Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)progresses from preneoplastic precursors via genetic and epigenetic alterations.Previous studies have focused on the treatment of terminally developed OSCC.However,the role of epigene...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)progresses from preneoplastic precursors via genetic and epigenetic alterations.Previous studies have focused on the treatment of terminally developed OSCC.However,the role of epigenetic regulators as therapeutic targets during the transition from preneoplastic precursors to OSCC has not been well studied.Our study identified lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1)as a crucial promoter of OSCC,demonstrating that its knockout or pharmacological inhibition in mice reversed OSCC preneoplasia.LSD1 inhibition by SP2509 disrupted cell cycle,reduced immunosuppression,and enhanced CD4+and CD8+T-cell infiltration.In a feline model of spontaneous OSCC,a clinical LSD1 inhibitor(Seclidemstat or SP2577)was found to be safe and effectively inhibit the STAT3 network.Mechanistic studies revealed that LSD1 drives OSCC progression through STAT3 signaling,which is regulated by phosphorylation of the cell cycle mediator CDK7 and immunosuppressive CTLA4.Notably,LSD1 inhibition reduced the phosphorylation of CDK7 at Tyr170 and eIF4B at Ser422,offering insights into a novel mechanism by which LSD1 regulates the preneoplastic-to-OSCC transition.This study provides a deeper understanding of OSCC progression and highlights LSD1 as a potential therapeutic target for controlling OSCC progression from preneoplastic lesions.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic,which was declared by the WHO,had created a global health crisis and disrupted people’s daily lives.A large number of people were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.Therefore,a diagnostic model n...The COVID-19 pandemic,which was declared by the WHO,had created a global health crisis and disrupted people’s daily lives.A large number of people were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.Therefore,a diagnostic model needs to be generated which can effectively classify the COVID and non-COVID cases.In this work,our aim is to develop a diagnostic model based on deep features using effectiveness of Chest X-ray(CXR)in distinguishing COVID from non-COVID cases.The proposed diagnostic framework utilizes CXR to diagnose COVID-19 and includes Grad-CAM visualizations for a visual interpretation of predicted images.The model’s performance was evaluated using various metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and Gmean.Several machine learning models,such as random forest,dense neural network,SVM,twin SVM,extreme learning machine,random vector functional link,and kernel ridge regression,were selected to diagnose COVID-19 cases.Transfer learning was used to extract deep features.For feature extraction many CNN-based models such as Inception V3,MobileNet,ResNet50,VGG16 and Xception models are used.It was evident from the experiments that ResNet50 architecture outperformed all other CNN architectures based on AUC.The TWSVM classifier achieved the highest AUC score of 0.98 based on the ResNet50 feature vector.展开更多
Magnesium is one of the largely available elements in the earth’s crust. It has a low structural density with high specific strength. This unique material property has forced an increase in the use of magnesium and i...Magnesium is one of the largely available elements in the earth’s crust. It has a low structural density with high specific strength. This unique material property has forced an increase in the use of magnesium and its alloys in various applications pertaining to industrial sector,automobiles, aerospace and biomedical. Since magnesium is a highly reactive metal, it is prone to higher rate of corrosion as compared to its counterparts. Thus, it is essential to analyze the corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloys in its applications. An appropriate process is to be followed in the design and development of magnesium alloys which overcome the limitations of magnesium and enhance the desired material properties in accordance to their applications. This review paper summarizes the importance of magnesium and its material properties. The influence of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of magnesium is reviewed. The broad classification of Mg alloys and their behavioral trends are detailed. The corrosion behavior of magnesium and the influence of corrosion products on the material characteristics of magnesium, in aqueous medium, are discussed. The manufacturing techniques of magnesium alloys along with the secondary techniques are also covered. The various applications and the limitations of magnesium in these applications are covered. A complete section is dedicated towards detailing the recent trends of magnesium(Mg) alloys, i.e., the biodegradable nature and applications of Mg alloys. The influence of biocorrosion on Mg alloys and techniques to overcome it have been deliberated. This paper provides a thorough review on recent developments of magnesium with respect to engineering applications.展开更多
Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop as a source of dietary protein. Ever-increasing demand in Asian countries calls for breeding superior desi-type varieties, in turn necessitating the availability of char...Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop as a source of dietary protein. Ever-increasing demand in Asian countries calls for breeding superior desi-type varieties, in turn necessitating the availability of characterized germplasm to breeders. The Indian National Genebank,located at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, conserves 14,651 accessions of chickpea. The entire set was characterized in a single large-scale experiment.High variation was observed for eight quantitative and 12 qualitative agro-morphological traits. Allelic richness procedure was employed to assemble a core set comprising 1103 accessions, 70.0% of which were of Indian origin. Comparable values of total variation explained by the first three principal components in the entire collection(51.1%) and the core(52.4%)together with conservation of nine pairwise r values among quantitative traits in the core collection and a coincidence rate around 99.7% indicated that the chickpea core was indeed an excellent representation of the entire chickpea collection in the National Genebank. The chickpea core exhibited greater diversity than the entire collection in agro-morphological traits, as assessed by higher variance and Shannon–Weaver diversity indices, indicating that the chickpea core maximized the phenotypic diversity available in the Indian chickpea germplasm. The chickpea core, comprising mainly indigenous desi genotypes, is expected to be an excellent resource for chickpea breeders. Information on the chickpea core can be accessed at http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/pgrportal.展开更多
Objective: Bergenia ciliata(Haw.) Sternb. is used in the Indian traditional system of medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism and to heal wounds. The objective of the present study was to perform a pre...Objective: Bergenia ciliata(Haw.) Sternb. is used in the Indian traditional system of medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism and to heal wounds. The objective of the present study was to perform a preclinical characterization of the B. ciliata-based botanical extract IIIM-160.Methods: ⅢM-160 was chemically standardized and analyzed for heavy metal content, aflatoxins,pesticides and microbial load. The in vitro and in vivo efficacies were determined in suitable models of inflammation, arthritis and nociception. An acute oral toxicity study was performed in Swiss albino mice.A suitable oral formulation was developed and characterized.Results: Bergenin was found to be the major component(9.1% w/w) of ⅢM-160. The botanical lead displayed inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells, with selectivity toward interleukin-6(IL-6) and had an excellent safety-window. It showed anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and antinociceptive activity in animal models and was not toxic at oral doses up to 2 g/kg in Swiss-albino mice. The gastroretentive, sustained-release capsule formulation showed sustained-release of the bergenin over the period of 24 h, resulting in improved plasma-exposure of bergenin in Sprague–Dawley rats.Conclusion: The dual-activity of IL-6 inhibition and antinociception marks the suitability of ⅢM-160 for treating rheumatoid arthritis. This study will serve as the benchmark for further research on this botanical formulation.展开更多
In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The in...In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The inte- grability of such an equation is studied with Painlevd analysis. The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method. Further- more different types of solitary, periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.展开更多
Celiac disease is a genetically-determined chronic inflammatory intestinal disease induced by gluten in wheat,barley,rye etc.Celiac disease affects approximately one percent of people in the world and strict gluten-fr...Celiac disease is a genetically-determined chronic inflammatory intestinal disease induced by gluten in wheat,barley,rye etc.Celiac disease affects approximately one percent of people in the world and strict gluten-free diet(GFD)for a lifetime is the only available treatment.As gluten-free products available in the market are known to have low nutritional quality as well as are more expensive than gluten-containing food products,there is a strong need to develop gluten-free products that are nutritionally complete as well as economical.This review focuses on the special considerations during developing gluten-free products viz.,finding an alternate non-gluten source,ensuring nutrition and sensory quality characteristics,compliance with the regulatory guidelines,economics and product.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stre...Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stress. Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of FI used in this study was standardized on its contents of fumaric acid and its conjugates (0.45% and 0.35% respectively). Stressed Charles Foster rats received unpredictable foot shocks (2 mA, 1 hr, 14 days) through electric grid. FI was given orally as 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For comparison, Panax ginseng (PG) extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard adaptogen. Incidence of gastric ulceration, changes in weight of adrenal and spleen, behavioral depression, cognitive dysfunction test and suppression of sexual behavior in male rats were used as validated behavioral models. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in circulating white blood cells (WBC) were quantified for ascertaining biochemical changes accompanying stress. Results: As compared to vehicle treated stressed rats, the FI and PG treated rats showed fewer incidence of gastric ulceration, reversal of changes in weight of adrenal gland and spleen, reversal of behavioral depression, better performance in passive and active avoidance tests for cognitive function and increased sexual activity. FI and PG significantly decreased chronic unpredictable stress induced elevation of corticosterone, and both extracts normalized also the abnormal oxidative status of the brain observed in stressed rats. FI treatment also suppressed the elevated level of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in stressed animals. Conclusions: FI could be another adaptogenic herb and fumaric acid and its conjugates are possibly involved in observed bioactivity of its extract.展开更多
