The endothelium modulates vascular homeostasis owing to a variety of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.Endothelial dysfunction(ED),characterized by impaired vasodilation,inflammation,and thrombosis,triggers future car...The endothelium modulates vascular homeostasis owing to a variety of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.Endothelial dysfunction(ED),characterized by impaired vasodilation,inflammation,and thrombosis,triggers future cardiovascular(CV)diseases.Chronic kidney disease,a state of chronic inflammation caused by oxidative stress,metabolic abnormalities,infection,and uremic toxins damages the endothelium.ED is also associated with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate.After kidney transplantation,endothelial functions undergo immediate but partial restoration,promising graft longevity and enhanced CV health.However,the anticipated CV outcomes do not happen due to various transplant-related and unrelated risk factors for ED,culminating in poor CV health and graft survival.ED in kidney transplant recipients is an underrecognized and poorly studied entity.CV diseases are the leading cause of death among kidney transplant candidates with functioning grafts.ED contributes to the pathogenesis of many of the CV diseases.Various biomarkers and vasoreactivity tests are available to study endothelial functions.With an increasing number of transplants happening every year,and improved graft rejection rates due to the availability of effective immunosuppressants,the focus has now shifted to endothelial protection for the prevention,early recognition,and treatment of CV diseases.展开更多
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage kidney disease(ESKD)worldwide.While both haemodialysis(HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD)are commonly used treatment options for ESKD,the choice of...Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage kidney disease(ESKD)worldwide.While both haemodialysis(HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD)are commonly used treatment options for ESKD,the choice of dialysis modality in diabetic ESKD patients remains a critical decision influenced by various patient-related,healthcare system,and socio-economic factors.This article examines the factors influencing the selection of dialysis modalities for diabetic patients,with a focus on the challenges and opportunities in low-resource settings.Key considerations include the impact of comorbidities such as peripheral arterial disease and CKD-related mineral bone disorder(MBD),as well as patient preferences,caregiver burden,and the availability of healthcare infrastructure.The article highlights the need for personalized approaches to dialysis selection,considering both clinical outcomes and quality of life.It also emphasizes the potential benefits of home dialysis,including home HD and PD,in improving patient autonomy and long-term survival.The article advocates for better government policies,increased awareness,and improved support systems to enhance the accessibility and efficacy of dialysis treatments,particularly in underserved populations.Further research comparing the outcomes of different dialysis modalities across diverse settings is essential to guide global treatment strategies for diabetic ESKD patients.展开更多
Recombinant technology-based vaccines have emerged as a highly effective way to prevent a wide range of illnesses.The technology improved vaccine manufacturing,rendering it more efficient and economical.These vaccines...Recombinant technology-based vaccines have emerged as a highly effective way to prevent a wide range of illnesses.The technology improved vaccine manufacturing,rendering it more efficient and economical.These vaccines have multiple advantages compared to conventional vaccines.The pandemic has heightened awareness of the advantages of these vaccine technologies;trust and acceptance of these vaccines are steadily growing globally.This work offers an overview of the prospects and advantages associated with recombinant vaccines.Additionally,it discusses some of the challenges likely to arise in the future.Their ability to target diverse pathogen classes underscores their contributions to preventing previously untreatable diseases(especially vector-borne and emerging diseases)and hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these vaccines.Moreover,their compatibility with emerging vaccination platforms of the future like virus-like particles and CRISPR/Cas9 for the production of next-generation vaccines may offer many prospects.This review also reviewed the hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these vaccines against vector-borne diseases,emerging diseases,and untreatable diseases with high mortality rates like AIDS as well as cancer.展开更多
Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.P...Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.Pumpkin seeds are valuable source protein which can help in eradicating protein malnutrition and lipids(rich in PUFAs)contains essential as well as non essential fatty acids which prevents from various ailments like cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.Since,seeds of pumpkin are abundant in macro(magnesium,phosphorous,potassium,sodium and calcium)and micro minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium),they can be used as an incredible dietary supplement which in turn helps in curbing various deficiency disorders.This review enlightens the characteristics of pumpkin seeds,process of valorization of pumpkin seeds and the effect of processing on their nutritional composition which have been studied currently with the aim to use this wonder seeds for human wellbeing.Pumpkin seeds possess many bioactive compounds like polyphenols,flavonoids,phytosterols and squalene which makes it a lucrative raw material for pharmacological and food industries.Pumpkin seeds work as anti-depressant and helps majorly in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BHP).Daily consumption of pumpkin seeds can reduce the chances of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Pumpkin seeds are rich in tocopherols and can be used for oil extraction for edible purposes and utilized in other food formulations for future use.展开更多
Rationale:Transmitted to humans via the Aedes mosquito,Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)is associated with multi-system complications,sometimes collectively referred to as“atypical features.”However,a disorder of the nervous...Rationale:Transmitted to humans via the Aedes mosquito,Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)is associated with multi-system complications,sometimes collectively referred to as“atypical features.”However,a disorder of the nervous system appears to be the most common severe complication of CHIKV infection.Patient’s Concern:A seventy-five-year-old patient from India presented to the hospital with fever,chills,rigors,and multiple joint pains for which he was worked up.Diagnosis:CHIKV encephalitis.Interventions:The patient was treated initially on supportive therapy with antipyretics,intravenous fluids;however,during his hospital stay,the patient had altered sensorium during which he was managed in the intensive care unit;required mechanical ventilation.Outcomes:The patient sccumbed to his illness.Lessons:Treating clinicians should keep CHIKV disease in the differential diagnosis in cases of febrile exanthems associated with disabling arthritis,especially in a CHIKV-endemic country like India.展开更多
