The Northeast China Cold Vortex(NCCV)is a common cut-off low-pressure system in Northeast China,frequently causing localized heavy rainfall,strong winds,and thunderstorms during the early summer.In this study,the clea...The Northeast China Cold Vortex(NCCV)is a common cut-off low-pressure system in Northeast China,frequently causing localized heavy rainfall,strong winds,and thunderstorms during the early summer.In this study,the clear-sky radiance of 48 longwave channels from the FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)is assimilated into the China Meteorological Administration mesoscale model(CMA-MESO)to evaluate its impact on NCCV development and its effects on rainfall forecasting.The results show that after assimilating the GIIRS radiance data,the warm center at 200 hPa and the cold center at 850 hPa of the NCCV are strengthened,and the dry intrusion at 850 hPa becomes more pronounced.This leads to a stronger NCCV intensity in the following 24 hours and brings the precipitation intensity and area closer to the observation,resulting in significant improvements compared to the experiments that do not assimilate GIIRS radiance data.Furthermore,it is found that the enhancement of the precipitation forecast is associated with the strengthening of cold air in the middle and lower troposphere,which intensifies the uplift of the warm,moist airflow.These results highlight the potential value of GIIRS data assimilation in enhancing early warnings and forecasts of extreme weather events influenced by the NCCV.展开更多
Arsenic and cadmium contamination frequently coexist in the real environment.However it remains a challenge for their simultaneous removal due to their distinct physicochemica properties at low cost.To this end,a cost...Arsenic and cadmium contamination frequently coexist in the real environment.However it remains a challenge for their simultaneous removal due to their distinct physicochemica properties at low cost.To this end,a cost-effective magnetic biochar adsorbent (ITBNa800was prepared using biomass waste and iron tailings slag.This composite adsorbent exhibits excellent performance in the simultaneous removal of aqueous As(Ⅴ) and Cd(Ⅱ) even at high concentrations with removal efficiencies of up to 99.98%and 96.04%,respectively.Electro static action,precipitation,and complexation were adsorption mechanisms.As(Ⅴ) and Cd(Ⅱ were synergistic and competitive adsorption.As(Ⅴ) removal was mainly due to physical and chemical adsorption,and 42.40%-58.59%of As(Ⅴ) had been converted to As(Ⅲ ).Cd(Ⅱ) re moval was mainly due to chemical adsorption.Iron oxide and aluminum oxide in ITBNa800were the keys to As(Ⅴ),As(Ⅲ ),and Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.DFT calculations revealed iron oxide complex As(Ⅴ),As(Ⅲ ),and Cd(Ⅱ) molecular clusters through bidentate binuclear,bidentate binuclear,and monodentate binuclear pathways,respectively.Aluminum oxide complex Cd(Ⅱ) molecular cluster through a bidentate mononuclear pathway.We hope the ITBNa800adsorbent and its involved mechanism could offer inspiration in the simultaneous treat ment of As and Cd pollution.展开更多
The highly dynamic nature,strong uncertainty,and coupled multiple safety constraints inherent in carrier aircraft recovery operations pose severe challenges for real-time decision-making.Addressing bolter scenarios,th...The highly dynamic nature,strong uncertainty,and coupled multiple safety constraints inherent in carrier aircraft recovery operations pose severe challenges for real-time decision-making.Addressing bolter scenarios,this study proposes an intelligent decision-making framework based on a deep long short-term memory Q-network.This framework transforms the real-time sequencing for bolter recovery problem into a partially observable Markov decision process.It employs a stacked long shortterm memory network to accurately capture the long-range temporal dependencies of bolter event chains and fuel consumption.Furthermore,it integrates a prioritized experience replay training mechanism to construct a safe and adaptive scheduling system capable of millisecond-level real-time decision-making.Experimental demonstrates that,within large-scale mass recovery scenarios,the framework achieves zero safety violations in static environments and maintains a fuel safety violation rate below 10%in dynamic scenarios,with single-step decision times at the millisecond level.The model exhibits strong generalization capability,effectively responding to unforeseen emergent situations—such as multiple bolters and fuel emergencies—without requiring retraining.This provides robust support for efficient carrier-based aircraft recovery operations.展开更多
Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to th...Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to those of clear sky scenarios.This study presents a novel framework that integrates Bayesian optimization and machine learning approaches to retrieve atmospheric vertical profiles—including temperature,humidity,ozone concentration,cloud fraction,ice water content(IWC),and liquid water content(LWC)—from hyperspectral infrared observations.Specifically,a Bayesian method was used to refine ERA5 reanalysis data by minimizing brightness temperature(BT)discrepancies against FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)observations,generating a high-quality profile database(~2.8 million profiles)across diverse weather systems.The optimized profiles improve radiative consistency,reducing BT biases from>40 K to<10 K in cloudy regions.To further overcome the limitations of the Bayesian method,we developed a Transformer-Resnet hybrid model(TERNet),which achieved superior performance with RMSE values of 1.61 K(temperature),5.77%(humidity),and 2.25×10^(–6)/6.09×10^(–6)kg kg^(–1)(IWC/LWC)across the entire vertical levels in all-sky conditions.The TERNet outperforms both ERA5 in cloud parameter retrieval and the GIIRS L2 product in thermodynamic profiling.Independent verification with radiosonde and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO)datasets confirms the framework's reliability across various meteorological regimes.This work demonstrates the capability of combining physics-informed Bayesian methods with data-driven machine learning to fully exploit hyperspectral IR data.展开更多
