridine degradation and total nitrogen（TN） removal, was systematically investigated. The results indicated that high air flow rate had a positive effect on both pyridine degradation and nitritation but a negative impact of overhigh air flow rate. With the increase of NH4~＋ dosage, both nitritation and TN removal could be severely inhibited. Slightly alkaline condition, i.e., pH 7.0–8.0, was beneficial for both pyridine degradation and nitritation. High pyridine dosage often resulted in the delay of both pyridine degradation and nitritation. Besides, extracellular polymeric substances production was affected by air flow rate, NH4~＋ dosage, pyridine dosage and p H.In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Bdellovibrio and Paracoccus were the dominant species in the aerobic granulation system. Coexistence of pyridine degrader, nitrification related species, denitrification related species, polymeric substances producer and self-aggregation related species was also confirmed by highthroughput sequencing.展开更多
Alkaline residue （AR） was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline...Alkaline residue （AR） was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH （AR-NaOH）, removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCI （AR-HC1）. The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HC1, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner： AR-NaOH 〉 AR 〉 AR-HC1. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCI, the acid equilibrium pH （〈 6.0） was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and AR- NaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH （〉 8.0） after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPOa.2H20 formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.展开更多
Objective:To establish non-inferiority of gonadotropin-releasing hormone degarelix compared with goserelin in suppressing and maintaining castrate testosterone levels from Day 28 to Day 364 in Chinese patients with pr...Objective:To establish non-inferiority of gonadotropin-releasing hormone degarelix compared with goserelin in suppressing and maintaining castrate testosterone levels from Day 28 to Day 364 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:This is an open-label,multi-centre study in which men aged18 years were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to once-a-month subcutaneous injection of either degarelix(240/80 mg)or goserelin(3.6 mg)for 12 months.The primary endpoint was difference in 1-year cumulative probability of suppressing testosterone to ≤0.5 ng/mL.Non-inferiority was to be established if the lower 95% confidence interval(CI)limit for difference in cumulative probability between the treatment arms was greater than -10%.Secondary endpoints included cumulative probability of prostate-specific-antigen-progression-free-survival(PSA-PFS).Safety was also assessed.Results:Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar between degarelix(n=142)and goserelin(n=141)treatment arms.The difference in cumulative probability of maintaining castrate levels from Day 28-364 was 3.6%(95%CI:-1.5%,8.7%),demonstrating non-inferiority of degarelix.The cumulative probability of PSA-PFS at Day 364 was higher for degarelix(82.3%,95%CI:74.7%,87.7%)versus goserelin(71.7%,95%CI:63.2%,78.5%,p=0.038).Adverse events(AEs)were similar between treatment arms,except for more injection site reactions with degarelix versus goserelin.Four(2.8%)and nine(6.4%)patients discontinued due to AEs in degarelix and goserelin groups,respectively.展开更多
The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge...The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles （NiFe204） is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800℃, magnetic NiFe204 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and Raman spectros- copy. The synthesized NiFe204 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H202 or NiFe204 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ±0.1% and 13.5% ± 0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe204 and H202, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe204 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between --NiH and --Fem ions in the NiFe204 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.展开更多
Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and sa...Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:We conducted a randomized controlled,open-label,non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China.This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections.The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85.Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of-10%.Secondary endpoints included significant castration(≤20 ng/dL),testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing,and changes in luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,and prostate specific antigen levels.Results:On day 29,in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups,testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3%(142/143)and 100%(140/140)of patients,respectively,with a difference of-0.7%(95%confidence interval[CI],-3.9%to 2.0%)between the two groups.The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3%and 97.8%,respectively,with a between-group difference of 1.5%(95%CI,-1.3%to 4.4%).Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority.Secondary endpoints were similar between groups.Both treatments were well-tolerated.LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant(0%vs.1.4%[2/145]).Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels,with a similar safety profile.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04563936.展开更多