N-doped mesoporous alumina has been synthesized using chitosan as the biopolymer template. The adsorbent has been thoroughly investigated for the adsorption of CO2 from a simulated flue gas stream （15% CO2 balanced w...N-doped mesoporous alumina has been synthesized using chitosan as the biopolymer template. The adsorbent has been thoroughly investigated for the adsorption of CO2 from a simulated flue gas stream （15% CO2 balanced with N2） and compared with commercially available mesoporous alumina procured from SASOL, Germany. CO2 adsorption was studied under different conditions of pre- treatment and adsorption temperature, inlet CO2 concentration and in the presence of oxygen and moisture. The adsorption capacity was determined to be 29.4 nag CO2/g of adsorbent at 55℃. This value was observed to be 4 times higher in comparison to that of commercial mesoporous alumina at a temperature of 55℃. Basicity of alumina surface coupled with the presence of nitrogen in template in synthesized sample is responsible for this enhanced CO2 adsorption. Adsorption capacity for CO2 was retained in the presence of oxygen; however moisture had a deteriorating effect on the adsorption capacity reducing it to nearly half the value.展开更多
Modal analysis of engg. structure for comprehending/resolving the vibration related issues/problems are well known. Two classical techniques-analytical (Finite Element Method-FEM) and experimental (Impact testing/Natu...Modal analysis of engg. structure for comprehending/resolving the vibration related issues/problems are well known. Two classical techniques-analytical (Finite Element Method-FEM) and experimental (Impact testing/Natural Frequency Test-NFT/Bump test) are generally used as complementary as well as stand-alone depending on the time, nature of structure, availability of the analysis tools, cost etc. In the present study, experimental technique was used in mitigating the endwinding vibration problem of a turbogenerator. In one of the Turbogenerators of 50 Hz variant, an increasing vibration trend was observed with system frequency sweep in almost whole of the endwinding basket particularly more on exciter end during sustained short / open circuit conditional runs. Experimental modal analysis was carried out of the overhangs. Frequency response functions (FRFs) were generated in local and global modes. The analysis thereon indicated global resonance of stator overhangs. Accordingly, appropriate remedial measures were planned and implemented. Consequently, global resonance frequency was shifted to higher zone, which in turn, resulted into substantial reduction in endwinding vibration levels.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy using intraperitoneal(IP)treatment has demonstrated survival benefit over intravenous(IV)therapy alone in patients treated with upfront debulking surgery for advanced stage ovarian can...BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy using intraperitoneal(IP)treatment has demonstrated survival benefit over intravenous(IV)therapy alone in patients treated with upfront debulking surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interim surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy has similar outcome in survival as compared to upfront surgery followed by adjuvant IV chemotherapy.IP chemotherapy has not been widely adopted in clinical practice for a number of reasons.Whether IP chemotherapy delivered in the patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be well tolerated or confers any clinical benefit has not been well studied.AIM To evaluate the experience of adjuvant IP chemotherapy in the community cancer clinic setting,and the clinical benefit and tolerability of incorporating IP chemotherapy in patients who received neoadjuvant treatment.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated toxicities and outcomes of patients with stage III and IV ovarian cancer diagnosed at our institution between 07/2007 and 07/2015 who received intraperitoneal chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery(group 1)or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interim surgery(group 2).RESULTS Thirty eight patients were treated with IP chemotherapy,median age was 54 years old(range 38.6 to 71 years).In group 1(n=25),12(48%)of the patients completed 4 or more cycle of IP treatment after upfront debulking surgery;while in group 2(n=13),8(61.5%)of the patients completed all 3 cycles of the assigned IP chemotherapy after receiving neoadjuvant IV chemotherapy followed by surgery,and 2(15.4%)more patients tolerated more than 3 cycles.In those patients who did not get planned IP chemotherapy,most of them were treated with substitutional IV chemotherapy,and the completion rate for 6 cycles of IV+IP was 92%.Abdominal pain,(64%in group 1 and 38%in group 2),vomiting,(36%in group 1 and 30.8%in group 2),dehydration(16%in group 1 and 15.4%in group 2),and hypomagnesemia(12%in group 1 and 15.4%in group 2)were the most common adverse effects in all patients,while patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to get hypokalemia,fatigue and renal insufficiency.Progression free survival(PFS)was 26.5 mo(95%CI 14.9,38.0)in group 1 and 27.6 mo(95%CI 13.1,42.1)in group 2.The overall survival was 100.2 mo(95%CI 67.9,132.5)for group 1 and 68.2 mo(95%CI 32.2,104.0)for group 2.For the entire cohort,PFS was 26.5 mo(95%CI 15.9,37.0)and OS was 78.8 mo(95%CI 52.3,105.4).CONCLUSION The use of IP/IV chemotherapy can be safely administrated in the community cancer clinic setting.The use of IP/IV chemotherapy in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is feasible and tolerable.Despite various modification of the IP regimen,incorporation of IP chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting appears to be associated with improved PFS and overall survival.展开更多
This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions....This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids （apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin）, alkaloids （asteracanthine and asteracanthicine）, triterpenes （lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin）, sterols （stigmasterol and asterol）, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti- endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.展开更多
The world is facing a new healthcare crisis with the rise and spread of novel coronavirus since December 2019.Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the disease associated with SARS...The world is facing a new healthcare crisis with the rise and spread of novel coronavirus since December 2019.Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the disease associated with SARSCoV-2 is even called COVID-19.COVID-19 is having a pulverizing impact on the scientific community.As of August 13,2020,the number of confirmed cases had reached up to 20,439,814 and the death toll to 744,385,affecting more than 188 territories across the globe.In these difficult times,the world is looking towards research and clinical work from different scientific communities to lead the way to a solution to the issue.In this review,we are focusing on COVID-19 emergence,pathogenicity,and existence in humans,as well as the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism and its similarities to previous coronavirus strains.展开更多
In this paper, we suggest a new type of three step iterative scheme called the CR iterative scheme and study the strong convergence of this iterative scheme for a certain class of quasi-contractive operators in Banach...In this paper, we suggest a new type of three step iterative scheme called the CR iterative scheme and study the strong convergence of this iterative scheme for a certain class of quasi-contractive operators in Banach spaces. We show that for the aforementioned class of operators, the CR iterative scheme is equivalent to and faster than Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Agarwal et al., Noor and SP iterative schemes. Moreover, we also present various numerical examples using computer programming in C++ for the CR iterative scheme to compare it with the other above mentioned iterative schemes. Our results show that as far as the rate of convergence is concerned 1) for increasing functions the CR iterative scheme is best, while for decreasing functions the SP iterative scheme is best;2) CR iterative scheme is best for a certain class of quasi-contractive operators.展开更多
Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,...Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,if given within the correct window period post laser therapy.展开更多
Terahertz(THz)microscopy has attracted attention owing to distinctive characteristics of the THz frequency region,particularly non-ionizing photon energy,spectral fingerprint,and transparency to most nonpolar material...Terahertz(THz)microscopy has attracted attention owing to distinctive characteristics of the THz frequency region,particularly non-ionizing photon energy,spectral fingerprint,and transparency to most nonpolar materials.Nevertheless,the well-known Rayleigh diffraction limit imposed on THz waves commonly constrains the resultant imaging resolution to values beyond the millimeter scale,consequently limiting the applicability in numerous emerging applications for chemical sensing and complex media imaging.In this theoretical and numerical work,we address this challenge by introducing,to our knowledge,a new imaging approach based on acquiring high-spatial frequencies by adapting the Fourier synthetic aperture approach to the THz spectral range,thus surpassing the diffractionlimited resolution.Our methodology combines multi-angle THz pulsed illumination with time-resolved field measurements,as enabled by the state-of-the-art time-domain spectroscopy technique.We demonstrate the potential of the approach for hyperspectral THz imaging of semi-transparent samples and show that the technique can reconstruct spatial and temporal features of complex inhomogeneous samples with subwavelength resolution.展开更多
Purpose:Non-operative management(NOM)has been validated for blunt liver and splenic injuries.Literature on continuous intra-abdominal pressure(IAP)monitoring as a part of NOM remains to be equivocal.The study aimed to...Purpose:Non-operative management(NOM)has been validated for blunt liver and splenic injuries.Literature on continuous intra-abdominal pressure(IAP)monitoring as a part of NOM remains to be equivocal.The study aimed to find any correlation between clinical parameters and IAP,and their effect on the NOM of patients with blunt liver and splenic injury.Method:A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a level I trauma center from October 2018 to January 2020 including 174 patients who underwent NOM following blunt liver and splenic injuries.Hemodynamically unstable patients or those on ventilators were excluded,as well as patients who suffered significant head,spinal cord,and/or bladder injuries.The study predominantly included males(83.9%)with a mean age of 32.5 years.IAP was monitored continuously and the relation of IAP with various parameters,interventions,and outcomes were measured.Data were summarized as frequency(percentage)or mean±SD or median(Q1,Q3)as indicated.χ2 or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables,while for continuous variables parametric(independent t-test)or nonparametric tests(Wilcoxon rank sum test)were used as appropriate.Clinical and laboratory correlates of IAP<12 with p<0.200 in the univariable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable analysis.A p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.Results:Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH)was seen in 19.0%of the study population.IAH was strongly associated with a high injury severity score(p<0.001),and other physiological parameters like respiratory rate(p<0.001),change in abdominal girth(AG)(p<0.001),and serum creatinine(p<0.001).IAH along with the number of solid organs involved,respiratory rate,change in AG,and serum creatinine was associated with the intervention,either operative or non-operative(p=0.001,p=0.002,p<0.001,p<0.001,p=0.013,respectively).On multivariable analysis,IAP(p=0.006)and the mean change of AG(p=0.004)were significantly associated with the need for intervention.Conclusion:As a part of NOM,IAP should be monitored as a continuous vital.However,the decision for any intervention,either operative or non-operative cannot be guided by IAP values alone.展开更多
The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15...The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15 days laboratory acclimatized fish(141)g;(111)cm were randomly distributed in 10 groups-C(control),S1,S2,S3,A1,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3,based on the composition of the dietary supplements.Each group had 10 specimens(n=10),and the experiment was performed in triplicate.Elevated final body weight(FBW)was observed in all groups except S1 after 60 days,and weight gain percentage(WG%)showed a significant increase in all groups except S1 after both 30 and 60 days of the sampling periods with a significance level of P<0.05.In contrast,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)significantly(P<0.05)decreased in all experimental groups,except S1,as compared to the control,after 60 days of sampling duration.The hepatosomatic index(HSI%)significantly(P<0.05)increased in groups-S3,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3;while the viscerosomatic index(VSI%)also significantly(P<0.05)enhanced in groups-A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3 as compared to C.Significant(P<0.05)elevations in activities of both trypsin and chymotrypsin,after both the sampling durations were recorded;the maximum being in AS3 as 3.47 and 2.06-fold,respectively,after 60 days,suggests greater protein digestibility.The qRT-PCR analysis displays an up-regulation of growth-related genes-gh,igf-1,and igf-2a,both in the liver and muscle tissues.Also,gh showed greater expression at transcriptional levels in liver tissues(4.86)-fold than muscle tissues(4.43)-fold in AS3;whereas igf-1 and igf-2a were significantly(P<0.05)upregulated in the muscles of AS2 and AS3 as compared to C.Further,significantly(P<0.05)increased expression of the transforming growth factor-β(tgf-β)in liver tissues was recorded in groups-AS1,AS2,and AS3,as compared to C,suggesting the immunoprotective role of combined dietary supplements.The study envisages that 3%dietary supplementation with both herbs(AS3)sufficiently influences the activities of digestive enzymes,growth indices,and mRNA levels of growth-related and immunoprotective genes in the fish.The study thus finds ample scope in aquaculture.展开更多
Environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change due to excessive fossil fuel burning;plastic pollution and wastewater contamination are a cause of global concern.Bacteria have the ability to not only uti...Environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change due to excessive fossil fuel burning;plastic pollution and wastewater contamination are a cause of global concern.Bacteria have the ability to not only utilize organic contaminants present in wastewater,but also to synthesize bioproducts such as fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs),the primary molecules in biodiesel and Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs)or bioplastics.The present study aims to investigate production of FAMEs and PHA along with biodegradation of wastewater contaminants by sewage sludge bacteria.Screening of sewage sludge bacteria was done for their lipid/PHA accumulation potential in filter sterilized wastewater by viable colony,fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry methods using nile red staining.For characterization of bacterial FAME and PHA,cultures were subjected to in situ transesterification and analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A previously reported thermotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus sp.ISTVK1,that showed promising results was further tested for its the potential to produce FAME/PHA along with wastewater contaminant removal by performing physico-chemical analyses,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDX)spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The analysis showed the presence of C_(15−18)FAMEs such as Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester and Tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl ester and PHA such as Pentanoic acid,4-oxo,methyl ester.Physico-chemical analysis of culture supernatant revealed a 92%reduction in COD and the absence of contaminants such as Benzene,1,1’-(2-pentene-1,5-diyl)bis(R.T.