Indian paper industry has been showing a positive demand growth unlike Europe and USA,despite couple of issues being confronted by the paper industry such as availability of good quality raw material,scale of operatio...Indian paper industry has been showing a positive demand growth unlike Europe and USA,despite couple of issues being confronted by the paper industry such as availability of good quality raw material,scale of operation,cost reduction and environment.In view of the increasing competition among the domestic and the global players,sustainability,green production gaining significance,there is a growing need to upgrade,develop and adopt appropriate advanced technologies tailer made to the requirement of Indian paper industry.In light of above,UNIDO implemented a project supported by DIPP,Govt.of India aimed towards capacity building of the Nodel Research Institute(CPPRI),Indian paper industry’s associations and Indian paper industry.The present article highlights key findings of various activities carried out under the project such as diagnostic assessment of the paper industry,demonstration of identified technologies,dissemination of the findings among the industries and twinning with the international institutions having relevant expertise and training.展开更多
In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by deter...In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.展开更多
The Lie symmetry analysis is performed for the coupled short plus （CSP） equation. We derive the infinitesimals that admit the classical symmetry group. Five types arise depending on the nature of the Lie symmetry ge...The Lie symmetry analysis is performed for the coupled short plus （CSP） equation. We derive the infinitesimals that admit the classical symmetry group. Five types arise depending on the nature of the Lie symmetry generator. In all types, we find reductions in terms of system of ordinary differential equations, and exact solutions of the CSP equation are derived, which are compared with numerical solutions using the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme.展开更多
Objective:To explore predictive hematological parameters on admission which are associated with mortality in NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients.Methods:Demographic characteristics,hematological parameters,and...Objective:To explore predictive hematological parameters on admission which are associated with mortality in NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients.Methods:Demographic characteristics,hematological parameters,and the outcome of NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients without any comorbidity and coexisting infections were collected from the Intensive Care Unit and the results were compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups.Results:The mean age was(30.77±11.48)years and 56(56.6%)patients were males.Out of the total 99 patients,72(72.27%)patients were successfully discharged and 27(27.27%)patients eventually succumbed to death.The most common hematological finding was thrombocytopenia(95.95%),followed by anemia(52.52%)and decreased mean platelet volume(37.37%).After controlling other variables,logistic regression analysis showed that absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume were associated with mortality.Conclusions:Total leucocyte count,absolute neutrophil count,and total platelet count are significantly higher,and mean platelet volume is significantly lower in the non-survivor group as compared to the survivor group.Absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume are predictors associated with mortality.展开更多
Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospi...Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospitalized from May 2020 to January 2021.The in-hospital mortality was assessed,and demographic variables and comorbidities between COVID-19 deaths and survivors were compared.Results:A total of 24000 patients were admitted during the study period,among which 17000 had shown positive results of the RT-PCR test for COVID-19.The total mortality was 329 patients(1.37%),among which 232(70.52%)succumbed due to COVID-19,and 97(29.48%)died due to other illnesses.The mean age of the patients was(64.09依16.99)years.The mean age was significantly higher in COVID-19 related deaths[(67.63±13.78)years]as compared to that of the survivors[(60.52±19.5)years](P<0.001).Compared to COVID-19 survivors,there were more males(72.41%v.s.61.5%)and less females(27.59%v.s.38.5%)in COVID-19 related deaths(P=0.001).Comorbidities such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and chronic kidney disease showed a significant correlation with COVID-19 mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.389(95%CI:1.465-2.982),3.891(95%CI:2.059-5.392),and 6.358(95%CI:5.675-10.564),respectively.Conclusions:Elderly males with comorbidities have higher risk for mortality related to COVID-19.Ongoing vaccination drive is rightfully prioritised to serve the high-risk category first.展开更多