Background:Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression is related to anti-HER2 therapy in many tumors.RC48-antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)has shown promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive local...Background:Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression is related to anti-HER2 therapy in many tumors.RC48-antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)has shown promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma(UC).The characteristic expression and scoring systems of HER2 are nonexistent in UC.We aimed to explore HER2 status and its correlation with the efficacy of HER2-targeting ADC therapy in UC.Methods:A total of 137 and 43 patients were enrolled in cohort 1 and cohort 2,respectively,from March 2009 to December 2018.The patients in cohort 2 were enrolled in a phase II study of RC48-ADC.UC samples were tested for HER2 status using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).The 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 scoring system was adopted and modified to score HER2 expression in UC.Results:The HER2-positive(IHC 2+or 3+)rate was 24.1%(33/137).In HER2 IHC 2+or 3+patients,the HER2 gene amplification rate was 31%(13/42).The objective response rates(ORRs)in RC48-ADC-treated patients with IHC 3+,IHC 2+and FISH+,IHC 2+and FISH-were 58.8%,66.7%and 40%,respectively.The ORR showed a trend toward a better benefit for RC48-ADC therapy in patients with HER2 amplification than in those without amplification(61.5%vs.44.8%,P=0.059).The heterogeneity of HER2 expression in the primary tumor was 55.5%(15/27),and the ORR was not significantly different between patients with tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity.Conclusions:IHC testing should be performed to assess the HER2 status before the initiation of HER2-ADC therapy.There was a trend toward a better benefit for patients with HER2 amplification,and tumor heterogeneity did not influence the drug efficacy.展开更多
基金financed by the Innovation Program of Foundation Productthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50978136, 51208258)+4 种基金the Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Management Technology of China (No.2012ZX07101-003-001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2011717)the China Post doctoral Science Foundation(No.2011M500927)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No.1101014C)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (No.NUST2011ZDJH20, NUST2011PYXM05)
文摘A combined zero valent iron （ZVI） and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）- containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated, After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene （DACB）. The ratio of BODs/COD increased from 0.005±0.001 to 0.168±0.007, while EC50,48hr （V/V） increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC50＇ 48 hr increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5±10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. BK20170038)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20151485)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51478225 and 51778294)
文摘Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal were successfully achieved in a sequencing batch reactor（SBR） based on aerobic granules. In a typical SBR cycle, nitritation occurred obviously after the majority of pyridine was removed, while denitrification occurred at early stage of the cycle when oxygen consumption was aggravated. The effect of several key operation parameters, i.e., air flow rate, influent NH4~＋-N concentration,influent p H and pyridine concentration, on nitritation, pyridine degradation and total nitrogen（TN） removal, was systematically investigated. The results indicated that high air flow rate had a positive effect on both pyridine degradation and nitritation but a negative impact of overhigh air flow rate. With the increase of NH4~＋ dosage, both nitritation and TN removal could be severely inhibited. Slightly alkaline condition, i.e., pH 7.0–8.0, was beneficial for both pyridine degradation and nitritation. High pyridine dosage often resulted in the delay of both pyridine degradation and nitritation. Besides, extracellular polymeric substances production was affected by air flow rate, NH4~＋ dosage, pyridine dosage and p H.In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Bdellovibrio and Paracoccus were the dominant species in the aerobic granulation system. Coexistence of pyridine degrader, nitrification related species, denitrification related species, polymeric substances producer and self-aggregation related species was also confirmed by highthroughput sequencing.
基金supported by the Technological Support Plan Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BE2011834)
文摘Alkaline residue （AR） was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH （AR-NaOH）, removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCI （AR-HC1）. The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HC1, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner： AR-NaOH 〉 AR 〉 AR-HC1. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCI, the acid equilibrium pH （〈 6.0） was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and AR- NaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH （〉 8.0） after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPOa.2H20 formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.