Next-generation fire safety systems demand precise detection and motion recognition of flames.In-sensor computing,which integrates sensing,memory,and processing capabilities,has emerged as a key technology in flame de...Next-generation fire safety systems demand precise detection and motion recognition of flames.In-sensor computing,which integrates sensing,memory,and processing capabilities,has emerged as a key technology in flame detection.However,the implementation of hardware-level functional demonstrations based on artificial vision systems in the solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)band(200-280 nm)is hindered by the weak detection capability.Here,we propose Ga_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunctions for the ferroelectric(abbreviation:Fe)optoelectronic sensor(abbreviation:OES)array(5×5 pixels),which is capable of ultraweak UV light detection with an ultrahigh detectivity through ferroelectric regulation and features in configurable multimode functionality.The Fe-OES array can directly sense different flame motions and simulate the non-spiking gradient neurons of insect visual system.Moreover,the flame signal can be effectively amplified in combination with leaky integration-and-fire neuron hardware.Using this Fe-OES system and neuromorphic hardware,we successfully demonstrate three flame processing tasks:achieving efficient flame detection across all time periods with terminal and cloud-based alarms;flame motion recognition with a lightweight convolutional neural network achieving 96.47%accuracy;and flame light recognition with 90.51%accuracy by means of a photosensitive artificial neural system.This work provides effective tools and approaches for addressing a variety of complex flame detection tasks.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have recently attracted increasing research interest due to their unparalleled safety,fantastic cost competitiveness and promising capacity advantages compared with the com...Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have recently attracted increasing research interest due to their unparalleled safety,fantastic cost competitiveness and promising capacity advantages compared with the commercial lithium ion batteries.However,the disputed energy storage mechanism has been a confusing issue restraining the development of ZIBs.Although a lot of efforts have been dedicated to the exploration in battery chemistry,a comprehensive review that focuses on summarizing the energy storage mechanisms of ZIBs is needed.Herein,the energy storage mechanisms of aqueous rechargeable ZIBs are systematically reviewed in detail and summarized as four types,which are traditional Zn^(2+)insertion chemistry,dual ions co-insertion,chemical conversion reaction and coordination reaction of Zn^(2+)with organic cathodes.Furthermore,the promising exploration directions and rational prospects are also proposed in this review.展开更多
Changes in the form of precipitation have a considerable impact on the Arctic cryosphere and ecological system by influencing the energy balance and surface runoff. In this study, station observations and ERA-Interim ...Changes in the form of precipitation have a considerable impact on the Arctic cryosphere and ecological system by influencing the energy balance and surface runoff. In this study, station observations and ERA-Interim data were used to analyze changes in the rainfall to precipitation ratio（RPR） in northern Canada during the spring–summer season（March–July）from 1979–2015. Our results indicate that ERA-Interim describes the spring–summer variations and trends in temperature and the RPR well. Both the spring–summer mean temperature [0.4℃–1℃（10 yr）^（-1）] and the RPR [2%–6%（10 yr）^（-1）] increased significantly in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1979–2015. Moreover, we suggest that, aside from the contribution of climate warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation is probably another key factor influencing temporal and spatial differences in the RPR over northern Canada.展开更多
The effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of a high-manganese(Mn)austenitic steel was investigated via electron-backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and tensile and ...The effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of a high-manganese(Mn)austenitic steel was investigated via electron-backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and tensile and impact tests at 25°C and-196°C.The Hall–Petch strengthening coefficients for the yield strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels were 7.08 MPa mm 0.5 at 25°C,which increased to 14 MPa mm 0.5 at-196°C.The effect that the grain boundary strengthening had on improving the yield strength at-196°C was better than that at 25°C.The impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were enhanced with the increased grain size at 25°C,while they remained nearly unchanged at-196°C.The unchanged impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were primarily attributed to the emergence of the micro-twin at-196°C,which promoted the cleavage fracture in the steels with large-sized grains.Refining the grain size could improve the strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels without impairing their ductility and toughness at low temperature.展开更多