Consistent neglect of complex psychobiological processes involved in human health and diseases often leads to phar-macological discrepancies between preclinical and therapeutic observations. Numerous other pharmacolog...Consistent neglect of complex psychobiological processes involved in human health and diseases often leads to phar-macological discrepancies between preclinical and therapeutic observations. Numerous other pharmacological paradoxes arise from common practices of using dosing schedules in preclinical studies not identical to those in clinical studies. An Ayurveda centered holistic psychopharmacological strategy evolving from our efforts to identify plants potentially useful for preventing and combating illnesses and diseases could be a more rapid, rational, economically feasible, and realistic one for resolving such discrepancies and paradoxes. In this article, some observations made recently to experimentally very this conviction with the use of some well known medicinal plants are summarized and discussed in short. In addition, usefulness of the strategy for identifying edibles potentially useful for health care purposes, or for more objectively understanding “Ayurvedic biology” is pointed out.展开更多
In order to understand the tribological behavior of red mud composite coatings, the red mud and composite materials like fly ash, carbon and aluminum are being plasma sprayed. The coatings are investigated to know the...In order to understand the tribological behavior of red mud composite coatings, the red mud and composite materials like fly ash, carbon and aluminum are being plasma sprayed. The coatings are investigated to know their morphological behavior and erosion wear characteristics. Plasma spraying is done at different plasma arc current like 200, 250, 300 and 400 amperes. Torch input powers maintained as 6, 9, 12 and 16 KW. The substrates chose are rectangular in shape having a dimension of 50 mm × 25 mm × 2 mm. commercially available aluminum, copper, mild steel and stainless steel being used as substrate. Room temperature solid particle erosion trials are carried out using a compressed air blasting type rig under impact angles of 30o, 60o and 90o. The present investigation uses an erosion apparatus of Sand Blast type. The test is conducted as per ASTMG-76 standards. It is analyzed that initially the cumulative coating mass loss increases rapidly and later on becomes almost stagnant. A transient regime in the erosion process exists, during which the incremental erosion rate decreases monotonically down to a steady state erosion rate.展开更多
Fumaria indica is a medicinal plant of the fumitory family wildly growing throughout India. Classical texts of Ayurveda, i.e. the oldest traditionally known health care and medical system originating in Indian subcont...Fumaria indica is a medicinal plant of the fumitory family wildly growing throughout India. Classical texts of Ayurveda, i.e. the oldest traditionally known health care and medical system originating in Indian subcontinent, mentions diverse medicinal uses of the plant. During more recent decades broad spectrums of therapeutically interesting pharmacological properties of its extracts and secondary metabolites have also been reported. Recent observations made during efforts to define its pharmacological activity profile according to the Ayurvedic concepts of mind body medicine have revealed exceptionally broad spectrums of psychopharmacological activity profiles of diverse types of hydro alcoholic extracts of the plant. These effects of the extracts become apparent after their repeated daily doses only. Taken together with prior preclinical knowledge on the plant, these observations strongly suggest that Fumaria indica could be an easily available source for discovering and developing phyto-pharmaceuticals or drugs potentially useful for treatments of mental health problems commonly associated with numerous physical disorders and chronic diseases. Since several psychoactive and other phytochemical of Fumaria indica are also encountered in other plants commonly used in Chinese and other traditionally known medical systems, observations made and the holistic strategy used for defining its psychopharmacological activity profile could be of interest of others involved in efforts necessary for proper understanding of therapeutic potentials of many plants containing Fumaria alkaloids and other bioactive phytochemicals present in Fumaria indica.展开更多
Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures can cause early cracking and rutting failures due to the internal damage accumulated by the high internal pore pressures created at the aggregate-binder interface and/or within the ...Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures can cause early cracking and rutting failures due to the internal damage accumulated by the high internal pore pressures created at the aggregate-binder interface and/or within the binder phase by heavy traffic loads.Tensile strength ratio(TSR)test results have not been effective indicators of moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures.Therefore,a reliable moisture conditioning method and moisture susceptibility test need to be developed and implemented to determine the possible longterm impact of several new additive technologies on pavement longevity.In this study,different tests and conditioning methods for moisture susceptibility quantification of asphalt mixtures were evaluated,and a new test method incorporating a color measuring device was also developed that could identify the impact of different anti-stripping agents and warm-mix additives on moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures.Results indicated that the moisture-induced stress tester(MIST)conditioned and vacuum conditioned samples showed similar susceptibility towards rutting and moisture.Moreover,the CTindex parameter was not found to correlate with the moisture susceptibility of the mixes.Based on the results of the laboratory investigations,this study recommends the use of a colorimeter in conjunction with the current TSR method to determine the adhesion and cohesion-related moisture susceptibility.展开更多
