Nanofluidic memristors,which use ions in electrolyte solutions as carriers,have been developed rapidly and brought new opportunities for the development of neuromorphic devices.Utilizing the transport and accumulation...Nanofluidic memristors,which use ions in electrolyte solutions as carriers,have been developed rapidly and brought new opportunities for the development of neuromorphic devices.Utilizing the transport and accumulation of ions in nanochannels to process information is an endeavor to realize the nanofluidic memristor.In this study,we report a new nanofluidic memristor,which is a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-glass chip with two platinum(Pt)electrodes and well-aligned multi-nanochannels within PDMS for ion enrichment and depletion.The device not only exhibits typical bipolar memristive behavior and ion current rectification(ICR)but also demonstrates excellent endurance,maintaining stable performance after 100 sweep cycles.We systematically investigate the key factors affecting ion transport behavior in this memristor.The results show that the ICR ratio of the current-voltage(I-V)hysteresis curves decreases with increasing scan rate and solution concentration.Zeta potential measurements are introduced to reveal that the PDMS surface carries more negative charges in higher pH solutions,resulting in more pronounced memristive and ICR effects.Furthermore,our memristor can simulate short-term synaptic plasticity,such as paired-pulse facilitation(PPF)and paired-pulse depression(PPD),with a relatively low energy consumption of 12 pJ per spike per channel.Potentially,the inherent accessibility and robustness of our nanofluidic memristors facilitate the optimization of device structure and performance.These important observations and investigations lay a foundation for advancing energy-saving and efficient neuromorphic computing.展开更多
While existing early-warning systems struggle to achieve cross-species cyanobacterial risk prediction with the required synchronicity and accuracy in aquatic ecosystems,our study pioneers a genome architecture-driven ...While existing early-warning systems struggle to achieve cross-species cyanobacterial risk prediction with the required synchronicity and accuracy in aquatic ecosystems,our study pioneers a genome architecture-driven monitoring paradigm through decoding 317 cyanobacterial metagenomeassembled genomes from the world's largest phosphorus-limiting water transfer system,the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Canal(MR-SNWDC).We found an evolutionary blueprint where genome minimization(<3 Mbp)confers ecological dominance under phosphorus scarcity.These streamlined genomes showed predominance and remarkable seasonal dynamics and demonstrated metabolic specialization in phospho rus turnover,light harvesting,and carbon fixation compared to larger genomes.Importantly,we identified a 3 Mbp genomic threshold distinguishing low-risk cyanobacterial consortia from their toxin-producing counterparts.This genome-proxy system enables preemptive risk mitigation by predicting toxic transitions through genome size tracking,fundamentally advancing algal management from reactive monitoring to proactive regulation in water transfer networks.展开更多
Antibiotics have received extensive attention due to their sophisticated effects on human health and ecosystems.However,there is an extreme scarcity of information on composition,content,geographic distribution,and ri...Antibiotics have received extensive attention due to their sophisticated effects on human health and ecosystems.However,there is an extreme scarcity of information on composition,content,geographic distribution,and risk of riverine antibiotics at a large spatial scale.Based on a systematic review of over 600 pieces of literature(1999-2021),we established a global dataset containing more than 90,000 records covering 169 antibiotics and their metabolites in surface water and sediment across 76 countries.The occurrence of prioritized antibiotics largely depended on socioeconomic developmental levels,and the current“hotspots”of polluted rivers were found mostly in less developed countries or emerging economies(e.g.,some in Africa,South America,and Asia).By developing the screening protocol for risk-based prioritization of antibiotics,we advanced a rank list of antibiotics for guiding formulation of region-specific strategies,which highlighted the importance of whole life cycle management of antibiotics in health maintenance of the world’s rivers.展开更多
Exposure to trace-level heavy metals and antibiotics may elicit metabolic disorder,alter protein expression,and then induce pathological changes in zebrafish embryos,despite negligible physiological and developmental ...Exposure to trace-level heavy metals and antibiotics may elicit metabolic disorder,alter protein expression,and then induce pathological changes in zebrafish embryos,despite negligible physiological and developmental toxicity.This study investigated the single and combined developmental toxicity of fluoroquinolones(enrofloxacin[ENR]and ciprofloxacin[CIP])(0.5 mM)and heavy metals(Cu and Cd)(0.5 mM)to zebrafish embryos,and molecular responses of zebrafish larvae upon exposure to the single pollutant(0.2 mM)or a binary metal-fluoroquinolone mixture(0.2 mM).In all single and mixture exposure groups,no developmental toxicity was observed,but oxidative stress,inflammation,and lipid depletion were found in zebrafish embryos,which was more severe in the mixture exposure groups than in the single exposure groups,probably due to increased metal bioaccumulation in the presence of ENR or CIP.Metabolomics analysis revealed the up-regulation of amino acids and down-regulation of fatty acids,corresponding to an active response to oxidative stress and the occurrence of inflammation.The up-regulation of antioxidase and immune proteins revealed by proteomics analysis further confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress and inflammation.Furthermore,the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed a significant disturbance of pathways related to immunity and tumor,indicating the potential risk of tumorigenesis in zebrafish larvae.The findings provide molecular-level insights into the adverse effects of heavy metals and antibiotics(especially in chemical mixtures)on zebrafish embryos,and highlight the potential ecotoxicological risks of trace-level heavy metals and antibiotics in the environment.展开更多
