Liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)is a type of soft active material that generates large and reversible spontaneous deformations upon temperature changes,facilitating various environmentally responsive smart applications.D...Liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)is a type of soft active material that generates large and reversible spontaneous deformations upon temperature changes,facilitating various environmentally responsive smart applications.Despite their success,most existing LCE metamaterials are designed in a forward fashion based on intuition and feature regular material patterns,which may hinder the reach of LCE’s full potential in producing complex and desired functionalities.Here,we develop a computational inverse design framework for discovering diverse sophisticated temperature-activated and-interactive nonlinear behaviors for LCE metamaterials in a fully controllable fashion.We generate intelligent LCE metamaterials with a wide range of switchable functionalities upon temperature changes.By sensing the environment,these metamaterials can realize maximized spontaneous area expansion/contraction,precisely programmable enclosed opening size change,and temperatureswitchable nonlinear stress–strain relations and deformation modes.The optimized unit cells feature irregular LCE patterns and form complex and highly nonlinear mechanisms.The inverse design computational framework,optimized material patterns,and revealed underlying mechanisms fundamentally advance the design capacity of LCE metamaterials,benefiting environment-aware and-adaptive smart materials.展开更多
In recent years,the concept of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries has attracted extensive attention owing to their dual functionality of power supply and simultaneous conversion of CO_(2) into value-added chemi...In recent years,the concept of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries has attracted extensive attention owing to their dual functionality of power supply and simultaneous conversion of CO_(2) into value-added chemicals or fuels.The state-of-the-art research has been mainly focused on the exploration of working mechanisms and catalytic cathodes but hardly applies an integrative view.Although numerous studies have proven the feasibility of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries,challenges remain including the low CO_(2) conversion efficiency,poor battery capacity,and low energy efficiency.This review systematically summarizes the working principles and devices,and the catalytic cathodes used for Zn–CO_(2) batteries.The challenges and prospects in this field are also elaborated,providing insightful guidance for the future development of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries with high performance.展开更多
Postmortem changes in the biochemical constituents of the vitreous humor have been widely used to estimate the postmortem interval(PMI)over the past several decades.However,few reviews have summarized the relationship...Postmortem changes in the biochemical constituents of the vitreous humor have been widely used to estimate the postmortem interval(PMI)over the past several decades.However,few reviews have summarized the relationship between the postmortem vitreous biochemical constituents and time of death.Herein,the relationship between PMI and single biochemical components,including vitreous potassium,hypoxanthine,and amino acids,as well as comparisons of each statistical parameter in the formula,is summarized.We also discuss other compounds such as urea and uric acid,which have no direct relationship with PMI.Utility of multiple constituent simultaneous analysis for estimating PMI is being increasingly investigated.The promising idea of using simultaneous analysis of multiple constituents to determine PMI is proposed as a future research direction.展开更多
基金Authors X.S.Z.and W.L.acknowledge the support from the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)CAREER Award CMMI-2047692 and NSF Award CMMI-2245251.
文摘Liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)is a type of soft active material that generates large and reversible spontaneous deformations upon temperature changes,facilitating various environmentally responsive smart applications.Despite their success,most existing LCE metamaterials are designed in a forward fashion based on intuition and feature regular material patterns,which may hinder the reach of LCE’s full potential in producing complex and desired functionalities.Here,we develop a computational inverse design framework for discovering diverse sophisticated temperature-activated and-interactive nonlinear behaviors for LCE metamaterials in a fully controllable fashion.We generate intelligent LCE metamaterials with a wide range of switchable functionalities upon temperature changes.By sensing the environment,these metamaterials can realize maximized spontaneous area expansion/contraction,precisely programmable enclosed opening size change,and temperatureswitchable nonlinear stress–strain relations and deformation modes.The optimized unit cells feature irregular LCE patterns and form complex and highly nonlinear mechanisms.The inverse design computational framework,optimized material patterns,and revealed underlying mechanisms fundamentally advance the design capacity of LCE metamaterials,benefiting environment-aware and-adaptive smart materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109044,52373205,52003251,52102166)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.22ZR1418500)start-up funds from the East China University of Science and Technology,and Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(GZS2022014).
文摘In recent years,the concept of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries has attracted extensive attention owing to their dual functionality of power supply and simultaneous conversion of CO_(2) into value-added chemicals or fuels.The state-of-the-art research has been mainly focused on the exploration of working mechanisms and catalytic cathodes but hardly applies an integrative view.Although numerous studies have proven the feasibility of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries,challenges remain including the low CO_(2) conversion efficiency,poor battery capacity,and low energy efficiency.This review systematically summarizes the working principles and devices,and the catalytic cathodes used for Zn–CO_(2) batteries.The challenges and prospects in this field are also elaborated,providing insightful guidance for the future development of rechargeable aqueous Zn–CO_(2) batteries with high performance.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772025)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2017JJ3511).
文摘Postmortem changes in the biochemical constituents of the vitreous humor have been widely used to estimate the postmortem interval(PMI)over the past several decades.However,few reviews have summarized the relationship between the postmortem vitreous biochemical constituents and time of death.Herein,the relationship between PMI and single biochemical components,including vitreous potassium,hypoxanthine,and amino acids,as well as comparisons of each statistical parameter in the formula,is summarized.We also discuss other compounds such as urea and uric acid,which have no direct relationship with PMI.Utility of multiple constituent simultaneous analysis for estimating PMI is being increasingly investigated.The promising idea of using simultaneous analysis of multiple constituents to determine PMI is proposed as a future research direction.