Antarctic krill meal(KM)(Euphausia superba) as a substitute for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets is gaining popularity worldwide. A quantitative approach investigating the efficacy of using this protein on the product...Antarctic krill meal(KM)(Euphausia superba) as a substitute for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets is gaining popularity worldwide. A quantitative approach investigating the efficacy of using this protein on the production performance of aquatic animals remains widely limited. Here, we employed a meta-analysis to quantify the overall effects(Hedges' g [g] value effect size) of KM on the specific growth rate(SGR), feed conversion ratio(FCR), protein efficiency ratio(PER), and survival rate(SR) of several aquaculture species.A total of 22 records published during 2006 to 2022 from different countries, targeting 14 aquatic species,were employed in the present study. Overall, KM has a high nutritional value relative to fishmeal,particularly from the high protein and amino acid composition. Dietary KM significantly increased the overall effect size of SGR(g = 1.92)(P = 0.001);the positive effect was illustrated in marine species(g = 1.32 to 9.10)(P < 0.05) and sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)(g = 6.59)(P < 0.001). The overall g value for FCR(-2.42) was significantly improved compared to the control group(P < 0.001). The inclusion of KM in aquatic animal diets did not affect g value of PER(1.52, 95% confidence interval:-1.04 to 4.07) and survival rate(0.08, 95% confidence interval:-0.63 to 0.79)(P = 0.252 and 0.208, respectively). The metaregression models indicated that SGR of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) was significantly correlated with dietary KM by a positive linear model(P = 0.022). The cod and sturgeon(A. gueldenstaedtii) appeared to efficiently utilize krill-containing diets as illustrated by a negative linear model(P = 0.011 and P = 0.024,respectively) between dietary KM and FCR. Dietary KM positively correlated with PER for Atlantic cod(P = 0.021). Our meta-analysis highlighted the significant outcome of KM in diets for aquaculture species by reducing pressure on forage fish from marine resources and sparing edible foods. Specifically, including KM significantly reduced economic fish-in fish-out(eFIFO) in four taxa-the top forage fish consumers(P < 0.05): marine fish, salmon, shrimp, and trout. The meta-analysis revealed the decreased foodcompetition feedstuff in diets for important aquaculture species(P < 0.05) fed dietary KM. The outlook for efficient use of KM from marine resources in aquafeeds was elucidated in the present work.展开更多
基金NIH/NIDCR grant R01 DE031413 and CTSA pilot grant UL1TR001430 to Manish V.Bais.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)progresses from preneoplastic precursors via genetic and epigenetic alterations.Previous studies have focused on the treatment of terminally developed OSCC.However,the role of epigenetic regulators as therapeutic targets during the transition from preneoplastic precursors to OSCC has not been well studied.Our study identified lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1)as a crucial promoter of OSCC,demonstrating that its knockout or pharmacological inhibition in mice reversed OSCC preneoplasia.LSD1 inhibition by SP2509 disrupted cell cycle,reduced immunosuppression,and enhanced CD4+and CD8+T-cell infiltration.In a feline model of spontaneous OSCC,a clinical LSD1 inhibitor(Seclidemstat or SP2577)was found to be safe and effectively inhibit the STAT3 network.Mechanistic studies revealed that LSD1 drives OSCC progression through STAT3 signaling,which is regulated by phosphorylation of the cell cycle mediator CDK7 and immunosuppressive CTLA4.Notably,LSD1 inhibition reduced the phosphorylation of CDK7 at Tyr170 and eIF4B at Ser422,offering insights into a novel mechanism by which LSD1 regulates the preneoplastic-to-OSCC transition.This study provides a deeper understanding of OSCC progression and highlights LSD1 as a potential therapeutic target for controlling OSCC progression from preneoplastic lesions.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic,which was declared by the WHO,had created a global health crisis and disrupted people’s daily lives.A large number of people were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.Therefore,a diagnostic model needs to be generated which can effectively classify the COVID and non-COVID cases.In this work,our aim is to develop a diagnostic model based on deep features using effectiveness of Chest X-ray(CXR)in distinguishing COVID from non-COVID cases.The proposed diagnostic framework utilizes CXR to diagnose COVID-19 and includes Grad-CAM visualizations for a visual interpretation of predicted images.The model’s performance was evaluated using various metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and Gmean.Several machine learning models,such as random forest,dense neural network,SVM,twin SVM,extreme learning machine,random vector functional link,and kernel ridge regression,were selected to diagnose COVID-19 cases.Transfer learning was used to extract deep features.For feature extraction many CNN-based models such as Inception V3,MobileNet,ResNet50,VGG16 and Xception models are used.It was evident from the experiments that ResNet50 architecture outperformed all other CNN architectures based on AUC.The TWSVM classifier achieved the highest AUC score of 0.98 based on the ResNet50 feature vector.