=25.42)and 5-(1-Phenyl-cyclopentyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-(R.T.=27.75)from post-treated samples.Results of SEM-EDX and TEM further confirmed bacterial lipid/PHA accumulation and contaminant reduction post-treatment.The potential of the thermotolerant Bacillus sp.ISTVK1 for biodiesel and biopolymer production along with wastewater contaminant removal,as revealed in this study could have future implications in various thermal and polymer industries and wastewater valorization technologies.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)impacts over 3.17 million Americans.Management of hemorrhage and coagulation caused by vascular disruption after TBI is critical for the recovery of patients.Cerebrovascular pathologies play...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)impacts over 3.17 million Americans.Management of hemorrhage and coagulation caused by vascular disruption after TBI is critical for the recovery of patients.Cerebrovascular pathologies play an important role in the underlying mechanisms of TBI.The objective of this study is to evaluate a novel regenerative medicine for the injured tissue after brain injury.We utilized a recently described synthetic growth factor with angiogenic potential to facilitate vascular growth in situ at the injury site.Previous work has shown how this injectable self-assembling peptide-based hydrogel(SAPH)creates a regenerative microenvironment for neovascularization at the injury site.Supramolecular assembly allows for thixotropy;the injectable drug delivery system provides sustained in vivo efficacy.In this study,a moderate blunt injury model was used to cause physical vascular damage and hemorrhage.The angiogenic SAPH was then applied directly on the injured rat brain.At day 7 post-TBI,significantly more blood vessels were observed than the sham and injury control group,as well as activation of VEGF-receptor 2,demonstrating the robust angiogenic response elicited by the angiogenic SAPH.Vascular markers von-Willebrand factor(vWF)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)showed a concomitant increase with blood vessel density in response to the angiogenic SAPH.Moreover,blood brain barrier integrity and blood coagulation were also examined as the parameters to indicate wound recovery post TBI.Neuronal rescue examination by NeuN and myelin basic protein staining showed that the angiogenic SAPH may provide and neuroprotective benefit in the long-term recovery.展开更多
<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process ...<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue.Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification.These procedures,however,result in the loss of tooth vitality,sensitivity,and healing.Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue,avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality.Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations,revascularization approaches,scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration.Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics.We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p>.展开更多
Radiation therapy to treat cancer has evolved significantly since the discovery of x-rays.Yet,radiation therapy still has room for improvement in reducing side effects and improving control of cancer.Safer and more ef...Radiation therapy to treat cancer has evolved significantly since the discovery of x-rays.Yet,radiation therapy still has room for improvement in reducing side effects and improving control of cancer.Safer and more effective delivery of radiation has led us to novel techniques and use of biomaterials.Biomaterials in combination with radiation and chemotherapy have started to appear in pre-clinical explorations and clinical applications,with many more on the horizon.Biomaterials have revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging,and now are being cultivated into the field of theranostics,combination therapy,and tissue protection.This review summarizes recent development of biomaterials in radiation therapy in several application areas.展开更多
Background and Aims:The impact of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)on liver function remains to be fully elucidated.This study was designed to investigate such and determine the clinical significance in determining m...Background and Aims:The impact of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)on liver function remains to be fully elucidated.This study was designed to investigate such and determine the clinical significance in determining mortality risk.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 from March 2020 to July 2020.Clinical details were retrieved from electronic medical records to obtain clinical characteristics,medical history,laboratory tests,therapeutic intervention,and outcome data.Results:A total of 184 patients with COVID-19 were included(median age:45.5 years),comprised of 62.5%men.In total,22(12.0%)patients had severe infection and 162(88.0%)had mild to moderate infection.Overall,95(51.6%)showed abnormal liver function test(LFT)and 17(9.2%)showed normal LFT at admission.The median age,hospital stay,and LFT were significantly higher in severe vs.non-severe infection(p<0.001).Out of 12 deaths,the majority were due to severe infection(n=11).Deaths were also due to acute respiratory distress syndrome(n=5),cardiac reasons(n=3),and sepsis with multiorgan failure(n=3).The median age,hospital stay and number of intensive care unit admissions were higher in patients having abnormal LFT compared to normal LFT.Incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase(42.8%and 40.4%),alanine transaminase(43.7%and 41.6%),and hypoalbuminemia(71.4%and72.7%)at admission and discharge were more common in severe infection.The mean survival was significantly lower in severe infection compared to those with non-severe disease(17.2 vs.52.3 days;p<0.001).Conclusions:Incidence of abnormal liver function was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 and was associated with prolonged hospital stay;mortality was associated with severity of COVID-19.For ruling out the risk of liver injury,it is crucial to vigilantly monitor the liver function parameters in patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital.展开更多
文摘The endothelium modulates vascular homeostasis owing to a variety of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.Endothelial dysfunction(ED),characterized by impaired vasodilation,inflammation,and thrombosis,triggers future cardiovascular(CV)diseases.Chronic kidney disease,a state of chronic inflammation caused by oxidative stress,metabolic abnormalities,infection,and uremic toxins damages the endothelium.ED is also associated with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate.After kidney transplantation,endothelial functions undergo immediate but partial restoration,promising graft longevity and enhanced CV health.However,the anticipated CV outcomes do not happen due to various transplant-related and unrelated risk factors for ED,culminating in poor CV health and graft survival.ED in kidney transplant recipients is an underrecognized and poorly studied entity.CV diseases are the leading cause of death among kidney transplant candidates with functioning grafts.ED contributes to the pathogenesis of many of the CV diseases.Various biomarkers and vasoreactivity tests are available to study endothelial functions.With an increasing number of transplants happening every year,and improved graft rejection rates due to the availability of effective immunosuppressants,the focus has now shifted to endothelial protection for the prevention,early recognition,and treatment of CV diseases.
