Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a...Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a more compactand flexible manner. Here, we introduce an approach to achieve diverse path entanglement by exploiting the interactionbetween noncommutative metasurfaces and entangled photons. Different from other path entanglements, ourquantum path entanglement is evolution path entanglement of photons on Poincaré sphere. Due to quantum entanglementbetween idler photons and structured signal photons, evolution path of idler photons on the fundamental Poincarésphere can be nonlocally mirrored by structured signal photons on any higher-order Poincaré sphere, resulting in quantumpath entanglement. Benefiting from noncommutative metasurfaces, diverse quantum path entanglement can beswitched across different higher-order Poincaré spheres using distinct combination sequences of metasurfaces. Ourmethod allows for the tuning of diverse quantum path entanglement across a broad spectrum of quantum states, offeringa significant advancement in the manipulation of quantum entanglement.展开更多
Photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)is a fundamental and important optical phenomenon,which originates from the spin-orbit interactions(SOI)of light,forming the cornerstone for a wide range of optical precision measurements...Photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)is a fundamental and important optical phenomenon,which originates from the spin-orbit interactions(SOI)of light,forming the cornerstone for a wide range of optical precision measurements.However,the wave function collapse in the single-photon SHE is unpredictable as spin collapse has inherent randomness governed by the Born rule.Here,nonlocal spin bunching and antibunching of polarization-entangled photon pairs called two-photon SHE is realized to predict and manipulate the wave function collapse,which is fundamentally different from the single-photon SHE.The two-photon SHE is sensitive to the relative phase among entangled photon pairs,enabling continuous control from nonlocal spin bunching to anti-bunching.Owing to the phase sensitivity of the two-photon SHE,an accurate and simple quantitative phase imaging scheme is realized.The two-photon SHE may pave the way for unveiling the wave function evolution in the SOI of light and manipulating spin-dependent photonic quantum effects.展开更多
The photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)in the reflection and refraction at an interface is very weak because of the weak spin-orbit interaction.Here,we report the observation of a giant photonic SHE in a dielectric-based m...The photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)in the reflection and refraction at an interface is very weak because of the weak spin-orbit interaction.Here,we report the observation of a giant photonic SHE in a dielectric-based metamaterial.The metamaterial is structured to create a coordinate-dependent,geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase that results in an SHE with a spin-dependent splitting in momentum space.It is unlike the SHE that occurs in real space in the reflection and refraction at an interface,which results from the momentum-dependent gradient of the geometric Rytov–Vladimirskii–Berry phase.We theorize a unified description of the photonic SHE based on the two types of geometric phase gradient,and we experimentally measure the giant spin-dependent shift of the beam centroid produced by the metamaterial at a visible wavelength.Our results suggest that the structured metamaterial offers a potential method of manipulating spin-polarized photons and the orbital angular momentum of light and thus enables applications in spin-controlled nanophotonics.展开更多
We propose theoretically and verify experimentally a method of combining a q-plate and a spiral phase plate to generate arbitrary vector vortex beams on a hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. We demonstrate that a vecto...We propose theoretically and verify experimentally a method of combining a q-plate and a spiral phase plate to generate arbitrary vector vortex beams on a hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. We demonstrate that a vector vortex beam can be decomposed into a vector beam and a vortex, whereby the generation can be realized by sequentially using a q-plate and a spiral phase plate. The generated vector beam, vortex, and vector vortex beam are verified and show good agreement with the prediction. Another advantage that should be pointed out is that the spiral phase plate and q-plate are both fabricated on silica substrates, suggesting the potential possibility to integrate the two structures on a single plate. Based on a compact method of transmissive-type transformation, our scheme may have potential applications in future integrated optical devices.展开更多
We examine the spin-orbit interaction of light and photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of anisotropic two- dimensional atomic crystals. As an example, the photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of black phospho...We examine the spin-orbit interaction of light and photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of anisotropic two- dimensional atomic crystals. As an example, the photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of black phosphorus is investigated. The photonic spin Hall effect manifests itseff as the spin-dependent beam shifts in both transverse and in-plane directions. We demonstrate that the spin-dependent shifts are sensitive to the orientation of the optical axis, doping concentration, and interband transitions. These results can be extensively extended to other anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals. By incorporating the quantum weak measurement techniques, the photonic spin Hall effect holds great promise for detecting the parameters of anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals.展开更多
The polarization evolution of vector beams(VBs) generated by q-plates is investigated theoretically and experimentally.An analytical model is developed for the VB created by a general quarter-wave q-plate based on vec...The polarization evolution of vector beams(VBs) generated by q-plates is investigated theoretically and experimentally.An analytical model is developed for the VB created by a general quarter-wave q-plate based on vector diffraction theory.It is found that the polarization distribution of VBs varies with position and the value q.In particular,for the incidence of circular polarization,the exit vector vortex beam has polarization states that cover the whole surface of the Poincarésphere,thereby constituting a full Poincarébeam.For the incidence of linear polarization,the VB is not cylindrical but specularly symmetric,and exhibits an azimuthal spin splitting.These results are in sharp contrast with those derived by the commonly used model,i.e.,regarding the incident light as a plane wave.By implementing q-plates with dielectric metasurfaces,further experiments validate the theoretical results.展开更多
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174097).