文摘Magnesium is one of the largely available elements in the earth’s crust. It has a low structural density with high specific strength. This unique material property has forced an increase in the use of magnesium and its alloys in various applications pertaining to industrial sector,automobiles, aerospace and biomedical. Since magnesium is a highly reactive metal, it is prone to higher rate of corrosion as compared to its counterparts. Thus, it is essential to analyze the corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloys in its applications. An appropriate process is to be followed in the design and development of magnesium alloys which overcome the limitations of magnesium and enhance the desired material properties in accordance to their applications. This review paper summarizes the importance of magnesium and its material properties. The influence of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of magnesium is reviewed. The broad classification of Mg alloys and their behavioral trends are detailed. The corrosion behavior of magnesium and the influence of corrosion products on the material characteristics of magnesium, in aqueous medium, are discussed. The manufacturing techniques of magnesium alloys along with the secondary techniques are also covered. The various applications and the limitations of magnesium in these applications are covered. A complete section is dedicated towards detailing the recent trends of magnesium(Mg) alloys, i.e., the biodegradable nature and applications of Mg alloys. The influence of biocorrosion on Mg alloys and techniques to overcome it have been deliberated. This paper provides a thorough review on recent developments of magnesium with respect to engineering applications.
基金funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
文摘Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop as a source of dietary protein. Ever-increasing demand in Asian countries calls for breeding superior desi-type varieties, in turn necessitating the availability of characterized germplasm to breeders. The Indian National Genebank,located at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, conserves 14,651 accessions of chickpea. The entire set was characterized in a single large-scale experiment.High variation was observed for eight quantitative and 12 qualitative agro-morphological traits. Allelic richness procedure was employed to assemble a core set comprising 1103 accessions, 70.0% of which were of Indian origin. Comparable values of total variation explained by the first three principal components in the entire collection(51.1%) and the core(52.4%)together with conservation of nine pairwise r values among quantitative traits in the core collection and a coincidence rate around 99.7% indicated that the chickpea core was indeed an excellent representation of the entire chickpea collection in the National Genebank. The chickpea core exhibited greater diversity than the entire collection in agro-morphological traits, as assessed by higher variance and Shannon–Weaver diversity indices, indicating that the chickpea core maximized the phenotypic diversity available in the Indian chickpea germplasm. The chickpea core, comprising mainly indigenous desi genotypes, is expected to be an excellent resource for chickpea breeders. Information on the chickpea core can be accessed at http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/pgrportal.
基金financially supported by CSIR 12th Five Year Plan project BSC-0205CSIR-Phytopharmaceutical Mission Project HCP010+1 种基金CSIR-YSA (Young Scientist Award,P90807) Research Grantthe fellowship from Department of Biotechnology,India (GAP-2158).IIIM publication number: ⅢM/2222/2018
文摘Objective: Bergenia ciliata(Haw.) Sternb. is used in the Indian traditional system of medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism and to heal wounds. The objective of the present study was to perform a preclinical characterization of the B. ciliata-based botanical extract IIIM-160.Methods: ⅢM-160 was chemically standardized and analyzed for heavy metal content, aflatoxins,pesticides and microbial load. The in vitro and in vivo efficacies were determined in suitable models of inflammation, arthritis and nociception. An acute oral toxicity study was performed in Swiss albino mice.A suitable oral formulation was developed and characterized.Results: Bergenin was found to be the major component(9.1% w/w) of ⅢM-160. The botanical lead displayed inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells, with selectivity toward interleukin-6(IL-6) and had an excellent safety-window. It showed anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and antinociceptive activity in animal models and was not toxic at oral doses up to 2 g/kg in Swiss-albino mice. The gastroretentive, sustained-release capsule formulation showed sustained-release of the bergenin over the period of 24 h, resulting in improved plasma-exposure of bergenin in Sprague–Dawley rats.Conclusion: The dual-activity of IL-6 inhibition and antinociception marks the suitability of ⅢM-160 for treating rheumatoid arthritis. This study will serve as the benchmark for further research on this botanical formulation.
文摘In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-Mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The inte- grability of such an equation is studied with Painlevd analysis. The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method. Further- more different types of solitary, periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.
