Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a...Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a stroke.Their dynamic activation and polarization states are key factors that influence the disease process and treatment outcomes.This review article investigates the role of microglia in ischemic stroke and explores potential intervention strategies.Microglia exhibit a dynamic functional state,transitioning between pro-inflammatory(M1)and anti-inflammatory(M2)phenotypes.This duality is crucial in ischemic stroke,as it maintains a balance between neuroinflammation and tissue repair.Activated microglia contribute to neuroinflammation through cytokine release and disruption of the blood-brain barrier,while simultaneously promoting tissue repair through anti-inflammatory responses and regeneration.Key pathways influencing microglial activation include Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinases,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.These pathways are targets for various experimental therapies aimed at promoting M2 polarization and mitigating damage.Potential therapeutic agents include natural compounds found in drugs such as minocycline,as well as traditional Chinese medicines.Drugs that target these regulatory mechanisms,such as small molecule inhibitors and components of traditional Chinese medicines,along with emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offer new therapeutic strategies and clinical translational potential for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Background:This study investigated the impacts and mechanisms of yunweiling in the management of Functional Constipation(FC)using network pharmacology and experimental research.Methods:Using the Traditional Chinese Me...Background:This study investigated the impacts and mechanisms of yunweiling in the management of Functional Constipation(FC)using network pharmacology and experimental research.Methods:Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Genecard,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)databases,a potential gene target for yunweiling in treating FC was found.A pharmacological network was built and viewed in Cytoscape.A protein interac-tion map was created with STRING and Cytoscape.‘clusterProfiler’helped uncover its mechanism.Molecular docking was done with AutoDock Vina.In a constipation mouse model,Western blot was used to assess yunweiling's effectiveness.Results:To investigate yunweiling's therapeutic effects on FC,we employed a loperamide-induced constipation model.Successful model establishment was con-firmed by first black stool time,reduced stool output,and impaired gastrointestinal motility.Yunweiling treatment,especially at high and medium doses,significantly al-leviated constipation symptoms by reducing first black stool time,increasing stool output,and enhancing gastrointestinal motility.HE staining revealed yunweiling's ability to restore colon tissue structure.Yunweiling modulated the expression of key proteins TP53,P-AKT,P-PI3K,RET,and Rai,implicating its involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Comparative analysis showed yunweiling to be more effective than its individual components(shionone,β-sitosterol,and daucosterol)in improving constipation.The combination of yunweiling with TP53 and PI3K-Akt inhibitors fur-ther enhanced its therapeutic effects,suggesting a synergistic mechanism.Conclusions:The integration of network pharmacology and experimental investiga-tions indicated the effectiveness of yunweiling in managing FC,offering essential theoretical support for clinical application.展开更多
The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and fla...The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and flammability,as well as performance degradation due to uncontrollable dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes,have been limiting the further development of energy storage devices.In this regard,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)based on lignocellulosic(cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)have attracted great interest due to their high thermal stability,excellent electrolyte wettability,and natural abundance.Therefore,in this critical review,a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by GPEs is presented,followed by a detailed description of the opportunities and advantages of lignocellulosic materials for the fabrication of GPEs for energy storage devices.Notably,the key properties and corresponding construction strategies of GPEs for energy storage are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of lignocellulose for the first time.Moreover,the future challenges and prospects of lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage applications are also critically reviewed and discussed.We sincerely hope this review will stimulate further research on lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage and provide meaningful directions for the strategy of designing advanced GPEs.展开更多