In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtai...In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t.In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide(PF)in the SD solution,the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8%to 57.08%.Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)technique,the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied.The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L,and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD.The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry,which indicated that Au and(N(CN)2)–in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions,[AuNax(N(CN)2)x+2]–(x=1,2,3,or 4).展开更多
Low-pressure air plasma cleaning is an effective method for removing organic contaminants on large-aperture optical components in situ in the inertial confinement fusion facility.Chemical reactions play a significant ...Low-pressure air plasma cleaning is an effective method for removing organic contaminants on large-aperture optical components in situ in the inertial confinement fusion facility.Chemical reactions play a significant role in plasma cleaning,which is a complex process involving abundant bond cleavage and species generation.In this work,experiments and reactive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to unravel the reaction mechanism between the benchmark organic contaminants of dibutyl phthalate and air plasma.The optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the overall evolution behaviors of excited molecular species and radical signals from air plasma as a reference to simulations.Detailed reaction pathways were revealed and characterized,and specific intermediate radicals and products were analyzed during experiments and simulation.The reactive species in the air plasma,such as O,HO_(2)and O_(3)radicals,played a crucial role in cleaving organic molecular structures.Together,our findings provide an atomic-level understanding of complex reaction processes of low-pressure air plasma cleaning mechanisms and are essential for its application in industrial plasma cleaning.展开更多
Soy whey(SW)is generated as process waste while preparing soy protein isolates(SPI),and causing severe environmental pollution.Therefore,its value-added utilization is of prime importance for transforming and upgradin...Soy whey(SW)is generated as process waste while preparing soy protein isolates(SPI),and causing severe environmental pollution.Therefore,its value-added utilization is of prime importance for transforming and upgrading traditional industry.This study aims to utilize SW as a substrate for the growth of probiotics and produce a SW based synbiotics.By a series of trials,the effect of the dietary supplementation with this fermented SW(FSW)was analyzed on ICR mice's body weight,metabolites,and intestinal microbiota in 4 weeks.The results showed that,when SW was concentrated 15 times,the count of viable Lactobacillus casei reached 3.4×10^(9) CFU/mL by liquid fermentation method,which was the highest viable cell count among all test strains.In this FSW,the protein,amino acid,total dietary fibre,soluble dietary fibre,and oligosaccharide were 2.10%,1.63%,0.52%,0.51% and 0.79%,respectively.Compared to two control group,the total yields of the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were significantly improved(75%-125% at average),while the SCFAs structure was also significantly changed(especially acetic acid and butyrate)in the faeces of mice fed FSW.Meanwhile,FSW dietary addition was associated with the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota.Obviously,with mice's body weight loss,Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio reduced accordingly(<1.21),and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly increased(the maximum amount was about 0.013%).In summary,our results indicated that the dietary supplementation of FSW affected mice's intestinal microbiota and metabolism and improved their health profile.展开更多
The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous ...The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous is still controversial.Integrating the apatite fission track(AFT)data in both this study and previous works,a three-stage exhumation history from Cretaceous to Neogene of the DQS is proposed.(1)The first stage is composed of the early exhumation during Early Cretaceous driven by the collision between the North China and Siberia cratons(ca.148-132 Ma)and the far-field effect of the subduction of the Pacific Plate(ca.132-114 Ma).(2)Due to the subsidence of the Hetao Basin and the subsequent compensation between the DQS and the Hetao Basin,the DQS experienced the second rapid exhumation from Early Eocene to Early Oligocene(ca.54-29 Ma).(3)Since the Late Miocene(ca.13.5 Ma),the third rapid cooling and exhumation of the DQS occurred due to the far-field effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the subduction of the Pacific Plate.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells has been widely used to study the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal dege...BACKGROUND： Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells has been widely used to study the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in Parkinson＇s disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To establish rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells, and to investigate the possible action pathways to rotenone-induced neural cell injury at the protein level. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A controlled proteomics study was performed at the Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University between March 2006 and March 2007. MATERIALS： PC 12 cells were obtained from Shanghai Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Rotenone was provided by Sigma, USA. METHODS： PC 12 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated under experimental and control conditions, respectively. A total of 0.5 μmol/L rotenone, or the same amount of Dulbecco＇s modified eagle＇s medium （DMEM）, was added in the experimental and control conditions, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following 72 hours of rotenone treatment, cellular survival rate was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and apoptotic changes were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining. Total cellular protein was extracted to acquire differential protein expression data utilizing two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. To identify differential protein spots, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） was used. RESULTS： In the MTT assay, the experimental condition induced significantly less cell survival compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）. Hoechst 33342 staining revealed a larger number of apoptotic cells under the experimental condition compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）, as determined by the presence of nuclear condensation, pyknosis, and nuclear fragmentation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis results showed that the differential expression of protein spots 1069 and 1538 was increased by 144% and 124%, respectively, while that of protein spot 1094 was decreased by 123% in the experimental condition compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）. By MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and database retrieval, γ-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A were confirmed to be involved in rotenone-induced neural cell injury. CONCLUSION： γ-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A might participate in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells.展开更多
Flower-like Ni3P2O8 and flower-like Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O have been successfully synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal an amorphous phase formation of nicke...Flower-like Ni3P2O8 and flower-like Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O have been successfully synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal an amorphous phase formation of nickel phosphate (Ni3P2O8) and pure monoclinic phase of Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O. The novel flower-like Ni3P2O8 and flower-like Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O when used for supercapacitor electrode materials exhibit a high specific capacitance (C-m) of 1464 F/g and 200 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, respectively. Eventually, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using Ni3P2O8 as positive electrode and Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O as negative electrode. A high specific capacitance of 94 F/g is achieved in the high-voltage region of 0 similar to 1.6V, and a large energy density of 32.6 Wh/kg is delivered at power density of 420 W/kg. The findings demonstrate the important and great potential of developing metal phosphate based materials for supercapacitors. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the inc...Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the incidence continues to increase,so the mechanisms related to effective targets is necessary to improve the survival.This study was to preliminarily investigate the effects of the COL4A2 gene on the regulation of thyroid cancer(THCA)cell proliferation and the associated pathways.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL4A2 was closely associated with cancer development.COL4A2 expression in THCA tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival information was determined via Kaplan-Meier curves.The expression of COL4A2 and AKT pathway-related genes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot analyses.Colony formation as well as CCK-8 assays exhibited the cell proliferation level and cell activity,respectively.Downstream of COL4A2 was identified by Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The effects of the COL4A2 and AKT pathways on THCA tumor growth in vivo were determined using a mouse model.Results:Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that COL4A2 plays a significant role in cancer and that the AKT pathway is downstream of COL4A2.THCA patients with high COL4A2 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival.Upregulation of COL4A2 gene expression in 2 THCA cell lines promoted tumor cell growth and activity.The use of AKT pathway blockers also restrained the growth and activity of the 2 THCA cell lines.The use of AKT pathway blockers reduced tumor volume and mass and prolonged mouse survival.Conclusions:COL4A2 can promote the growth as well as development of THCA through the AKT pathway and COL4A2 could be used as a target for THCA.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275171)the Basic Research Operating Expenses of the Institute of Meteorological Sciences,CMA(Grant No.2023Z019)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0801304)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team Fund(Grant No.CMA2024QN05)a Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Bureau Project(Grant No.D202201)Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment Projects(Grant Nos.2022SYIAEJY13 and 2018SYIAEZD5).