Photosynthetic carbon fixation by cyanobacteria plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle but is threatened by environmental pollutants.To date,the impact of quinones,with electron shuttling properties,on cyanob...Photosynthetic carbon fixation by cyanobacteria plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle but is threatened by environmental pollutants.To date,the impact of quinones,with electron shuttling properties,on cyanobacterial photosynthesis is unknown.Here,we present the first study investigating the effects of an emerging quinone pollutant,i.e.,6PPD-Q(N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N0-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone),on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.over a 400-generation exposure period.Synechocystis sp.exhibited distinct sequential phases,including hormesis,toxicity,and eventual recovery,throughout this exposure.Extensive evidence,including results of thylakoid membrane morphological and photosynthetic responses,carbon fixation rate,and key gene/protein analyses,strongly indicates that 6PPD-Q is a potent disruptor of photosynthesis.6PPD-Q accepts photosynthetic electrons at the plastoquinone QB site in photosystem II(PSII)and the phylloquinone A1 site in PSI,leading to a sustained decrease in the carbon fixation of cyanobacteria after an ephemeral increase.This work revealed the specific mechanism by which 6PPD-Q interferes with photosynthetic carbon fixation in cyanobacteria,which is highly important for the global carbon cycle.展开更多
Micro(nano)plastics(MNPs)are a growing problem as persistent environmental pollutants.Here,we investigated the impact of MNPs on microorganisms in aquatic microbial floc exposed to NPs(80 nm)and MPs(8μm)for 35 days.W...Micro(nano)plastics(MNPs)are a growing problem as persistent environmental pollutants.Here,we investigated the impact of MNPs on microorganisms in aquatic microbial floc exposed to NPs(80 nm)and MPs(8μm)for 35 days.Water quality indicators were tested weekly and microbiological analyses were conducted on Day 7 and 28 after exposure.The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of total ammonia nitrogen or nitrite between the MNPs groups and the control group,spanning from Day 7 to Day 28.For the microbial response,microbial community richness in the NPs and MPs groups were significantly increased at Day 7.Functional prediction showed that the relative abundances of bacteria associated with the“Forms Biofilms”,“Potentially Pathogenic”,“Plastic Degradation”and nitrogen cycle processes were significantly different after MNPs exposure.The results suggest that MNPs had no significant effect on the microbial diversity of mature microbial flocs.Findings suggest MPs could cause an increase in the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria,while NPs do not.In addition,stress associated with MNPs affected the nitrogen cycle of microorganisms,and NPs exerted greater impacts than MPs.Findings from this study further our understanding of the impact of MNPs at environmentally relevant concentrations on microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30923010603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62074079).
文摘Nanofluidic memristors,which use ions in electrolyte solutions as carriers,have been developed rapidly and brought new opportunities for the development of neuromorphic devices.Utilizing the transport and accumulation of ions in nanochannels to process information is an endeavor to realize the nanofluidic memristor.In this study,we report a new nanofluidic memristor,which is a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-glass chip with two platinum(Pt)electrodes and well-aligned multi-nanochannels within PDMS for ion enrichment and depletion.The device not only exhibits typical bipolar memristive behavior and ion current rectification(ICR)but also demonstrates excellent endurance,maintaining stable performance after 100 sweep cycles.We systematically investigate the key factors affecting ion transport behavior in this memristor.The results show that the ICR ratio of the current-voltage(I-V)hysteresis curves decreases with increasing scan rate and solution concentration.Zeta potential measurements are introduced to reveal that the PDMS surface carries more negative charges in higher pH solutions,resulting in more pronounced memristive and ICR effects.Furthermore,our memristor can simulate short-term synaptic plasticity,such as paired-pulse facilitation(PPF)and paired-pulse depression(PPD),with a relatively low energy consumption of 12 pJ per spike per channel.Potentially,the inherent accessibility and robustness of our nanofluidic memristors facilitate the optimization of device structure and performance.These important observations and investigations lay a foundation for advancing energy-saving and efficient neuromorphic computing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2240205 and 52209078)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2021YFC3200901)+1 种基金the Young Talent Fund of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(0959202513029)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160020)。
文摘While existing early-warning systems struggle to achieve cross-species cyanobacterial risk prediction with the required synchronicity and accuracy in aquatic ecosystems,our study pioneers a genome architecture-driven monitoring paradigm through decoding 317 cyanobacterial metagenomeassembled genomes from the world's largest phosphorus-limiting water transfer system,the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Canal(MR-SNWDC).We found an evolutionary blueprint where genome minimization(<3 Mbp)confers ecological dominance under phosphorus scarcity.These streamlined genomes showed predominance and remarkable seasonal dynamics and demonstrated metabolic specialization in phospho rus turnover,light harvesting,and carbon fixation compared to larger genomes.Importantly,we identified a 3 Mbp genomic threshold distinguishing low-risk cyanobacterial consortia from their toxin-producing counterparts.This genome-proxy system enables preemptive risk mitigation by predicting toxic transitions through genome size tracking,fundamentally advancing algal management from reactive monitoring to proactive regulation in water transfer networks.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2021YFC3200901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51721006,51925901,and 52100204)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2021-13).