Diffuse axonal injury（DAI）is axonal and small vessel injury produced by a sudden acceleration of the head by an external force,and is a major cause of death and severe disability（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Prognosis i...Diffuse axonal injury（DAI）is axonal and small vessel injury produced by a sudden acceleration of the head by an external force,and is a major cause of death and severe disability（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Prognosis is poorer in patients with apparent hemorrhage than in those without（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Therefore,it is important to identify the presence and precise position of hemorrhagic foci for a more accurate diagnosis.CT and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）have long been applied in the diagnosis of DAI, but they are not sensitive enough for the detection of small hemorrhagic foci, and cannot meet the requirements for early diagnosis. A major advance in MRI has been the development of susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI）, which has greatly increased the ability to detect small hemorrhagic foci after DAI （Ashwal et al., 2006）.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to construct an ontology to model the semantics of social media streams,in particular,trending topics and public issues.Design/methodology/approach:Our knowledge base included 10 public events ...Purpose:This study aims to construct an ontology to model the semantics of social media streams,in particular,trending topics and public issues.Design/methodology/approach:Our knowledge base included 10 public events and topics from Weibo respectively,which were collected through keyword search and a crawler program.We used a semi-automatic approach to model and annotate the semantics in social media,and adapted the multi-layered ontology to refine the design based on previous researches,then we used named entity recognition(NER) to extract entities to instantiate the ontology.Relationships were extracted based on co-occurrence measures.Finally,we manually conducted post-filtering evaluation and edited the extracted entities and relationships.Findings:An initial assessment demonstrated that our multi-layered ontology supports various types of queries and analyses in the public issue knowledge base(PIKB),which can serve as an effective tool to query,understand and trace public issues.Research limitations:Manual involvement cannot meet the requirements for challenges of sustainable developments.Since the relationships extracted are fully based on the co-occurrence of entities,rich semantic relationships,such as how much the key players have been involved,could not be fully reflected.Besides,the user evaluation is necessary for further ontology assessment.Practical implications:The PIKB can be used by regular Web users and policy makers to query,understand,and make sense of public events and topics.The methodology and reusable ontology model are useful for institutions that are interested in making use of the social media data.Originality/value:In this study,a multi-layered ontology is applied to model the evolving semantics of public events and trending topics in social media,and the semi-automatic approach could make it possible to extract entities and relationships from large amount of unstructured short texts of user generated content(UGC) from social media.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient ...BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.展开更多
A NiTi@Mg interpenetrating phase composite with high strength and lightweight was prepared by additive manufacturing(AM)and infiltration technology,and the interface bonding,three-point bending properties and cyclic c...A NiTi@Mg interpenetrating phase composite with high strength and lightweight was prepared by additive manufacturing(AM)and infiltration technology,and the interface bonding,three-point bending properties and cyclic compressive properties of NiTi@Mg composites were investigated.The results show that the metallurgically bonded interface is formed at the NiTi/Mg interfaces.The bending strength and compressive strength of the NiTi@Mg composite are 2.5 and 1.7 times higher than those of the NiTi scaffold,respectively.During the bending deformation process,a large number of dislocations are observed to accumulate in the soft Mg area at the interface.Furthermore,the finite element model showed that the stress accumulation area,where the bending crack is initiated,is located at the interface of NiTi and Mg.The strengthening mechanism of NiTi@Mg composites is attributed to the twinning strengthening of Mg and heterogeneous structure strengthening.展开更多
INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depres...INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.展开更多
Multimodal sensor fusion can make full use of the advantages of various sensors,make up for the shortcomings of a single sensor,achieve information verification or information security through information redundancy,a...Multimodal sensor fusion can make full use of the advantages of various sensors,make up for the shortcomings of a single sensor,achieve information verification or information security through information redundancy,and improve the reliability and safety of the system.Artificial intelligence(AI),referring to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans,represents a pivotal frontier in modern scientific research.With the continuous development and promotion of AI technology in Sensor 4.0 age,multimodal sensor fusion is becoming more and more intelligent and automated,and is expected to go further in the future.With this context,this review article takes a comprehensive look at the recent progress on AI-enhanced multimodal sensors and their integrated devices and systems.Based on the concept and principle of sensor technologies and AI algorithms,the theoretical underpinnings,technological breakthroughs,and pragmatic applications of AI-enhanced multimodal sensors in various fields such as robotics,healthcare,and environmental monitoring are highlighted.Through a comparative study of the dual/tri-modal sensors with and without using AI technologies(especially machine learning and deep learning),AI-enhanced multimodal sensors highlight the potential of AI to improve sensor performance,data processing,and decision-making capabilities.Furthermore,the review analyzes the challenges and opportunities afforded by AI-enhanced multimodal sensors,and offers a prospective outlook on the forthcoming advancements.展开更多
Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,...Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.展开更多
The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (...The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) still lacks effective atomic-scale composition design and screening schemes, which hinders the accurate prediction of desired composition and properties. This study proposes a novel approach for rapidly designing the composition of materials with the aim of overcoming the trade-off between strength and ductility in metal matrix composites. The effect of chemical composition on stacking fault energy (SFE), shear modulus, and phase stability was investigated through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamic calculation software. The alloy's low SFE, highest shear modulus, and stable face-centered cubic (FCC) phase have been identified as three standard physical quantities for rapid screening to characterize the deformation mechanism, ultimate tensile strength, phase stability, and ductility of the alloy. The calculation results indicate that the optimal composition space is expected to fall within the ranges of 17 %–34 % Ni, 33 %–50 % Co, and 25 %–33 % Mn. The comparison of stress-strain curves for various predicted components using simulated and experimental results serves to reinforce the efficacy of the method. This indicates that the screening criteria offer a necessary design concept, deviating from traditional strategies and providing crucial guidance for the rapid development and application of MEAs.展开更多
Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in...Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.展开更多
Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial ...Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.展开更多
Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy an...Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy and widely used to improve the photoluminescence properties of phosphors.In this paper,Li^(+)is introduced into a Y_(7)O_(6)F_(9):Pr^(3+),Gd^(3+)system.The effect of Li^(+)codoping on the phase purity,crystal structure,micro structure,downshifting and upconversion photo luminescence as well as the decay dynamic of the phosphors was studied.It is revealed that the overall photoluminescence efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency from pr^(3+)to Gd^(3+)are greatly promoted.The downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence increase by 2.58 and 10 times as 6 mol%of Li^(+)is codoped.The photo luminescence decay dynamic study shows that the ^(3)P_(0)state decays slower in the Li^(+)-containing phosphor than the Li^(+)-free one.The improvement of the photoluminescence properties is due to the increase of the crystallinity and the reduce of the quenching center.展开更多
BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regu...BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.AIM To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid(PA).PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed.Next,transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells.Furthermore,the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated.A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo.RESULTS PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG+PA-induced MIN6 cell damage.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS,with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1.Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC)and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing.Furthermore,in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage,suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC),and ERS-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.CONCLUSION PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively.The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation,which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS,ameliorating damage to pancreaticβ-cells.展开更多
The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding...The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.展开更多
The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characte...The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.展开更多
Gas-phase synthesis of glycolide(GL)from methyl glycolate(MG)is of great significance for producing biodegradable polyglycolic acid.Here,we report a detailed thermodynamics study for the gas-phase synthesis of GL from...Gas-phase synthesis of glycolide(GL)from methyl glycolate(MG)is of great significance for producing biodegradable polyglycolic acid.Here,we report a detailed thermodynamics study for the gas-phase synthesis of GL from MG,which involves complex reaction pathways,by utilizing the Gibbs free energy minimization method.The results indicate that the decompositions of MG and GL and the polymerization of MG are thermodynamically favorable as compared with the target pathway,i.e.,the cyclization of MG.Effects of the reaction conditions including temperature,pressure and feed composition on the formation of GL and linear polymers have also been addressed,which demonstrate that the higher temperature and lower pressure can effectively inhibit the formation of linear methyl ester dimer and improve the selectivity to GL.In addition,the higher N_(2)/MG ratio is beneficial for the formation of GL in the process promoted by catalysts.These thermodynamics results indicate that the process promoted by catalysts would benefit from the kinetics control by high-performance catalysts and the operation at high temperature,low pressure and high N_(2)/MG ratio to enhance the yield of targeted GL.The insights demonstrated here from thermodynamics are valuable for guiding the design of catalysts and/or optimization of reaction conditions for the gas-phase synthesis of GL from MG.