The present study explored the Spilanthes acmella Murr. for insecticidal principle, a plant of high value. The seed extract showed insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Further, bioassay guided isolation ...The present study explored the Spilanthes acmella Murr. for insecticidal principle, a plant of high value. The seed extract showed insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Further, bioassay guided isolation of bioactive compounds resulted in insecticidal active molecule, which was identified with the help of ESI-MS and NMR. Highest activity of 95 - 100 percent was observed at low dose of 2 g/l with spilanthol, while 60 - 70 and 80 - 90 percent mortality at 5 g/l in crude seed extracts prepared in methanol and hexane after 48 hours exposure, respectively. LC50 of 1.49, 5.14, 5.04, 11.75 g/l was observed with spilanthol, crude seed extract of methanol, hexane, deltamethrin, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of S. acmella with potent insecticidal toxicity for the management of P. xylostella and other insects of agricultural importance.展开更多
Candida endocarditis is extremely rare in term neonates,and gall bladder involvement due to candidemia has never been reported amongst neonates and infants.A term,appropriate for gestational age neonate developed Cand...Candida endocarditis is extremely rare in term neonates,and gall bladder involvement due to candidemia has never been reported amongst neonates and infants.A term,appropriate for gestational age neonate developed Candida tropicalis blood stream infection in second week of life.He was started on conventional amphotericin B.However,he failed to show any clinical improvement,and candidemia keep on persisting.Repeat sanctuary sites screening revealed multiple echogenic masses in heart(vegetations) and gall bladder.On changing the treatment to liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole,he recovered clinically,echogenic masses in gall bladder disappeared,and intracardiac vegetations decreased in size.展开更多
In this paper, a fractional order proportional integral derivative （FOPID） controller for multiarea automatic generation control （AGC） scheme has been designed. FOPID controller has five parameters and provides tw...In this paper, a fractional order proportional integral derivative （FOPID） controller for multiarea automatic generation control （AGC） scheme has been designed. FOPID controller has five parameters and provides two additional degrees of flexibility in comparison to a proportional integral derivative （PID） controller. The optimal values of parameters of FOPID controller have been determined using Big Bang Big Crunch （BBBC） search algorithm. The designed controller regulates real power output of generators to achieve the best dynamic response of frequency and tie-line power on a load perturbation. The complete scheme for designing of the controllers has been developed and demonstrated on multiarea deregulated power system. The performance of the designed FOPID controllers has been compared with the optimally tuned PID controllers. It is observed from the results that the FOPID controller shows a considerable improvement in the performance as compared to the conventional PID controller.展开更多
The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are wo...The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are working to develop pre-competitive safety technologies and various applications that can be offered in Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), a special kind mobile ad-hoc networks where wireless equipped element called on-board unit (OBU) in vehicles form a network with the Roadside unit (RSU) without any additional infrastructure. In this paper, we are primarily categorizing various possible applications of vehicular network, along with its features, and implementations in the real world.展开更多
Etiology of nephrotic syndrome is somewhat complex in nature. It may range from primary to secondary forms. Nephrotic syndrome patients often need immunosuppressive treatment although it has some side effects and may ...Etiology of nephrotic syndrome is somewhat complex in nature. It may range from primary to secondary forms. Nephrotic syndrome patients often need immunosuppressive treatment although it has some side effects and may lead to renal disease which may be acute or severe. This review deals with herbal treatment and other recent approaches for treating symptoms of nephrotic syndrome.展开更多
Purpose:Lateral compression(LC)injuries account for more than two-thirds of all pelvic fractures.The goal of surgical treatment is to provide adequate stability and early mobilization.The consensus on posterior fixati...Purpose:Lateral compression(LC)injuries account for more than two-thirds of all pelvic fractures.The goal of surgical treatment is to provide adequate stability and early mobilization.The consensus on posterior fixation of such injuries is strong in the literature;however,the necessity of anterior ring fixation is not clear.Therefore,this study was formulated to determine the practicability of posterior-only fixation in LC injuries.Methods:Between March 2015 and May 2020,all patients with LC type pelvic ring fractures who were admitted and operated upon in a single level 1 trauma center were included in this cross-sectional observational study.Demographic data,co-morbidities,treatment,types of surgical fixation,concomitant injuries and surgeries,surgical complications,length of hospital stay,injury to weight bearing duration,and follow-up period were documented.Functional outcome and quality of life were assessed using Majeed score and SF-36 questionnaire.Non-normally distributed data were presented as median(Q1,Q3)and normally distributed data were presented as mean±standard deviation(SD).Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results:A total of 25 patients were included,with a mean age of 29.8 years.All patients were managed operatively with posterior-only fixation.The median Majeed score was 90(76,95).The median physical component summary score was 69.37(38.75,85.62).The median mental component summary score was 63.95(39.25,87.87).There was no significant difference compared to population norms of both physical component summary and mental component summary.Injury to weight bearing time correlated significantly(p=0.002)with Majeed score as well as SF-36 score(p=0.044).No other variable had a significant association with outcomes.Conclusion:Posterior-only fixation is sufficient for fixing LC injuries with up to 80%of cases having good to excellent functional outcomes.However,comparative studies with larger sample sizes are needed for further validation.展开更多
Purpose:Pelvic fractures are severe injuries and are often associated with multiple system injuries,exacerbating the overall outcome.In India,the incidence of pelvic fractures is on a rise due to suboptimal roads and ...Purpose:Pelvic fractures are severe injuries and are often associated with multiple system injuries,exacerbating the overall outcome.In India,the incidence of pelvic fractures is on a rise due to suboptimal roads and traffics but related literature regarding the overall epidemiology of these injuries is scarce and scanty.Our aim was to study the epidemiology of patients admitted with pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma centre in India.Methods:A 16-month(between September 2015 and December 2016)prospective observational study was carried out on trauma patients with pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma centre of a tertiary care hospital.Demography of patients,mechanism of injuries and complications were recorded prospectively.Results:We observed 75 patients who presented with pelvic fractures,where 56 were males and 19 were females.Mean age of the study populationwas 37.57 years.Road traffic accidents were the most common mode of injuries.Lateral compression injuries were the most common pattern.Associated injuries frequently encountered were lower extremities and acetabulum fractures,blunt abdominal trauma,urogenital injuries and head injuries.Out of the 75 patients,52 were treated surgically and 23 were managed by conservative methods.Associated injuries of the extremities,head,abdomen and urogenital system indicated a longer hospital stay.Conclusion:Pelvic fractures,although belong to a relatively rare trauma subset,cause a high morbidity and mortality with considerable burden on the economy.Proper road safety training and driving etiquettes along with its strict implementation in true sense and spirit are the need of the hour.展开更多
There are several well defined indications for surgical management of humeral shaft fractures.Operative procedures on the humerus are associated with their own complications.Iatrogenic brachial artery injury as a comp...There are several well defined indications for surgical management of humeral shaft fractures.Operative procedures on the humerus are associated with their own complications.Iatrogenic brachial artery injury as a complication of humeral shaft plating has not been reported previously.We report a case of a 48 years old femalewho received operation at a district hospital and was referred to us when the surgeon could not palpate the pulse.CT angiogram showed that there was segmental non-opacification of the brachial artery.There was distal reformation and the thrombosis was decided to be managed conservatively.We believe that the arterial injury was a result ofimproper surgical technique and the segmental block might be due to improper use of plate holding forceps.This case report makes us aware of a rare complication of operative management of humeral shaft fractures and that basic principles of surgery must be always followed to prevent such injuries.展开更多
Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here ...Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.展开更多
Intra-articular coronal fractures （Hoffas fractures） of distal femur are rare. Although bicondylar involvement in these fractures has been reported in the literature in association with high velocity traumata, the o...Intra-articular coronal fractures （Hoffas fractures） of distal femur are rare. Although bicondylar involvement in these fractures has been reported in the literature in association with high velocity traumata, the occurrence of these fractures involving extensor mechanism rupture and avulsion ofipsilateral tibial spine is extremely rare. To our acquaintance, such a fracture pattern has not yet been reported in the literature so far. In this article, we report one such case and discuss the importance of early diagnosis and prompt internal fixation in the management of such cases.We believe that these rare combinations of injuries should be treated aggressively by early open reduction and anatomic rigid internal fixation in order to achieve good recovery of function.展开更多