文摘Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage kidney disease(ESKD)worldwide.While both haemodialysis(HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD)are commonly used treatment options for ESKD,the choice of dialysis modality in diabetic ESKD patients remains a critical decision influenced by various patient-related,healthcare system,and socio-economic factors.This article examines the factors influencing the selection of dialysis modalities for diabetic patients,with a focus on the challenges and opportunities in low-resource settings.Key considerations include the impact of comorbidities such as peripheral arterial disease and CKD-related mineral bone disorder(MBD),as well as patient preferences,caregiver burden,and the availability of healthcare infrastructure.The article highlights the need for personalized approaches to dialysis selection,considering both clinical outcomes and quality of life.It also emphasizes the potential benefits of home dialysis,including home HD and PD,in improving patient autonomy and long-term survival.The article advocates for better government policies,increased awareness,and improved support systems to enhance the accessibility and efficacy of dialysis treatments,particularly in underserved populations.Further research comparing the outcomes of different dialysis modalities across diverse settings is essential to guide global treatment strategies for diabetic ESKD patients.
文摘Recombinant technology-based vaccines have emerged as a highly effective way to prevent a wide range of illnesses.The technology improved vaccine manufacturing,rendering it more efficient and economical.These vaccines have multiple advantages compared to conventional vaccines.The pandemic has heightened awareness of the advantages of these vaccine technologies;trust and acceptance of these vaccines are steadily growing globally.This work offers an overview of the prospects and advantages associated with recombinant vaccines.Additionally,it discusses some of the challenges likely to arise in the future.Their ability to target diverse pathogen classes underscores their contributions to preventing previously untreatable diseases(especially vector-borne and emerging diseases)and hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these vaccines.Moreover,their compatibility with emerging vaccination platforms of the future like virus-like particles and CRISPR/Cas9 for the production of next-generation vaccines may offer many prospects.This review also reviewed the hurdles faced throughout the vaccine development process,especially in enhancing the effectiveness of these vaccines against vector-borne diseases,emerging diseases,and untreatable diseases with high mortality rates like AIDS as well as cancer.
基金The authors would like to thank Harcourt Butler Technical University,Kanpur India for providing infrastructure,guidance,knowledge and support.
文摘Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.Pumpkin seeds are valuable source protein which can help in eradicating protein malnutrition and lipids(rich in PUFAs)contains essential as well as non essential fatty acids which prevents from various ailments like cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.Since,seeds of pumpkin are abundant in macro(magnesium,phosphorous,potassium,sodium and calcium)and micro minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium),they can be used as an incredible dietary supplement which in turn helps in curbing various deficiency disorders.This review enlightens the characteristics of pumpkin seeds,process of valorization of pumpkin seeds and the effect of processing on their nutritional composition which have been studied currently with the aim to use this wonder seeds for human wellbeing.Pumpkin seeds possess many bioactive compounds like polyphenols,flavonoids,phytosterols and squalene which makes it a lucrative raw material for pharmacological and food industries.Pumpkin seeds work as anti-depressant and helps majorly in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BHP).Daily consumption of pumpkin seeds can reduce the chances of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Pumpkin seeds are rich in tocopherols and can be used for oil extraction for edible purposes and utilized in other food formulations for future use.
文摘Rationale:Transmitted to humans via the Aedes mosquito,Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)is associated with multi-system complications,sometimes collectively referred to as“atypical features.”However,a disorder of the nervous system appears to be the most common severe complication of CHIKV infection.Patient’s Concern:A seventy-five-year-old patient from India presented to the hospital with fever,chills,rigors,and multiple joint pains for which he was worked up.Diagnosis:CHIKV encephalitis.Interventions:The patient was treated initially on supportive therapy with antipyretics,intravenous fluids;however,during his hospital stay,the patient had altered sensorium during which he was managed in the intensive care unit;required mechanical ventilation.Outcomes:The patient sccumbed to his illness.Lessons:Treating clinicians should keep CHIKV disease in the differential diagnosis in cases of febrile exanthems associated with disabling arthritis,especially in a CHIKV-endemic country like India.