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,82471345(to LC)the Key Research and Development Program for Social Development by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology.No.BE2022668(to LC).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a stroke.Their dynamic activation and polarization states are key factors that influence the disease process and treatment outcomes.This review article investigates the role of microglia in ischemic stroke and explores potential intervention strategies.Microglia exhibit a dynamic functional state,transitioning between pro-inflammatory(M1)and anti-inflammatory(M2)phenotypes.This duality is crucial in ischemic stroke,as it maintains a balance between neuroinflammation and tissue repair.Activated microglia contribute to neuroinflammation through cytokine release and disruption of the blood-brain barrier,while simultaneously promoting tissue repair through anti-inflammatory responses and regeneration.Key pathways influencing microglial activation include Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinases,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.These pathways are targets for various experimental therapies aimed at promoting M2 polarization and mitigating damage.Potential therapeutic agents include natural compounds found in drugs such as minocycline,as well as traditional Chinese medicines.Drugs that target these regulatory mechanisms,such as small molecule inhibitors and components of traditional Chinese medicines,along with emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offer new therapeutic strategies and clinical translational potential for ischemic stroke.
基金funded by the TCM Spleen and Stomach Discipline Leader Project of High-level Talents in Yunnan Province (no grant number)TCM Joint Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (grant number 202101AZ070001-209).
文摘Background:This study investigated the impacts and mechanisms of yunweiling in the management of Functional Constipation(FC)using network pharmacology and experimental research.Methods:Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Genecard,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)databases,a potential gene target for yunweiling in treating FC was found.A pharmacological network was built and viewed in Cytoscape.A protein interac-tion map was created with STRING and Cytoscape.‘clusterProfiler’helped uncover its mechanism.Molecular docking was done with AutoDock Vina.In a constipation mouse model,Western blot was used to assess yunweiling's effectiveness.Results:To investigate yunweiling's therapeutic effects on FC,we employed a loperamide-induced constipation model.Successful model establishment was con-firmed by first black stool time,reduced stool output,and impaired gastrointestinal motility.Yunweiling treatment,especially at high and medium doses,significantly al-leviated constipation symptoms by reducing first black stool time,increasing stool output,and enhancing gastrointestinal motility.HE staining revealed yunweiling's ability to restore colon tissue structure.Yunweiling modulated the expression of key proteins TP53,P-AKT,P-PI3K,RET,and Rai,implicating its involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Comparative analysis showed yunweiling to be more effective than its individual components(shionone,β-sitosterol,and daucosterol)in improving constipation.The combination of yunweiling with TP53 and PI3K-Akt inhibitors fur-ther enhanced its therapeutic effects,suggesting a synergistic mechanism.Conclusions:The integration of network pharmacology and experimental investiga-tions indicated the effectiveness of yunweiling in managing FC,offering essential theoretical support for clinical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32501592,32271814,32301530,32471806)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.YESS20230242)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(23JCZDJC00630,24JCZDJC00630)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740563)Tianjin Enterprise Technology Commissioner Project(25YDTPJC00690)China Scholarship Council(202408120091,202408120105).
文摘The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and flammability,as well as performance degradation due to uncontrollable dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes,have been limiting the further development of energy storage devices.In this regard,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)based on lignocellulosic(cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)have attracted great interest due to their high thermal stability,excellent electrolyte wettability,and natural abundance.Therefore,in this critical review,a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by GPEs is presented,followed by a detailed description of the opportunities and advantages of lignocellulosic materials for the fabrication of GPEs for energy storage devices.Notably,the key properties and corresponding construction strategies of GPEs for energy storage are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of lignocellulose for the first time.Moreover,the future challenges and prospects of lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage applications are also critically reviewed and discussed.We sincerely hope this review will stimulate further research on lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage and provide meaningful directions for the strategy of designing advanced GPEs.