Purpose： Total hip replacement （THR） is one of the most successful and cost-effective surgical procedures and remains the treatment of choice for long-term pain relief and restoration of function for patients with ...Purpose： Total hip replacement （THR） is one of the most successful and cost-effective surgical procedures and remains the treatment of choice for long-term pain relief and restoration of function for patients with diseased or damaged hips. Acetabular fractures managed either conservatively or operatively by fixation tend to present later with secondary joint changes that require THR. In this study we evaluated the functional outcome and quality of life achieved by such patients. Methods： Our study was carried out as a retrospective trial by recruiting patients who underwent THR from June 2006 to May 2012. A total of 32 patients were included with a mean age of 46.08 years ranging from （25-65） years. We evaluated the quality of life in the patients using scoring techniques of Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment （SMFA） and the 12-1tem Short Form Health Survey （SF-12）. Functional outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score （HHS）. Results： The mean HHS of the patients was 84.3 with a range from 56 to 100. The SMFA averaged 13.3. The SF-12 score averaged 49.1. The correlation of the HHS with SF-12 was positive （p - 0.001 ） while with SMFA there was a negative correlation （p - 0.001 ）. Conclusion： From this study it is inferred that the functional outcome of THR and quality of life in pa- tients who had acetabular fractures and were initially managed by open reduction and internal fixation is good.展开更多
Inferior hip dislocation is the rarest type among all hip dislocations. Very few cases have been re ported in the English literature. Most of the earlier reported cases involves the pediatric age group. No single case...Inferior hip dislocation is the rarest type among all hip dislocations. Very few cases have been re ported in the English literature. Most of the earlier reported cases involves the pediatric age group. No single case series could be found in the English literature. We came across 4 cases of inferior hip dislocation with a varied age profile （range 10 to 56 years, mean 33.8 years）. Patients with this disease usually complained of pain and kept the thigh flexed and abducted. The diagnosis can be confirmed by radiographs which reveal that the long axis of the femur varies in alignment with respect to the spine from parallel toan angle almost 90° away from the axis. In our series, closed reduction was successful in all patients, either under seda tion or general anaesthesia. Skin traction for a period of 6 weeks was applied in all of them and followup revealed painfree, stable and mobile hips. In this study we present the details of these cases along with a review of literature discussing the various modes and mechanisms that pro duce inferior hip dislocation.展开更多
Radial head and coronoid fractures without posterior dislocation of the elbow have not been recorded in the literature. There is no literature documenting the combined fractures of the radial head, capitellum and coro...Radial head and coronoid fractures without posterior dislocation of the elbow have not been recorded in the literature. There is no literature documenting the combined fractures of the radial head, capitellum and coronoid process together in the same elbow. This is a case report highlighting this combination of fractures in a 30 year old patient treated with open reduction and internal fixation of all three fractures. The patient was followed up for 28 months and had a good range of motion of the elbow without any instabiliW. Thus such a triad with no ligamentous injuries could depict a bony variant of terrible triad and a mechanism for such an injury has also been explained.展开更多
文摘The present study explored the Spilanthes acmella Murr. for insecticidal principle, a plant of high value. The seed extract showed insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Further, bioassay guided isolation of bioactive compounds resulted in insecticidal active molecule, which was identified with the help of ESI-MS and NMR. Highest activity of 95 - 100 percent was observed at low dose of 2 g/l with spilanthol, while 60 - 70 and 80 - 90 percent mortality at 5 g/l in crude seed extracts prepared in methanol and hexane after 48 hours exposure, respectively. LC50 of 1.49, 5.14, 5.04, 11.75 g/l was observed with spilanthol, crude seed extract of methanol, hexane, deltamethrin, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of S. acmella with potent insecticidal toxicity for the management of P. xylostella and other insects of agricultural importance.
文摘Candida endocarditis is extremely rare in term neonates,and gall bladder involvement due to candidemia has never been reported amongst neonates and infants.A term,appropriate for gestational age neonate developed Candida tropicalis blood stream infection in second week of life.He was started on conventional amphotericin B.However,he failed to show any clinical improvement,and candidemia keep on persisting.Repeat sanctuary sites screening revealed multiple echogenic masses in heart(vegetations) and gall bladder.On changing the treatment to liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole,he recovered clinically,echogenic masses in gall bladder disappeared,and intracardiac vegetations decreased in size.