基金the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) sponsored project S-3-1392
文摘N-doped mesoporous alumina has been synthesized using chitosan as the biopolymer template. The adsorbent has been thoroughly investigated for the adsorption of CO2 from a simulated flue gas stream （15% CO2 balanced with N2） and compared with commercially available mesoporous alumina procured from SASOL, Germany. CO2 adsorption was studied under different conditions of pre- treatment and adsorption temperature, inlet CO2 concentration and in the presence of oxygen and moisture. The adsorption capacity was determined to be 29.4 nag CO2/g of adsorbent at 55℃. This value was observed to be 4 times higher in comparison to that of commercial mesoporous alumina at a temperature of 55℃. Basicity of alumina surface coupled with the presence of nitrogen in template in synthesized sample is responsible for this enhanced CO2 adsorption. Adsorption capacity for CO2 was retained in the presence of oxygen; however moisture had a deteriorating effect on the adsorption capacity reducing it to nearly half the value.
文摘Modal analysis of engg. structure for comprehending/resolving the vibration related issues/problems are well known. Two classical techniques-analytical (Finite Element Method-FEM) and experimental (Impact testing/Natural Frequency Test-NFT/Bump test) are generally used as complementary as well as stand-alone depending on the time, nature of structure, availability of the analysis tools, cost etc. In the present study, experimental technique was used in mitigating the endwinding vibration problem of a turbogenerator. In one of the Turbogenerators of 50 Hz variant, an increasing vibration trend was observed with system frequency sweep in almost whole of the endwinding basket particularly more on exciter end during sustained short / open circuit conditional runs. Experimental modal analysis was carried out of the overhangs. Frequency response functions (FRFs) were generated in local and global modes. The analysis thereon indicated global resonance of stator overhangs. Accordingly, appropriate remedial measures were planned and implemented. Consequently, global resonance frequency was shifted to higher zone, which in turn, resulted into substantial reduction in endwinding vibration levels.
文摘BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy using intraperitoneal(IP)treatment has demonstrated survival benefit over intravenous(IV)therapy alone in patients treated with upfront debulking surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interim surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy has similar outcome in survival as compared to upfront surgery followed by adjuvant IV chemotherapy.IP chemotherapy has not been widely adopted in clinical practice for a number of reasons.Whether IP chemotherapy delivered in the patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be well tolerated or confers any clinical benefit has not been well studied.AIM To evaluate the experience of adjuvant IP chemotherapy in the community cancer clinic setting,and the clinical benefit and tolerability of incorporating IP chemotherapy in patients who received neoadjuvant treatment.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated toxicities and outcomes of patients with stage III and IV ovarian cancer diagnosed at our institution between 07/2007 and 07/2015 who received intraperitoneal chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery(group 1)or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interim surgery(group 2).RESULTS Thirty eight patients were treated with IP chemotherapy,median age was 54 years old(range 38.6 to 71 years).In group 1(n=25),12(48%)of the patients completed 4 or more cycle of IP treatment after upfront debulking surgery;while in group 2(n=13),8(61.5%)of the patients completed all 3 cycles of the assigned IP chemotherapy after receiving neoadjuvant IV chemotherapy followed by surgery,and 2(15.4%)more patients tolerated more than 3 cycles.In those patients who did not get planned IP chemotherapy,most of them were treated with substitutional IV chemotherapy,and the completion rate for 6 cycles of IV+IP was 92%.Abdominal pain,(64%in group 1 and 38%in group 2),vomiting,(36%in group 1 and 30.8%in group 2),dehydration(16%in group 1 and 15.4%in group 2),and hypomagnesemia(12%in group 1 and 15.4%in group 2)were the most common adverse effects in all patients,while patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to get hypokalemia,fatigue and renal insufficiency.Progression free survival(PFS)was 26.5 mo(95%CI 14.9,38.0)in group 1 and 27.6 mo(95%CI 13.1,42.1)in group 2.The overall survival was 100.2 mo(95%CI 67.9,132.5)for group 1 and 68.2 mo(95%CI 32.2,104.0)for group 2.For the entire cohort,PFS was 26.5 mo(95%CI 15.9,37.0)and OS was 78.8 mo(95%CI 52.3,105.4).CONCLUSION The use of IP/IV chemotherapy can be safely administrated in the community cancer clinic setting.The use of IP/IV chemotherapy in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is feasible and tolerable.Despite various modification of the IP regimen,incorporation of IP chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting appears to be associated with improved PFS and overall survival.
文摘This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids （apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin）, alkaloids （asteracanthine and asteracanthicine）, triterpenes （lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin）, sterols （stigmasterol and asterol）, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti- endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.
基金the Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi for the grant AMR/ADHOC/184/2019-ECD-II for providing financial support.
文摘The world is facing a new healthcare crisis with the rise and spread of novel coronavirus since December 2019.Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the disease associated with SARSCoV-2 is even called COVID-19.COVID-19 is having a pulverizing impact on the scientific community.As of August 13,2020,the number of confirmed cases had reached up to 20,439,814 and the death toll to 744,385,affecting more than 188 territories across the globe.In these difficult times,the world is looking towards research and clinical work from different scientific communities to lead the way to a solution to the issue.In this review,we are focusing on COVID-19 emergence,pathogenicity,and existence in humans,as well as the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism and its similarities to previous coronavirus strains.
文摘In this paper, we suggest a new type of three step iterative scheme called the CR iterative scheme and study the strong convergence of this iterative scheme for a certain class of quasi-contractive operators in Banach spaces. We show that for the aforementioned class of operators, the CR iterative scheme is equivalent to and faster than Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Agarwal et al., Noor and SP iterative schemes. Moreover, we also present various numerical examples using computer programming in C++ for the CR iterative scheme to compare it with the other above mentioned iterative schemes. Our results show that as far as the rate of convergence is concerned 1) for increasing functions the CR iterative scheme is best, while for decreasing functions the SP iterative scheme is best;2) CR iterative scheme is best for a certain class of quasi-contractive operators.
文摘Successful management of a case of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(APROP)poorly responsive to laser therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)is discussed.IVB is useful as rescue therapy in such cases,if given within the correct window period post laser therapy.