文摘The Northeast China Cold Vortex(NCCV)is a common cut-off low-pressure system in Northeast China,frequently causing localized heavy rainfall,strong winds,and thunderstorms during the early summer.In this study,the clear-sky radiance of 48 longwave channels from the FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)is assimilated into the China Meteorological Administration mesoscale model(CMA-MESO)to evaluate its impact on NCCV development and its effects on rainfall forecasting.The results show that after assimilating the GIIRS radiance data,the warm center at 200 hPa and the cold center at 850 hPa of the NCCV are strengthened,and the dry intrusion at 850 hPa becomes more pronounced.This leads to a stronger NCCV intensity in the following 24 hours and brings the precipitation intensity and area closer to the observation,resulting in significant improvements compared to the experiments that do not assimilate GIIRS radiance data.Furthermore,it is found that the enhancement of the precipitation forecast is associated with the strengthening of cold air in the middle and lower troposphere,which intensifies the uplift of the warm,moist airflow.These results highlight the potential value of GIIRS data assimilation in enhancing early warnings and forecasts of extreme weather events influenced by the NCCV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants(Nos.41473122,41173113,52261145693 and 22106028)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(MOST)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-19-020A1)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730216).
文摘Arsenic and cadmium contamination frequently coexist in the real environment.However it remains a challenge for their simultaneous removal due to their distinct physicochemica properties at low cost.To this end,a cost-effective magnetic biochar adsorbent (ITBNa800was prepared using biomass waste and iron tailings slag.This composite adsorbent exhibits excellent performance in the simultaneous removal of aqueous As(Ⅴ) and Cd(Ⅱ) even at high concentrations with removal efficiencies of up to 99.98%and 96.04%,respectively.Electro static action,precipitation,and complexation were adsorption mechanisms.As(Ⅴ) and Cd(Ⅱ were synergistic and competitive adsorption.As(Ⅴ) removal was mainly due to physical and chemical adsorption,and 42.40%-58.59%of As(Ⅴ) had been converted to As(Ⅲ ).Cd(Ⅱ) re moval was mainly due to chemical adsorption.Iron oxide and aluminum oxide in ITBNa800were the keys to As(Ⅴ),As(Ⅲ ),and Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.DFT calculations revealed iron oxide complex As(Ⅴ),As(Ⅲ ),and Cd(Ⅱ) molecular clusters through bidentate binuclear,bidentate binuclear,and monodentate binuclear pathways,respectively.Aluminum oxide complex Cd(Ⅱ) molecular cluster through a bidentate mononuclear pathway.We hope the ITBNa800adsorbent and its involved mechanism could offer inspiration in the simultaneous treat ment of As and Cd pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62403486)。
文摘The highly dynamic nature,strong uncertainty,and coupled multiple safety constraints inherent in carrier aircraft recovery operations pose severe challenges for real-time decision-making.Addressing bolter scenarios,this study proposes an intelligent decision-making framework based on a deep long short-term memory Q-network.This framework transforms the real-time sequencing for bolter recovery problem into a partially observable Markov decision process.It employs a stacked long shortterm memory network to accurately capture the long-range temporal dependencies of bolter event chains and fuel consumption.Furthermore,it integrates a prioritized experience replay training mechanism to construct a safe and adaptive scheduling system capable of millisecond-level real-time decision-making.Experimental demonstrates that,within large-scale mass recovery scenarios,the framework achieves zero safety violations in static environments and maintains a fuel safety violation rate below 10%in dynamic scenarios,with single-step decision times at the millisecond level.The model exhibits strong generalization capability,effectively responding to unforeseen emergent situations—such as multiple bolters and fuel emergencies—without requiring retraining.This provides robust support for efficient carrier-based aircraft recovery operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U2442219Fengyun Satellite Application Pioneer Program(2023)Special Initiative on Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)Applications,the Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-Research Project(D040405)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LZJMZ23D050003。
文摘Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to those of clear sky scenarios.This study presents a novel framework that integrates Bayesian optimization and machine learning approaches to retrieve atmospheric vertical profiles—including temperature,humidity,ozone concentration,cloud fraction,ice water content(IWC),and liquid water content(LWC)—from hyperspectral infrared observations.Specifically,a Bayesian method was used to refine ERA5 reanalysis data by minimizing brightness temperature(BT)discrepancies against FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)observations,generating a high-quality profile database(~2.8 million profiles)across diverse weather systems.The optimized profiles improve radiative consistency,reducing BT biases from>40 K to<10 K in cloudy regions.To further overcome the limitations of the Bayesian method,we developed a Transformer-Resnet hybrid model(TERNet),which achieved superior performance with RMSE values of 1.61 K(temperature),5.77%(humidity),and 2.25×10^(–6)/6.09×10^(–6)kg kg^(–1)(IWC/LWC)across the entire vertical levels in all-sky conditions.The TERNet outperforms both ERA5 in cloud parameter retrieval and the GIIRS L2 product in thermodynamic profiling.Independent verification with radiosonde and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO)datasets confirms the framework's reliability across various meteorological regimes.This work demonstrates the capability of combining physics-informed Bayesian methods with data-driven machine learning to fully exploit hyperspectral IR data.