文摘Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a more compactand flexible manner. Here, we introduce an approach to achieve diverse path entanglement by exploiting the interactionbetween noncommutative metasurfaces and entangled photons. Different from other path entanglements, ourquantum path entanglement is evolution path entanglement of photons on Poincaré sphere. Due to quantum entanglementbetween idler photons and structured signal photons, evolution path of idler photons on the fundamental Poincarésphere can be nonlocally mirrored by structured signal photons on any higher-order Poincaré sphere, resulting in quantumpath entanglement. Benefiting from noncommutative metasurfaces, diverse quantum path entanglement can beswitched across different higher-order Poincaré spheres using distinct combination sequences of metasurfaces. Ourmethod allows for the tuning of diverse quantum path entanglement across a broad spectrum of quantum states, offeringa significant advancement in the manipulation of quantum entanglement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174097)the Yuelu Mountain Industrial Innovation Center(Grant No.2025YCH0131).
文摘Photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)is a fundamental and important optical phenomenon,which originates from the spin-orbit interactions(SOI)of light,forming the cornerstone for a wide range of optical precision measurements.However,the wave function collapse in the single-photon SHE is unpredictable as spin collapse has inherent randomness governed by the Born rule.Here,nonlocal spin bunching and antibunching of polarization-entangled photon pairs called two-photon SHE is realized to predict and manipulate the wave function collapse,which is fundamentally different from the single-photon SHE.The two-photon SHE is sensitive to the relative phase among entangled photon pairs,enabling continuous control from nonlocal spin bunching to anti-bunching.Owing to the phase sensitivity of the two-photon SHE,an accurate and simple quantitative phase imaging scheme is realized.The two-photon SHE may pave the way for unveiling the wave function evolution in the SOI of light and manipulating spin-dependent photonic quantum effects.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11274106,No.11474089 and No.11447010)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M562198)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(Grant No.13B003)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2015JJ3026).
文摘The photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)in the reflection and refraction at an interface is very weak because of the weak spin-orbit interaction.Here,we report the observation of a giant photonic SHE in a dielectric-based metamaterial.The metamaterial is structured to create a coordinate-dependent,geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase that results in an SHE with a spin-dependent splitting in momentum space.It is unlike the SHE that occurs in real space in the reflection and refraction at an interface,which results from the momentum-dependent gradient of the geometric Rytov–Vladimirskii–Berry phase.We theorize a unified description of the photonic SHE based on the two types of geometric phase gradient,and we experimentally measure the giant spin-dependent shift of the beam centroid produced by the metamaterial at a visible wavelength.Our results suggest that the structured metamaterial offers a potential method of manipulating spin-polarized photons and the orbital angular momentum of light and thus enables applications in spin-controlled nanophotonics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11274106,11474089)
文摘We propose theoretically and verify experimentally a method of combining a q-plate and a spiral phase plate to generate arbitrary vector vortex beams on a hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. We demonstrate that a vector vortex beam can be decomposed into a vector beam and a vortex, whereby the generation can be realized by sequentially using a q-plate and a spiral phase plate. The generated vector beam, vortex, and vector vortex beam are verified and show good agreement with the prediction. Another advantage that should be pointed out is that the spiral phase plate and q-plate are both fabricated on silica substrates, suggesting the potential possibility to integrate the two structures on a single plate. Based on a compact method of transmissive-type transformation, our scheme may have potential applications in future integrated optical devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11474089)
文摘We examine the spin-orbit interaction of light and photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of anisotropic two- dimensional atomic crystals. As an example, the photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of black phosphorus is investigated. The photonic spin Hall effect manifests itseff as the spin-dependent beam shifts in both transverse and in-plane directions. We demonstrate that the spin-dependent shifts are sensitive to the orientation of the optical axis, doping concentration, and interband transitions. These results can be extensively extended to other anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals. By incorporating the quantum weak measurement techniques, the photonic spin Hall effect holds great promise for detecting the parameters of anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10904036)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2015JJ3036)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program(2012AA01A301-01)Growth Program for Young Teachers of Hunan UniversityChina Scholarship Council(CSC)([2013]3050)
文摘The polarization evolution of vector beams(VBs) generated by q-plates is investigated theoretically and experimentally.An analytical model is developed for the VB created by a general quarter-wave q-plate based on vector diffraction theory.It is found that the polarization distribution of VBs varies with position and the value q.In particular,for the incidence of circular polarization,the exit vector vortex beam has polarization states that cover the whole surface of the Poincarésphere,thereby constituting a full Poincarébeam.For the incidence of linear polarization,the VB is not cylindrical but specularly symmetric,and exhibits an azimuthal spin splitting.These results are in sharp contrast with those derived by the commonly used model,i.e.,regarding the incident light as a plane wave.By implementing q-plates with dielectric metasurfaces,further experiments validate the theoretical results.