基金Agence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR-22-CE42-0005-HYPSTER,ANR 22-PEEL-0003-Comptera)。
文摘Terahertz(THz)microscopy has attracted attention owing to distinctive characteristics of the THz frequency region,particularly non-ionizing photon energy,spectral fingerprint,and transparency to most nonpolar materials.Nevertheless,the well-known Rayleigh diffraction limit imposed on THz waves commonly constrains the resultant imaging resolution to values beyond the millimeter scale,consequently limiting the applicability in numerous emerging applications for chemical sensing and complex media imaging.In this theoretical and numerical work,we address this challenge by introducing,to our knowledge,a new imaging approach based on acquiring high-spatial frequencies by adapting the Fourier synthetic aperture approach to the THz spectral range,thus surpassing the diffractionlimited resolution.Our methodology combines multi-angle THz pulsed illumination with time-resolved field measurements,as enabled by the state-of-the-art time-domain spectroscopy technique.We demonstrate the potential of the approach for hyperspectral THz imaging of semi-transparent samples and show that the technique can reconstruct spatial and temporal features of complex inhomogeneous samples with subwavelength resolution.
文摘Purpose:Non-operative management(NOM)has been validated for blunt liver and splenic injuries.Literature on continuous intra-abdominal pressure(IAP)monitoring as a part of NOM remains to be equivocal.The study aimed to find any correlation between clinical parameters and IAP,and their effect on the NOM of patients with blunt liver and splenic injury.Method:A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a level I trauma center from October 2018 to January 2020 including 174 patients who underwent NOM following blunt liver and splenic injuries.Hemodynamically unstable patients or those on ventilators were excluded,as well as patients who suffered significant head,spinal cord,and/or bladder injuries.The study predominantly included males(83.9%)with a mean age of 32.5 years.IAP was monitored continuously and the relation of IAP with various parameters,interventions,and outcomes were measured.Data were summarized as frequency(percentage)or mean±SD or median(Q1,Q3)as indicated.χ2 or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables,while for continuous variables parametric(independent t-test)or nonparametric tests(Wilcoxon rank sum test)were used as appropriate.Clinical and laboratory correlates of IAP<12 with p<0.200 in the univariable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable analysis.A p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.Results:Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH)was seen in 19.0%of the study population.IAH was strongly associated with a high injury severity score(p<0.001),and other physiological parameters like respiratory rate(p<0.001),change in abdominal girth(AG)(p<0.001),and serum creatinine(p<0.001).IAH along with the number of solid organs involved,respiratory rate,change in AG,and serum creatinine was associated with the intervention,either operative or non-operative(p=0.001,p=0.002,p<0.001,p<0.001,p=0.013,respectively).On multivariable analysis,IAP(p=0.006)and the mean change of AG(p=0.004)were significantly associated with the need for intervention.Conclusion:As a part of NOM,IAP should be monitored as a continuous vital.However,the decision for any intervention,either operative or non-operative cannot be guided by IAP values alone.
基金financial assistance provided by the Ministry of Higher Education,Government of Uttar Pradesh,India for conducting the present research work under the project entitled,“Centre of Excellence in Fish Nutrigenomics”,vide letter No.1483/70-4-2019-1035/2018 dated August 27,2019.
文摘The growth amelioration potential of two herbal feed supplements,Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus,individually and in combination,was evaluated up to 60 days of feeding trial in a teleost,Channa punctatus.15 days laboratory acclimatized fish(141)g;(111)cm were randomly distributed in 10 groups-C(control),S1,S2,S3,A1,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3,based on the composition of the dietary supplements.Each group had 10 specimens(n=10),and the experiment was performed in triplicate.Elevated final body weight(FBW)was observed in all groups except S1 after 60 days,and weight gain percentage(WG%)showed a significant increase in all groups except S1 after both 30 and 60 days of the sampling periods with a significance level of P<0.05.In contrast,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)significantly(P<0.05)decreased in all experimental groups,except S1,as compared to the control,after 60 days of sampling duration.The hepatosomatic index(HSI%)significantly(P<0.05)increased in groups-S3,A2,A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3;while the viscerosomatic index(VSI%)also significantly(P<0.05)enhanced in groups-A3,AS1,AS2,and AS3 as compared to C.Significant(P<0.05)elevations in activities of both trypsin and chymotrypsin,after both the sampling durations were recorded;the maximum being in AS3 as 3.47 and 2.06-fold,respectively,after 60 days,suggests greater protein digestibility.The qRT-PCR analysis displays an up-regulation of growth-related genes-gh,igf-1,and igf-2a,both in the liver and muscle tissues.Also,gh showed greater expression at transcriptional levels in liver tissues(4.86)-fold than muscle tissues(4.43)-fold in AS3;whereas igf-1 and igf-2a were significantly(P<0.05)upregulated in the muscles of AS2 and AS3 as compared to C.Further,significantly(P<0.05)increased expression of the transforming growth factor-β(tgf-β)in liver tissues was recorded in groups-AS1,AS2,and AS3,as compared to C,suggesting the immunoprotective role of combined dietary supplements.The study envisages that 3%dietary supplementation with both herbs(AS3)sufficiently influences the activities of digestive enzymes,growth indices,and mRNA levels of growth-related and immunoprotective genes in the fish.The study thus finds ample scope in aquaculture.