基金supported by the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province under Grant No.2023BAA009the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22105162)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023AFB623)the Original Exploration Seed Fund of Hubei University。
文摘Next-generation fire safety systems demand precise detection and motion recognition of flames.In-sensor computing,which integrates sensing,memory,and processing capabilities,has emerged as a key technology in flame detection.However,the implementation of hardware-level functional demonstrations based on artificial vision systems in the solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)band(200-280 nm)is hindered by the weak detection capability.Here,we propose Ga_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunctions for the ferroelectric(abbreviation:Fe)optoelectronic sensor(abbreviation:OES)array(5×5 pixels),which is capable of ultraweak UV light detection with an ultrahigh detectivity through ferroelectric regulation and features in configurable multimode functionality.The Fe-OES array can directly sense different flame motions and simulate the non-spiking gradient neurons of insect visual system.Moreover,the flame signal can be effectively amplified in combination with leaky integration-and-fire neuron hardware.Using this Fe-OES system and neuromorphic hardware,we successfully demonstrate three flame processing tasks:achieving efficient flame detection across all time periods with terminal and cloud-based alarms;flame motion recognition with a lightweight convolutional neural network achieving 96.47%accuracy;and flame light recognition with 90.51%accuracy by means of a photosensitive artificial neural system.This work provides effective tools and approaches for addressing a variety of complex flame detection tasks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571080)。
文摘Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have recently attracted increasing research interest due to their unparalleled safety,fantastic cost competitiveness and promising capacity advantages compared with the commercial lithium ion batteries.However,the disputed energy storage mechanism has been a confusing issue restraining the development of ZIBs.Although a lot of efforts have been dedicated to the exploration in battery chemistry,a comprehensive review that focuses on summarizing the energy storage mechanisms of ZIBs is needed.Herein,the energy storage mechanisms of aqueous rechargeable ZIBs are systematically reviewed in detail and summarized as four types,which are traditional Zn^(2+)insertion chemistry,dual ions co-insertion,chemical conversion reaction and coordination reaction of Zn^(2+)with organic cathodes.Furthermore,the promising exploration directions and rational prospects are also proposed in this review.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CBA01804)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41425003 and 41401079)+2 种基金the State Oceanic Administration of the People’s Republic of China Project on Climate in Polar Regions(Grant No.CHINARE2016-2020)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJZD-EW-G03)the Opening Founding of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences(Grant No.SKLCS-OP-2016-03)
文摘Changes in the form of precipitation have a considerable impact on the Arctic cryosphere and ecological system by influencing the energy balance and surface runoff. In this study, station observations and ERA-Interim data were used to analyze changes in the rainfall to precipitation ratio（RPR） in northern Canada during the spring–summer season（March–July）from 1979–2015. Our results indicate that ERA-Interim describes the spring–summer variations and trends in temperature and the RPR well. Both the spring–summer mean temperature [0.4℃–1℃（10 yr）^（-1）] and the RPR [2%–6%（10 yr）^（-1）] increased significantly in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1979–2015. Moreover, we suggest that, aside from the contribution of climate warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation is probably another key factor influencing temporal and spatial differences in the RPR over northern Canada.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFB0305100)
文摘The effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of a high-manganese(Mn)austenitic steel was investigated via electron-backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and tensile and impact tests at 25°C and-196°C.The Hall–Petch strengthening coefficients for the yield strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels were 7.08 MPa mm 0.5 at 25°C,which increased to 14 MPa mm 0.5 at-196°C.The effect that the grain boundary strengthening had on improving the yield strength at-196°C was better than that at 25°C.The impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were enhanced with the increased grain size at 25°C,while they remained nearly unchanged at-196°C.The unchanged impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were primarily attributed to the emergence of the micro-twin at-196°C,which promoted the cleavage fracture in the steels with large-sized grains.Refining the grain size could improve the strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels without impairing their ductility and toughness at low temperature.