基金supported by a grant from the Key Science and Technology Development Project of Nanjing Medical University in ChinaNo.08NMU054
文摘Diffuse axonal injury（DAI）is axonal and small vessel injury produced by a sudden acceleration of the head by an external force,and is a major cause of death and severe disability（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Prognosis is poorer in patients with apparent hemorrhage than in those without（Paterakis et al.,2000）.Therefore,it is important to identify the presence and precise position of hemorrhagic foci for a more accurate diagnosis.CT and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）have long been applied in the diagnosis of DAI, but they are not sensitive enough for the detection of small hemorrhagic foci, and cannot meet the requirements for early diagnosis. A major advance in MRI has been the development of susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI）, which has greatly increased the ability to detect small hemorrhagic foci after DAI （Ashwal et al., 2006）.
基金supported by Beijing Thinker Workshop(Grant No.XK201211001)
文摘Purpose:This study aims to construct an ontology to model the semantics of social media streams,in particular,trending topics and public issues.Design/methodology/approach:Our knowledge base included 10 public events and topics from Weibo respectively,which were collected through keyword search and a crawler program.We used a semi-automatic approach to model and annotate the semantics in social media,and adapted the multi-layered ontology to refine the design based on previous researches,then we used named entity recognition(NER) to extract entities to instantiate the ontology.Relationships were extracted based on co-occurrence measures.Finally,we manually conducted post-filtering evaluation and edited the extracted entities and relationships.Findings:An initial assessment demonstrated that our multi-layered ontology supports various types of queries and analyses in the public issue knowledge base(PIKB),which can serve as an effective tool to query,understand and trace public issues.Research limitations:Manual involvement cannot meet the requirements for challenges of sustainable developments.Since the relationships extracted are fully based on the co-occurrence of entities,rich semantic relationships,such as how much the key players have been involved,could not be fully reflected.Besides,the user evaluation is necessary for further ontology assessment.Practical implications:The PIKB can be used by regular Web users and policy makers to query,understand,and make sense of public events and topics.The methodology and reusable ontology model are useful for institutions that are interested in making use of the social media data.Originality/value:In this study,a multi-layered ontology is applied to model the evolving semantics of public events and trending topics in social media,and the semi-automatic approach could make it possible to extract entities and relationships from large amount of unstructured short texts of user generated content(UGC) from social media.
基金Supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2023-I2M-C&T-B-043National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-015+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2021-1-12M-002Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.M22014.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52001030,51803200,52105356,52003104)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (Nos.2021JJ40590,2021JJ40600)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province Youth Fund,China (No.2021JJ20011)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.92166112)the Project of MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering in Jinan University,China (No.20200904006)the Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China (No.2020B1515420004)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials,China (No.211003-K)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions in Chongqing University,China (No.SKLMT-MSKFKT-202102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (No.21622110)。
文摘A NiTi@Mg interpenetrating phase composite with high strength and lightweight was prepared by additive manufacturing(AM)and infiltration technology,and the interface bonding,three-point bending properties and cyclic compressive properties of NiTi@Mg composites were investigated.The results show that the metallurgically bonded interface is formed at the NiTi/Mg interfaces.The bending strength and compressive strength of the NiTi@Mg composite are 2.5 and 1.7 times higher than those of the NiTi scaffold,respectively.During the bending deformation process,a large number of dislocations are observed to accumulate in the soft Mg area at the interface.Furthermore,the finite element model showed that the stress accumulation area,where the bending crack is initiated,is located at the interface of NiTi and Mg.The strengthening mechanism of NiTi@Mg composites is attributed to the twinning strengthening of Mg and heterogeneous structure strengthening.