文摘Celiac disease is a genetically-determined chronic inflammatory intestinal disease induced by gluten in wheat,barley,rye etc.Celiac disease affects approximately one percent of people in the world and strict gluten-free diet(GFD)for a lifetime is the only available treatment.As gluten-free products available in the market are known to have low nutritional quality as well as are more expensive than gluten-containing food products,there is a strong need to develop gluten-free products that are nutritionally complete as well as economical.This review focuses on the special considerations during developing gluten-free products viz.,finding an alternate non-gluten source,ensuring nutrition and sensory quality characteristics,compliance with the regulatory guidelines,economics and product.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stress. Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of FI used in this study was standardized on its contents of fumaric acid and its conjugates (0.45% and 0.35% respectively). Stressed Charles Foster rats received unpredictable foot shocks (2 mA, 1 hr, 14 days) through electric grid. FI was given orally as 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For comparison, Panax ginseng (PG) extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard adaptogen. Incidence of gastric ulceration, changes in weight of adrenal and spleen, behavioral depression, cognitive dysfunction test and suppression of sexual behavior in male rats were used as validated behavioral models. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in circulating white blood cells (WBC) were quantified for ascertaining biochemical changes accompanying stress. Results: As compared to vehicle treated stressed rats, the FI and PG treated rats showed fewer incidence of gastric ulceration, reversal of changes in weight of adrenal gland and spleen, reversal of behavioral depression, better performance in passive and active avoidance tests for cognitive function and increased sexual activity. FI and PG significantly decreased chronic unpredictable stress induced elevation of corticosterone, and both extracts normalized also the abnormal oxidative status of the brain observed in stressed rats. FI treatment also suppressed the elevated level of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in stressed animals. Conclusions: FI could be another adaptogenic herb and fumaric acid and its conjugates are possibly involved in observed bioactivity of its extract.
文摘Indian paper industry has been showing a positive demand growth unlike Europe and USA,despite couple of issues being confronted by the paper industry such as availability of good quality raw material,scale of operation,cost reduction and environment.In view of the increasing competition among the domestic and the global players,sustainability,green production gaining significance,there is a growing need to upgrade,develop and adopt appropriate advanced technologies tailer made to the requirement of Indian paper industry.In light of above,UNIDO implemented a project supported by DIPP,Govt.of India aimed towards capacity building of the Nodel Research Institute(CPPRI),Indian paper industry’s associations and Indian paper industry.The present article highlights key findings of various activities carried out under the project such as diagnostic assessment of the paper industry,demonstration of identified technologies,dissemination of the findings among the industries and twinning with the international institutions having relevant expertise and training.
文摘In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.
文摘The Lie symmetry analysis is performed for the coupled short plus （CSP） equation. We derive the infinitesimals that admit the classical symmetry group. Five types arise depending on the nature of the Lie symmetry generator. In all types, we find reductions in terms of system of ordinary differential equations, and exact solutions of the CSP equation are derived, which are compared with numerical solutions using the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme.
文摘Objective:To explore predictive hematological parameters on admission which are associated with mortality in NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients.Methods:Demographic characteristics,hematological parameters,and the outcome of NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients without any comorbidity and coexisting infections were collected from the Intensive Care Unit and the results were compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups.Results:The mean age was(30.77±11.48)years and 56(56.6%)patients were males.Out of the total 99 patients,72(72.27%)patients were successfully discharged and 27(27.27%)patients eventually succumbed to death.The most common hematological finding was thrombocytopenia(95.95%),followed by anemia(52.52%)and decreased mean platelet volume(37.37%).After controlling other variables,logistic regression analysis showed that absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume were associated with mortality.Conclusions:Total leucocyte count,absolute neutrophil count,and total platelet count are significantly higher,and mean platelet volume is significantly lower in the non-survivor group as compared to the survivor group.Absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume are predictors associated with mortality.
文摘Objectives:To determine COVID-19 mortality and its risk factors in hospitalized patients at of a tertiary care center in north India.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted of patients who were hospitalized from May 2020 to January 2021.The in-hospital mortality was assessed,and demographic variables and comorbidities between COVID-19 deaths and survivors were compared.Results:A total of 24000 patients were admitted during the study period,among which 17000 had shown positive results of the RT-PCR test for COVID-19.The total mortality was 329 patients(1.37%),among which 232(70.52%)succumbed due to COVID-19,and 97(29.48%)died due to other illnesses.The mean age of the patients was(64.09依16.99)years.The mean age was significantly higher in COVID-19 related deaths[(67.63±13.78)years]as compared to that of the survivors[(60.52±19.5)years](P<0.001).Compared to COVID-19 survivors,there were more males(72.41%v.s.61.5%)and less females(27.59%v.s.38.5%)in COVID-19 related deaths(P=0.001).Comorbidities such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and chronic kidney disease showed a significant correlation with COVID-19 mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.389(95%CI:1.465-2.982),3.891(95%CI:2.059-5.392),and 6.358(95%CI:5.675-10.564),respectively.Conclusions:Elderly males with comorbidities have higher risk for mortality related to COVID-19.Ongoing vaccination drive is rightfully prioritised to serve the high-risk category first.