文摘Environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change due to excessive fossil fuel burning;plastic pollution and wastewater contamination are a cause of global concern.Bacteria have the ability to not only utilize organic contaminants present in wastewater,but also to synthesize bioproducts such as fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs),the primary molecules in biodiesel and Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs)or bioplastics.The present study aims to investigate production of FAMEs and PHA along with biodegradation of wastewater contaminants by sewage sludge bacteria.Screening of sewage sludge bacteria was done for their lipid/PHA accumulation potential in filter sterilized wastewater by viable colony,fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry methods using nile red staining.For characterization of bacterial FAME and PHA,cultures were subjected to in situ transesterification and analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A previously reported thermotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus sp.ISTVK1,that showed promising results was further tested for its the potential to produce FAME/PHA along with wastewater contaminant removal by performing physico-chemical analyses,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDX)spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The analysis showed the presence of C_(15−18)FAMEs such as Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester and Tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl ester and PHA such as Pentanoic acid,4-oxo,methyl ester.Physico-chemical analysis of culture supernatant revealed a 92%reduction in COD and the absence of contaminants such as Benzene,1,1’-(2-pentene-1,5-diyl)bis(R.T.=25.42)and 5-(1-Phenyl-cyclopentyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-(R.T.=27.75)from post-treated samples.Results of SEM-EDX and TEM further confirmed bacterial lipid/PHA accumulation and contaminant reduction post-treatment.The potential of the thermotolerant Bacillus sp.ISTVK1 for biodiesel and biopolymer production along with wastewater contaminant removal,as revealed in this study could have future implications in various thermal and polymer industries and wastewater valorization technologies.
基金This work was supported by grant 1R21AA022734-01A1(to JH)from National Institutes of Health,and NIH R15 EY029504,NSF IIP 1903617,the NJIT Undergraduate Research and Innovation(URI)Program and NJIT Startup funds(to V.A.K.).
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)impacts over 3.17 million Americans.Management of hemorrhage and coagulation caused by vascular disruption after TBI is critical for the recovery of patients.Cerebrovascular pathologies play an important role in the underlying mechanisms of TBI.The objective of this study is to evaluate a novel regenerative medicine for the injured tissue after brain injury.We utilized a recently described synthetic growth factor with angiogenic potential to facilitate vascular growth in situ at the injury site.Previous work has shown how this injectable self-assembling peptide-based hydrogel(SAPH)creates a regenerative microenvironment for neovascularization at the injury site.Supramolecular assembly allows for thixotropy;the injectable drug delivery system provides sustained in vivo efficacy.In this study,a moderate blunt injury model was used to cause physical vascular damage and hemorrhage.The angiogenic SAPH was then applied directly on the injured rat brain.At day 7 post-TBI,significantly more blood vessels were observed than the sham and injury control group,as well as activation of VEGF-receptor 2,demonstrating the robust angiogenic response elicited by the angiogenic SAPH.Vascular markers von-Willebrand factor(vWF)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)showed a concomitant increase with blood vessel density in response to the angiogenic SAPH.Moreover,blood brain barrier integrity and blood coagulation were also examined as the parameters to indicate wound recovery post TBI.Neuronal rescue examination by NeuN and myelin basic protein staining showed that the angiogenic SAPH may provide and neuroprotective benefit in the long-term recovery.
基金supported by grants NIH R15 EY02950401A1S1 for AAJNIH R15 EY029504+2 种基金NSF IIP 1903617the NJIT Undergraduate Research and Innovation(URI)Program for VAKNIH grant R01DE025885 to E.S.
文摘<p class="Abstract"style="margin:0 cm;line-height:32px;font-size:12 pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);"><span lang="EN-US">The carious process leads to inflammation of pulp tissue.Current care options include root canal treatment or apexification.These procedures,however,result in the loss of tooth vitality,sensitivity,and healing.Pulp capping and dental pulp regeneration are continually evolving techniques to regenerate pulp tissue,avoiding necrosis and loss of vitality.Many studies have successfully employed stem/progenitor cell populations,revascularization approaches,scaffolds or material-based strategies for pulp regeneration.Here we outline advantages and disadvantages of different methods and techniques which are currently being used in the field of regenerative endodontics.We also summarize recent findings on efficacious peptide-based materials which target the dental niche.<o:p></o:p>.
文摘Radiation therapy to treat cancer has evolved significantly since the discovery of x-rays.Yet,radiation therapy still has room for improvement in reducing side effects and improving control of cancer.Safer and more effective delivery of radiation has led us to novel techniques and use of biomaterials.Biomaterials in combination with radiation and chemotherapy have started to appear in pre-clinical explorations and clinical applications,with many more on the horizon.Biomaterials have revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging,and now are being cultivated into the field of theranostics,combination therapy,and tissue protection.This review summarizes recent development of biomaterials in radiation therapy in several application areas.
文摘Background and Aims:The impact of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)on liver function remains to be fully elucidated.This study was designed to investigate such and determine the clinical significance in determining mortality risk.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 from March 2020 to July 2020.Clinical details were retrieved from electronic medical records to obtain clinical characteristics,medical history,laboratory tests,therapeutic intervention,and outcome data.Results:A total of 184 patients with COVID-19 were included(median age:45.5 years),comprised of 62.5%men.In total,22(12.0%)patients had severe infection and 162(88.0%)had mild to moderate infection.Overall,95(51.6%)showed abnormal liver function test(LFT)and 17(9.2%)showed normal LFT at admission.The median age,hospital stay,and LFT were significantly higher in severe vs.non-severe infection(p<0.001).Out of 12 deaths,the majority were due to severe infection(n=11).Deaths were also due to acute respiratory distress syndrome(n=5),cardiac reasons(n=3),and sepsis with multiorgan failure(n=3).The median age,hospital stay and number of intensive care unit admissions were higher in patients having abnormal LFT compared to normal LFT.Incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase(42.8%and 40.4%),alanine transaminase(43.7%and 41.6%),and hypoalbuminemia(71.4%and72.7%)at admission and discharge were more common in severe infection.The mean survival was significantly lower in severe infection compared to those with non-severe disease(17.2 vs.52.3 days;p<0.001).Conclusions:Incidence of abnormal liver function was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 and was associated with prolonged hospital stay;mortality was associated with severity of COVID-19.For ruling out the risk of liver injury,it is crucial to vigilantly monitor the liver function parameters in patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital.
