目的比较新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗不同免疫程序免疫小鼠后诱导的抗体免疫反应,以期为后续新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫策略的制定提供实验依据。方法将新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗按1μg/(只·次)的免疫剂量免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫间隔14 d免疫3针...目的比较新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗不同免疫程序免疫小鼠后诱导的抗体免疫反应,以期为后续新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫策略的制定提供实验依据。方法将新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗按1μg/(只·次)的免疫剂量免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫间隔14 d免疫3针,免疫间隔28 d免疫2针,每次免疫后14 d采血,分离血清,检测针对原型株新型冠状病毒诱导产生的免疫反应。结果新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫间隔14 d 2针免疫后,针对原型株新型冠状病毒诱导产生的中和抗体滴度极显著低于3针免疫后(P<0.0001);免疫间隔28 d 2针免疫后14 d诱导产生的中和抗体几何平均滴度显著高于免疫间隔14 d 2针免疫后14 d(P<0.05);灭活疫苗免疫血清诱导产生的针对原型株新型冠状病毒的中和抗体滴度显著高于Beta和Delta新型冠状病毒变异株(P均<0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗3针免疫能极大程度提高诱导产生的保护性抗体免疫反应,免疫间隔28 d诱导产生的免疫反应优于免疫间隔14 d;灭活疫苗免疫血清也能中和变异株新型冠状病毒。展开更多
As a huge,intense,and elevated atmospheric heat source(AHS) approaching the mid-troposphere in spring and summer,the Tibetan Plateau(TP) thermal forcing is perceived as an important factor contributing to the formatio...As a huge,intense,and elevated atmospheric heat source(AHS) approaching the mid-troposphere in spring and summer,the Tibetan Plateau(TP) thermal forcing is perceived as an important factor contributing to the formation and variation of the Asian summer monsoon.Despite numerous studies devoted to determine the strength and change of the thermal forcing of the TP on the basis of various data sources and methods,uncertainties remain in quantitative estimation of the AHS and will persist for the following reasons:(1) Routine meteorological stations cover only limited regions and show remarkable spatial inhomogeneity with most distributed in the central and eastern plateau.Moreover,all of these stations are situated at an altitude below 5000 m.Thus,the large area above that elevation is not included in the data.(2) Direct observations on heat fluxes do not exist at most stations,and the sensible heat flux(SHF) is calculated by the bulk formula,in which the drag coefficient for heat is often treated as an empirical constant without considering atmospheric stability and thermal roughness length.(3) Radiation flux derived by satellite remote sensing shows a large discrepancy in the algorithm in data inversion and complex terrain.(4) In reanalysis data,besides the rare observational records employed for data assimilation,model bias in physical processes induces visible errors in producing the diabatic heating fields.展开更多
文摘目的比较新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗不同免疫程序免疫小鼠后诱导的抗体免疫反应,以期为后续新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫策略的制定提供实验依据。方法将新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗按1μg/(只·次)的免疫剂量免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫间隔14 d免疫3针,免疫间隔28 d免疫2针,每次免疫后14 d采血,分离血清,检测针对原型株新型冠状病毒诱导产生的免疫反应。结果新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫间隔14 d 2针免疫后,针对原型株新型冠状病毒诱导产生的中和抗体滴度极显著低于3针免疫后(P<0.0001);免疫间隔28 d 2针免疫后14 d诱导产生的中和抗体几何平均滴度显著高于免疫间隔14 d 2针免疫后14 d(P<0.05);灭活疫苗免疫血清诱导产生的针对原型株新型冠状病毒的中和抗体滴度显著高于Beta和Delta新型冠状病毒变异株(P均<0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗3针免疫能极大程度提高诱导产生的保护性抗体免疫反应,免疫间隔28 d诱导产生的免疫反应优于免疫间隔14 d;灭活疫苗免疫血清也能中和变异株新型冠状病毒。
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 91337216 and 41175070)and the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education (Grant KLME1309)
文摘As a huge,intense,and elevated atmospheric heat source(AHS) approaching the mid-troposphere in spring and summer,the Tibetan Plateau(TP) thermal forcing is perceived as an important factor contributing to the formation and variation of the Asian summer monsoon.Despite numerous studies devoted to determine the strength and change of the thermal forcing of the TP on the basis of various data sources and methods,uncertainties remain in quantitative estimation of the AHS and will persist for the following reasons:(1) Routine meteorological stations cover only limited regions and show remarkable spatial inhomogeneity with most distributed in the central and eastern plateau.Moreover,all of these stations are situated at an altitude below 5000 m.Thus,the large area above that elevation is not included in the data.(2) Direct observations on heat fluxes do not exist at most stations,and the sensible heat flux(SHF) is calculated by the bulk formula,in which the drag coefficient for heat is often treated as an empirical constant without considering atmospheric stability and thermal roughness length.(3) Radiation flux derived by satellite remote sensing shows a large discrepancy in the algorithm in data inversion and complex terrain.(4) In reanalysis data,besides the rare observational records employed for data assimilation,model bias in physical processes induces visible errors in producing the diabatic heating fields.