文摘Objective:To establish non-inferiority of gonadotropin-releasing hormone degarelix compared with goserelin in suppressing and maintaining castrate testosterone levels from Day 28 to Day 364 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:This is an open-label,multi-centre study in which men aged18 years were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to once-a-month subcutaneous injection of either degarelix(240/80 mg)or goserelin(3.6 mg)for 12 months.The primary endpoint was difference in 1-year cumulative probability of suppressing testosterone to ≤0.5 ng/mL.Non-inferiority was to be established if the lower 95% confidence interval(CI)limit for difference in cumulative probability between the treatment arms was greater than -10%.Secondary endpoints included cumulative probability of prostate-specific-antigen-progression-free-survival(PSA-PFS).Safety was also assessed.Results:Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar between degarelix(n=142)and goserelin(n=141)treatment arms.The difference in cumulative probability of maintaining castrate levels from Day 28-364 was 3.6%(95%CI:-1.5%,8.7%),demonstrating non-inferiority of degarelix.The cumulative probability of PSA-PFS at Day 364 was higher for degarelix(82.3%,95%CI:74.7%,87.7%)versus goserelin(71.7%,95%CI:63.2%,78.5%,p=0.038).Adverse events(AEs)were similar between treatment arms,except for more injection site reactions with degarelix versus goserelin.Four(2.8%)and nine(6.4%)patients discontinued due to AEs in degarelix and goserelin groups,respectively.
基金supported by the Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Management Technology of China(No.2012ZX07101-003-001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30916011312)
文摘The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles （NiFe204） is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800℃, magnetic NiFe204 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and Raman spectros- copy. The synthesized NiFe204 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H202 or NiFe204 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ±0.1% and 13.5% ± 0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe204 and H202, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe204 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between --NiH and --Fem ions in the NiFe204 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.
文摘Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:We conducted a randomized controlled,open-label,non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China.This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections.The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85.Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of-10%.Secondary endpoints included significant castration(≤20 ng/dL),testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing,and changes in luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,and prostate specific antigen levels.Results:On day 29,in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups,testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3%(142/143)and 100%(140/140)of patients,respectively,with a difference of-0.7%(95%confidence interval[CI],-3.9%to 2.0%)between the two groups.The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3%and 97.8%,respectively,with a between-group difference of 1.5%(95%CI,-1.3%to 4.4%).Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority.Secondary endpoints were similar between groups.Both treatments were well-tolerated.LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant(0%vs.1.4%[2/145]).Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels,with a similar safety profile.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04563936.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Plan(grant number:2022YFC2409902).
文摘Background:Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression is related to anti-HER2 therapy in many tumors.RC48-antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)has shown promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma(UC).The characteristic expression and scoring systems of HER2 are nonexistent in UC.We aimed to explore HER2 status and its correlation with the efficacy of HER2-targeting ADC therapy in UC.Methods:A total of 137 and 43 patients were enrolled in cohort 1 and cohort 2,respectively,from March 2009 to December 2018.The patients in cohort 2 were enrolled in a phase II study of RC48-ADC.UC samples were tested for HER2 status using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).The 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 scoring system was adopted and modified to score HER2 expression in UC.Results:The HER2-positive(IHC 2+or 3+)rate was 24.1%(33/137).In HER2 IHC 2+or 3+patients,the HER2 gene amplification rate was 31%(13/42).The objective response rates(ORRs)in RC48-ADC-treated patients with IHC 3+,IHC 2+and FISH+,IHC 2+and FISH-were 58.8%,66.7%and 40%,respectively.The ORR showed a trend toward a better benefit for RC48-ADC therapy in patients with HER2 amplification than in those without amplification(61.5%vs.44.8%,P=0.059).The heterogeneity of HER2 expression in the primary tumor was 55.5%(15/27),and the ORR was not significantly different between patients with tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity.Conclusions:IHC testing should be performed to assess the HER2 status before the initiation of HER2-ADC therapy.There was a trend toward a better benefit for patients with HER2 amplification,and tumor heterogeneity did not influence the drug efficacy.