文摘In this paper, a fractional order proportional integral derivative （FOPID） controller for multiarea automatic generation control （AGC） scheme has been designed. FOPID controller has five parameters and provides two additional degrees of flexibility in comparison to a proportional integral derivative （PID） controller. The optimal values of parameters of FOPID controller have been determined using Big Bang Big Crunch （BBBC） search algorithm. The designed controller regulates real power output of generators to achieve the best dynamic response of frequency and tie-line power on a load perturbation. The complete scheme for designing of the controllers has been developed and demonstrated on multiarea deregulated power system. The performance of the designed FOPID controllers has been compared with the optimally tuned PID controllers. It is observed from the results that the FOPID controller shows a considerable improvement in the performance as compared to the conventional PID controller.
文摘The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are working to develop pre-competitive safety technologies and various applications that can be offered in Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), a special kind mobile ad-hoc networks where wireless equipped element called on-board unit (OBU) in vehicles form a network with the Roadside unit (RSU) without any additional infrastructure. In this paper, we are primarily categorizing various possible applications of vehicular network, along with its features, and implementations in the real world.
文摘Etiology of nephrotic syndrome is somewhat complex in nature. It may range from primary to secondary forms. Nephrotic syndrome patients often need immunosuppressive treatment although it has some side effects and may lead to renal disease which may be acute or severe. This review deals with herbal treatment and other recent approaches for treating symptoms of nephrotic syndrome.
文摘Purpose:Lateral compression(LC)injuries account for more than two-thirds of all pelvic fractures.The goal of surgical treatment is to provide adequate stability and early mobilization.The consensus on posterior fixation of such injuries is strong in the literature;however,the necessity of anterior ring fixation is not clear.Therefore,this study was formulated to determine the practicability of posterior-only fixation in LC injuries.Methods:Between March 2015 and May 2020,all patients with LC type pelvic ring fractures who were admitted and operated upon in a single level 1 trauma center were included in this cross-sectional observational study.Demographic data,co-morbidities,treatment,types of surgical fixation,concomitant injuries and surgeries,surgical complications,length of hospital stay,injury to weight bearing duration,and follow-up period were documented.Functional outcome and quality of life were assessed using Majeed score and SF-36 questionnaire.Non-normally distributed data were presented as median(Q1,Q3)and normally distributed data were presented as mean±standard deviation(SD).Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results:A total of 25 patients were included,with a mean age of 29.8 years.All patients were managed operatively with posterior-only fixation.The median Majeed score was 90(76,95).The median physical component summary score was 69.37(38.75,85.62).The median mental component summary score was 63.95(39.25,87.87).There was no significant difference compared to population norms of both physical component summary and mental component summary.Injury to weight bearing time correlated significantly(p=0.002)with Majeed score as well as SF-36 score(p=0.044).No other variable had a significant association with outcomes.Conclusion:Posterior-only fixation is sufficient for fixing LC injuries with up to 80%of cases having good to excellent functional outcomes.However,comparative studies with larger sample sizes are needed for further validation.
文摘Purpose:Pelvic fractures are severe injuries and are often associated with multiple system injuries,exacerbating the overall outcome.In India,the incidence of pelvic fractures is on a rise due to suboptimal roads and traffics but related literature regarding the overall epidemiology of these injuries is scarce and scanty.Our aim was to study the epidemiology of patients admitted with pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma centre in India.Methods:A 16-month(between September 2015 and December 2016)prospective observational study was carried out on trauma patients with pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma centre of a tertiary care hospital.Demography of patients,mechanism of injuries and complications were recorded prospectively.Results:We observed 75 patients who presented with pelvic fractures,where 56 were males and 19 were females.Mean age of the study populationwas 37.57 years.Road traffic accidents were the most common mode of injuries.Lateral compression injuries were the most common pattern.Associated injuries frequently encountered were lower extremities and acetabulum fractures,blunt abdominal trauma,urogenital injuries and head injuries.Out of the 75 patients,52 were treated surgically and 23 were managed by conservative methods.Associated injuries of the extremities,head,abdomen and urogenital system indicated a longer hospital stay.Conclusion:Pelvic fractures,although belong to a relatively rare trauma subset,cause a high morbidity and mortality with considerable burden on the economy.Proper road safety training and driving etiquettes along with its strict implementation in true sense and spirit are the need of the hour.