基金the National Naturel Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974016 and 51204012)for financial support.
文摘In this work,sodium dicyanamide(SD)was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery,and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated.A gold recovery of 34.8%was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t.In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide(PF)in the SD solution,the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8%to 57.08%.Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)technique,the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied.The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L,and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm^(–2)·min^(–1) when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD.The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry,which indicated that Au and(N(CN)2)–in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions,[AuNax(N(CN)2)x+2]–(x=1,2,3,or 4).
基金the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Engineering Physics(NSAF)(No.U2030109)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075129)。
文摘Low-pressure air plasma cleaning is an effective method for removing organic contaminants on large-aperture optical components in situ in the inertial confinement fusion facility.Chemical reactions play a significant role in plasma cleaning,which is a complex process involving abundant bond cleavage and species generation.In this work,experiments and reactive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to unravel the reaction mechanism between the benchmark organic contaminants of dibutyl phthalate and air plasma.The optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the overall evolution behaviors of excited molecular species and radical signals from air plasma as a reference to simulations.Detailed reaction pathways were revealed and characterized,and specific intermediate radicals and products were analyzed during experiments and simulation.The reactive species in the air plasma,such as O,HO_(2)and O_(3)radicals,played a crucial role in cleaving organic molecular structures.Together,our findings provide an atomic-level understanding of complex reaction processes of low-pressure air plasma cleaning mechanisms and are essential for its application in industrial plasma cleaning.
文摘Soy whey(SW)is generated as process waste while preparing soy protein isolates(SPI),and causing severe environmental pollution.Therefore,its value-added utilization is of prime importance for transforming and upgrading traditional industry.This study aims to utilize SW as a substrate for the growth of probiotics and produce a SW based synbiotics.By a series of trials,the effect of the dietary supplementation with this fermented SW(FSW)was analyzed on ICR mice's body weight,metabolites,and intestinal microbiota in 4 weeks.The results showed that,when SW was concentrated 15 times,the count of viable Lactobacillus casei reached 3.4×10^(9) CFU/mL by liquid fermentation method,which was the highest viable cell count among all test strains.In this FSW,the protein,amino acid,total dietary fibre,soluble dietary fibre,and oligosaccharide were 2.10%,1.63%,0.52%,0.51% and 0.79%,respectively.Compared to two control group,the total yields of the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were significantly improved(75%-125% at average),while the SCFAs structure was also significantly changed(especially acetic acid and butyrate)in the faeces of mice fed FSW.Meanwhile,FSW dietary addition was associated with the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota.Obviously,with mice's body weight loss,Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio reduced accordingly(<1.21),and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly increased(the maximum amount was about 0.013%).In summary,our results indicated that the dietary supplementation of FSW affected mice's intestinal microbiota and metabolism and improved their health profile.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2016ZX05034001-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072132,41202104,and 41572131)the China Geological Survey Projects(Nos.DD20190103 and DD20190711)。
文摘The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous is still controversial.Integrating the apatite fission track(AFT)data in both this study and previous works,a three-stage exhumation history from Cretaceous to Neogene of the DQS is proposed.(1)The first stage is composed of the early exhumation during Early Cretaceous driven by the collision between the North China and Siberia cratons(ca.148-132 Ma)and the far-field effect of the subduction of the Pacific Plate(ca.132-114 Ma).(2)Due to the subsidence of the Hetao Basin and the subsequent compensation between the DQS and the Hetao Basin,the DQS experienced the second rapid exhumation from Early Eocene to Early Oligocene(ca.54-29 Ma).(3)Since the Late Miocene(ca.13.5 Ma),the third rapid cooling and exhumation of the DQS occurred due to the far-field effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the subduction of the Pacific Plate.