基金funded by the Construction Project of the"Flagship"Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Coordination(LiuL/2024-221)the 2024 Medical Service and Security Capacity Improvement Project(National Clinical Key Specialty Construction)(LiuL/Huwei Medical/2024-65)+5 种基金the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project(LiuL/No.2023JSP03)the Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Clinical)(LiuL/2024-No.3)the Shanghai Technical Standardization Management and Promotion Project(LiuL/No.SHDC22023212)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(2022)(LiuL/No.2022Cx004)Clinical research project of Shanghai Health Commission-Youth Project(LW/No.20214Y0056)Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health(LW/No.SZB2023201).
文摘INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62404111)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240635)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.24KJB510025)Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223157 and NY223156)Opening Project of Advanced Inte-grated Circuit Package and Testing Research Center of Jiangsu Province(No.NTIKFJJ202303).
文摘Multimodal sensor fusion can make full use of the advantages of various sensors,make up for the shortcomings of a single sensor,achieve information verification or information security through information redundancy,and improve the reliability and safety of the system.Artificial intelligence(AI),referring to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans,represents a pivotal frontier in modern scientific research.With the continuous development and promotion of AI technology in Sensor 4.0 age,multimodal sensor fusion is becoming more and more intelligent and automated,and is expected to go further in the future.With this context,this review article takes a comprehensive look at the recent progress on AI-enhanced multimodal sensors and their integrated devices and systems.Based on the concept and principle of sensor technologies and AI algorithms,the theoretical underpinnings,technological breakthroughs,and pragmatic applications of AI-enhanced multimodal sensors in various fields such as robotics,healthcare,and environmental monitoring are highlighted.Through a comparative study of the dual/tri-modal sensors with and without using AI technologies(especially machine learning and deep learning),AI-enhanced multimodal sensors highlight the potential of AI to improve sensor performance,data processing,and decision-making capabilities.Furthermore,the review analyzes the challenges and opportunities afforded by AI-enhanced multimodal sensors,and offers a prospective outlook on the forthcoming advancements.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2021YFA0715803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52293373,52130205,and 52302091)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technol-ogy R&D Program(No.225200810002)the ND Basic Research Funds of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.G2022WD).
文摘Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52063017 and 52061025)the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.22ZD6GA008 and 20ZD7GJ008)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA820)The Science and Technology Project of Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA008)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.23YFGA0058)the College Industry Support Plan of Gansu Province(No.2023CYZC-27).
文摘The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) still lacks effective atomic-scale composition design and screening schemes, which hinders the accurate prediction of desired composition and properties. This study proposes a novel approach for rapidly designing the composition of materials with the aim of overcoming the trade-off between strength and ductility in metal matrix composites. The effect of chemical composition on stacking fault energy (SFE), shear modulus, and phase stability was investigated through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamic calculation software. The alloy's low SFE, highest shear modulus, and stable face-centered cubic (FCC) phase have been identified as three standard physical quantities for rapid screening to characterize the deformation mechanism, ultimate tensile strength, phase stability, and ductility of the alloy. The calculation results indicate that the optimal composition space is expected to fall within the ranges of 17 %–34 % Ni, 33 %–50 % Co, and 25 %–33 % Mn. The comparison of stress-strain curves for various predicted components using simulated and experimental results serves to reinforce the efficacy of the method. This indicates that the screening criteria offer a necessary design concept, deviating from traditional strategies and providing crucial guidance for the rapid development and application of MEAs.
基金This research was jointly supported by the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20242481)Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology,MNR(2020YFL33)。
文摘Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-049)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WK3510000013)。
文摘Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51701091,12004148,12104199,12204216)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QA057)+1 种基金the Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0352)the Innovation Team of Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province(2019KJA025)。
文摘Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy and widely used to improve the photoluminescence properties of phosphors.In this paper,Li^(+)is introduced into a Y_(7)O_(6)F_(9):Pr^(3+),Gd^(3+)system.The effect of Li^(+)codoping on the phase purity,crystal structure,micro structure,downshifting and upconversion photo luminescence as well as the decay dynamic of the phosphors was studied.It is revealed that the overall photoluminescence efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency from pr^(3+)to Gd^(3+)are greatly promoted.The downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence increase by 2.58 and 10 times as 6 mol%of Li^(+)is codoped.The photo luminescence decay dynamic study shows that the ^(3)P_(0)state decays slower in the Li^(+)-containing phosphor than the Li^(+)-free one.The improvement of the photoluminescence properties is due to the increase of the crystallinity and the reduce of the quenching center.