文摘Antibiotics have received extensive attention due to their sophisticated effects on human health and ecosystems.However,there is an extreme scarcity of information on composition,content,geographic distribution,and risk of riverine antibiotics at a large spatial scale.Based on a systematic review of over 600 pieces of literature(1999-2021),we established a global dataset containing more than 90,000 records covering 169 antibiotics and their metabolites in surface water and sediment across 76 countries.The occurrence of prioritized antibiotics largely depended on socioeconomic developmental levels,and the current“hotspots”of polluted rivers were found mostly in less developed countries or emerging economies(e.g.,some in Africa,South America,and Asia).By developing the screening protocol for risk-based prioritization of antibiotics,we advanced a rank list of antibiotics for guiding formulation of region-specific strategies,which highlighted the importance of whole life cycle management of antibiotics in health maintenance of the world’s rivers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51925901 and 51879001).
文摘Exposure to trace-level heavy metals and antibiotics may elicit metabolic disorder,alter protein expression,and then induce pathological changes in zebrafish embryos,despite negligible physiological and developmental toxicity.This study investigated the single and combined developmental toxicity of fluoroquinolones(enrofloxacin[ENR]and ciprofloxacin[CIP])(0.5 mM)and heavy metals(Cu and Cd)(0.5 mM)to zebrafish embryos,and molecular responses of zebrafish larvae upon exposure to the single pollutant(0.2 mM)or a binary metal-fluoroquinolone mixture(0.2 mM).In all single and mixture exposure groups,no developmental toxicity was observed,but oxidative stress,inflammation,and lipid depletion were found in zebrafish embryos,which was more severe in the mixture exposure groups than in the single exposure groups,probably due to increased metal bioaccumulation in the presence of ENR or CIP.Metabolomics analysis revealed the up-regulation of amino acids and down-regulation of fatty acids,corresponding to an active response to oxidative stress and the occurrence of inflammation.The up-regulation of antioxidase and immune proteins revealed by proteomics analysis further confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress and inflammation.Furthermore,the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed a significant disturbance of pathways related to immunity and tumor,indicating the potential risk of tumorigenesis in zebrafish larvae.The findings provide molecular-level insights into the adverse effects of heavy metals and antibiotics(especially in chemical mixtures)on zebrafish embryos,and highlight the potential ecotoxicological risks of trace-level heavy metals and antibiotics in the environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51925901 and 52330005).
文摘Photosynthetic carbon fixation by cyanobacteria plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle but is threatened by environmental pollutants.To date,the impact of quinones,with electron shuttling properties,on cyanobacterial photosynthesis is unknown.Here,we present the first study investigating the effects of an emerging quinone pollutant,i.e.,6PPD-Q(N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N0-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone),on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.over a 400-generation exposure period.Synechocystis sp.exhibited distinct sequential phases,including hormesis,toxicity,and eventual recovery,throughout this exposure.Extensive evidence,including results of thylakoid membrane morphological and photosynthetic responses,carbon fixation rate,and key gene/protein analyses,strongly indicates that 6PPD-Q is a potent disruptor of photosynthesis.6PPD-Q accepts photosynthetic electrons at the plastoquinone QB site in photosystem II(PSII)and the phylloquinone A1 site in PSI,leading to a sustained decrease in the carbon fixation of cyanobacteria after an ephemeral increase.This work revealed the specific mechanism by which 6PPD-Q interferes with photosynthetic carbon fixation in cyanobacteria,which is highly important for the global carbon cycle.
基金the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province,China([2020]4Y027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002392)the Program Foundation for Talents of Guizhou University(No.[2021]15 and No.[2021]65).
文摘Micro(nano)plastics(MNPs)are a growing problem as persistent environmental pollutants.Here,we investigated the impact of MNPs on microorganisms in aquatic microbial floc exposed to NPs(80 nm)and MPs(8μm)for 35 days.Water quality indicators were tested weekly and microbiological analyses were conducted on Day 7 and 28 after exposure.The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of total ammonia nitrogen or nitrite between the MNPs groups and the control group,spanning from Day 7 to Day 28.For the microbial response,microbial community richness in the NPs and MPs groups were significantly increased at Day 7.Functional prediction showed that the relative abundances of bacteria associated with the“Forms Biofilms”,“Potentially Pathogenic”,“Plastic Degradation”and nitrogen cycle processes were significantly different after MNPs exposure.The results suggest that MNPs had no significant effect on the microbial diversity of mature microbial flocs.Findings suggest MPs could cause an increase in the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria,while NPs do not.In addition,stress associated with MNPs affected the nitrogen cycle of microorganisms,and NPs exerted greater impacts than MPs.Findings from this study further our understanding of the impact of MNPs at environmentally relevant concentrations on microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.