文摘BACKGROUND： Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells has been widely used to study the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in Parkinson＇s disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To establish rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells, and to investigate the possible action pathways to rotenone-induced neural cell injury at the protein level. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A controlled proteomics study was performed at the Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University between March 2006 and March 2007. MATERIALS： PC 12 cells were obtained from Shanghai Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Rotenone was provided by Sigma, USA. METHODS： PC 12 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated under experimental and control conditions, respectively. A total of 0.5 μmol/L rotenone, or the same amount of Dulbecco＇s modified eagle＇s medium （DMEM）, was added in the experimental and control conditions, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following 72 hours of rotenone treatment, cellular survival rate was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and apoptotic changes were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining. Total cellular protein was extracted to acquire differential protein expression data utilizing two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. To identify differential protein spots, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） was used. RESULTS： In the MTT assay, the experimental condition induced significantly less cell survival compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）. Hoechst 33342 staining revealed a larger number of apoptotic cells under the experimental condition compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）, as determined by the presence of nuclear condensation, pyknosis, and nuclear fragmentation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis results showed that the differential expression of protein spots 1069 and 1538 was increased by 144% and 124%, respectively, while that of protein spot 1094 was decreased by 123% in the experimental condition compared to the control condition （P 〈 0.01）. By MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and database retrieval, γ-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A were confirmed to be involved in rotenone-induced neural cell injury. CONCLUSION： γ-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A might participate in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21403099)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.145RJZA193)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology Funder not found in database.Please check!(No.SKLAB02014005)
文摘Flower-like Ni3P2O8 and flower-like Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O have been successfully synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal an amorphous phase formation of nickel phosphate (Ni3P2O8) and pure monoclinic phase of Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O. The novel flower-like Ni3P2O8 and flower-like Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O when used for supercapacitor electrode materials exhibit a high specific capacitance (C-m) of 1464 F/g and 200 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, respectively. Eventually, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using Ni3P2O8 as positive electrode and Fe3P2O8 center dot 8H(2)O as negative electrode. A high specific capacitance of 94 F/g is achieved in the high-voltage region of 0 similar to 1.6V, and a large energy density of 32.6 Wh/kg is delivered at power density of 420 W/kg. The findings demonstrate the important and great potential of developing metal phosphate based materials for supercapacitors. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
文摘Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the incidence continues to increase,so the mechanisms related to effective targets is necessary to improve the survival.This study was to preliminarily investigate the effects of the COL4A2 gene on the regulation of thyroid cancer(THCA)cell proliferation and the associated pathways.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL4A2 was closely associated with cancer development.COL4A2 expression in THCA tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival information was determined via Kaplan-Meier curves.The expression of COL4A2 and AKT pathway-related genes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot analyses.Colony formation as well as CCK-8 assays exhibited the cell proliferation level and cell activity,respectively.Downstream of COL4A2 was identified by Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The effects of the COL4A2 and AKT pathways on THCA tumor growth in vivo were determined using a mouse model.Results:Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that COL4A2 plays a significant role in cancer and that the AKT pathway is downstream of COL4A2.THCA patients with high COL4A2 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival.Upregulation of COL4A2 gene expression in 2 THCA cell lines promoted tumor cell growth and activity.The use of AKT pathway blockers also restrained the growth and activity of the 2 THCA cell lines.The use of AKT pathway blockers reduced tumor volume and mass and prolonged mouse survival.Conclusions:COL4A2 can promote the growth as well as development of THCA through the AKT pathway and COL4A2 could be used as a target for THCA.