基金Yuansong Wang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio,No.4(2022).
文摘BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.AIM To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid(PA).PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed.Next,transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells.Furthermore,the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated.A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo.RESULTS PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG+PA-induced MIN6 cell damage.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS,with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1.Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC)and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing.Furthermore,in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage,suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC),and ERS-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.CONCLUSION PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively.The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation,which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS,ameliorating damage to pancreaticβ-cells.
基金financially supported by the Biological BreedingNational Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0405806)the National Key R&D Program for the 14th Five-Year Plan in China(2022YFD2200304).
文摘The level of genetic variation within a breeding population affects the effectiveness of selection strategies for genetic improvement.The relationship between genetic variation level within Pinus tabuliformis breeding populations and selection strategies or selection effectiveness is not fully investigated.Here,we compared the selection effectiveness of combined and individual direct selection strategies using half-and full-sib families produced from advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchard as our test populations.Our results revealed that,within half-sib families,average diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,and volume growth of superior individuals selected by the direct selection strategy were higher by 7.72%,18.56%,and 31.01%,respectively,than those selected by the combined selection strategy.Furthermore,significant differences(P<0.01)were observed between the two strategies in terms of the expected genetic gains for average tree height and volume.In contrast,within full-sib families,the differences in tree average DBH,height,and volume between the two selection strategies were relatively minor with increase of 0.17%,2.73%,and 2.21%,respectively,and no significant differences were found in the average expected genetic gains for the studied traits.Half-sib families exhibited greater phenotypic and genetic variation,resulting in improved selection efficiency with the direct selection strategy but also introduced a level of inbreeding risk.Based on genetic distance estimates using molecular markers,our comparative seed orchard design analysis showed that the Improved Adaptive Genetic Programming Algorithm(IAPGA)reduced the average inbreeding coefficient by 14.36% and 14.73% compared to sequential and random designs,respectively.In conclusion,the combination of the direct selection strategy with IAPGA seed orchard design aimed at minimizing inbreeding offered an efficient approach for establishing advanced-generation P.tabuliformis seed orchards.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:42001244)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(grant number:2024-YF05-01061-SN)Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:E4K2060060)。
文摘The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478106,22178102,and 22332003)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1401900)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Programby CAST(2023QNRC001)the Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.,Ltd(YPML-2023050272).
文摘Gas-phase synthesis of glycolide(GL)from methyl glycolate(MG)is of great significance for producing biodegradable polyglycolic acid.Here,we report a detailed thermodynamics study for the gas-phase synthesis of GL from MG,which involves complex reaction pathways,by utilizing the Gibbs free energy minimization method.The results indicate that the decompositions of MG and GL and the polymerization of MG are thermodynamically favorable as compared with the target pathway,i.e.,the cyclization of MG.Effects of the reaction conditions including temperature,pressure and feed composition on the formation of GL and linear polymers have also been addressed,which demonstrate that the higher temperature and lower pressure can effectively inhibit the formation of linear methyl ester dimer and improve the selectivity to GL.In addition,the higher N_(2)/MG ratio is beneficial for the formation of GL in the process promoted by catalysts.These thermodynamics results indicate that the process promoted by catalysts would benefit from the kinetics control by high-performance catalysts and the operation at high temperature,low pressure and high N_(2)/MG ratio to enhance the yield of targeted GL.The insights demonstrated here from thermodynamics are valuable for guiding the design of catalysts and/or optimization of reaction conditions for the gas-phase synthesis of GL from MG.