文摘There are several well defined indications for surgical management of humeral shaft fractures.Operative procedures on the humerus are associated with their own complications.Iatrogenic brachial artery injury as a complication of humeral shaft plating has not been reported previously.We report a case of a 48 years old femalewho received operation at a district hospital and was referred to us when the surgeon could not palpate the pulse.CT angiogram showed that there was segmental non-opacification of the brachial artery.There was distal reformation and the thrombosis was decided to be managed conservatively.We believe that the arterial injury was a result ofimproper surgical technique and the segmental block might be due to improper use of plate holding forceps.This case report makes us aware of a rare complication of operative management of humeral shaft fractures and that basic principles of surgery must be always followed to prevent such injuries.
文摘Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.
文摘Intra-articular coronal fractures （Hoffas fractures） of distal femur are rare. Although bicondylar involvement in these fractures has been reported in the literature in association with high velocity traumata, the occurrence of these fractures involving extensor mechanism rupture and avulsion ofipsilateral tibial spine is extremely rare. To our acquaintance, such a fracture pattern has not yet been reported in the literature so far. In this article, we report one such case and discuss the importance of early diagnosis and prompt internal fixation in the management of such cases.We believe that these rare combinations of injuries should be treated aggressively by early open reduction and anatomic rigid internal fixation in order to achieve good recovery of function.
文摘Purpose： Total hip replacement （THR） is one of the most successful and cost-effective surgical procedures and remains the treatment of choice for long-term pain relief and restoration of function for patients with diseased or damaged hips. Acetabular fractures managed either conservatively or operatively by fixation tend to present later with secondary joint changes that require THR. In this study we evaluated the functional outcome and quality of life achieved by such patients. Methods： Our study was carried out as a retrospective trial by recruiting patients who underwent THR from June 2006 to May 2012. A total of 32 patients were included with a mean age of 46.08 years ranging from （25-65） years. We evaluated the quality of life in the patients using scoring techniques of Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment （SMFA） and the 12-1tem Short Form Health Survey （SF-12）. Functional outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score （HHS）. Results： The mean HHS of the patients was 84.3 with a range from 56 to 100. The SMFA averaged 13.3. The SF-12 score averaged 49.1. The correlation of the HHS with SF-12 was positive （p - 0.001 ） while with SMFA there was a negative correlation （p - 0.001 ）. Conclusion： From this study it is inferred that the functional outcome of THR and quality of life in pa- tients who had acetabular fractures and were initially managed by open reduction and internal fixation is good.
文摘Inferior hip dislocation is the rarest type among all hip dislocations. Very few cases have been re ported in the English literature. Most of the earlier reported cases involves the pediatric age group. No single case series could be found in the English literature. We came across 4 cases of inferior hip dislocation with a varied age profile （range 10 to 56 years, mean 33.8 years）. Patients with this disease usually complained of pain and kept the thigh flexed and abducted. The diagnosis can be confirmed by radiographs which reveal that the long axis of the femur varies in alignment with respect to the spine from parallel toan angle almost 90° away from the axis. In our series, closed reduction was successful in all patients, either under seda tion or general anaesthesia. Skin traction for a period of 6 weeks was applied in all of them and followup revealed painfree, stable and mobile hips. In this study we present the details of these cases along with a review of literature discussing the various modes and mechanisms that pro duce inferior hip dislocation.
文摘Radial head and coronoid fractures without posterior dislocation of the elbow have not been recorded in the literature. There is no literature documenting the combined fractures of the radial head, capitellum and coronoid process together in the same elbow. This is a case report highlighting this combination of fractures in a 30 year old patient treated with open reduction and internal fixation of all three fractures. The patient was followed up for 28 months and had a good range of motion of the elbow without any instabiliW. Thus such a triad with no ligamentous injuries could depict a bony variant of terrible triad and a mechanism for such an injury has also been explained.