文摘Consistent neglect of complex psychobiological processes involved in human health and diseases often leads to phar-macological discrepancies between preclinical and therapeutic observations. Numerous other pharmacological paradoxes arise from common practices of using dosing schedules in preclinical studies not identical to those in clinical studies. An Ayurveda centered holistic psychopharmacological strategy evolving from our efforts to identify plants potentially useful for preventing and combating illnesses and diseases could be a more rapid, rational, economically feasible, and realistic one for resolving such discrepancies and paradoxes. In this article, some observations made recently to experimentally very this conviction with the use of some well known medicinal plants are summarized and discussed in short. In addition, usefulness of the strategy for identifying edibles potentially useful for health care purposes, or for more objectively understanding “Ayurvedic biology” is pointed out.
文摘In order to understand the tribological behavior of red mud composite coatings, the red mud and composite materials like fly ash, carbon and aluminum are being plasma sprayed. The coatings are investigated to know their morphological behavior and erosion wear characteristics. Plasma spraying is done at different plasma arc current like 200, 250, 300 and 400 amperes. Torch input powers maintained as 6, 9, 12 and 16 KW. The substrates chose are rectangular in shape having a dimension of 50 mm × 25 mm × 2 mm. commercially available aluminum, copper, mild steel and stainless steel being used as substrate. Room temperature solid particle erosion trials are carried out using a compressed air blasting type rig under impact angles of 30o, 60o and 90o. The present investigation uses an erosion apparatus of Sand Blast type. The test is conducted as per ASTMG-76 standards. It is analyzed that initially the cumulative coating mass loss increases rapidly and later on becomes almost stagnant. A transient regime in the erosion process exists, during which the incremental erosion rate decreases monotonically down to a steady state erosion rate.
文摘Fumaria indica is a medicinal plant of the fumitory family wildly growing throughout India. Classical texts of Ayurveda, i.e. the oldest traditionally known health care and medical system originating in Indian subcontinent, mentions diverse medicinal uses of the plant. During more recent decades broad spectrums of therapeutically interesting pharmacological properties of its extracts and secondary metabolites have also been reported. Recent observations made during efforts to define its pharmacological activity profile according to the Ayurvedic concepts of mind body medicine have revealed exceptionally broad spectrums of psychopharmacological activity profiles of diverse types of hydro alcoholic extracts of the plant. These effects of the extracts become apparent after their repeated daily doses only. Taken together with prior preclinical knowledge on the plant, these observations strongly suggest that Fumaria indica could be an easily available source for discovering and developing phyto-pharmaceuticals or drugs potentially useful for treatments of mental health problems commonly associated with numerous physical disorders and chronic diseases. Since several psychoactive and other phytochemical of Fumaria indica are also encountered in other plants commonly used in Chinese and other traditionally known medical systems, observations made and the holistic strategy used for defining its psychopharmacological activity profile could be of interest of others involved in efforts necessary for proper understanding of therapeutic potentials of many plants containing Fumaria alkaloids and other bioactive phytochemicals present in Fumaria indica.
文摘Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures can cause early cracking and rutting failures due to the internal damage accumulated by the high internal pore pressures created at the aggregate-binder interface and/or within the binder phase by heavy traffic loads.Tensile strength ratio(TSR)test results have not been effective indicators of moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures.Therefore,a reliable moisture conditioning method and moisture susceptibility test need to be developed and implemented to determine the possible longterm impact of several new additive technologies on pavement longevity.In this study,different tests and conditioning methods for moisture susceptibility quantification of asphalt mixtures were evaluated,and a new test method incorporating a color measuring device was also developed that could identify the impact of different anti-stripping agents and warm-mix additives on moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures.Results indicated that the moisture-induced stress tester(MIST)conditioned and vacuum conditioned samples showed similar susceptibility towards rutting and moisture.Moreover,the CTindex parameter was not found to correlate with the moisture susceptibility of the mixes.Based on the results of the laboratory investigations,this study recommends the use of a colorimeter in conjunction with the current TSR method to determine the adhesion and cohesion-related moisture susceptibility.
文摘Antarctic krill meal(KM)(Euphausia superba) as a substitute for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets is gaining popularity worldwide. A quantitative approach investigating the efficacy of using this protein on the production performance of aquatic animals remains widely limited. Here, we employed a meta-analysis to quantify the overall effects(Hedges' g [g] value effect size) of KM on the specific growth rate(SGR), feed conversion ratio(FCR), protein efficiency ratio(PER), and survival rate(SR) of several aquaculture species.A total of 22 records published during 2006 to 2022 from different countries, targeting 14 aquatic species,were employed in the present study. Overall, KM has a high nutritional value relative to fishmeal,particularly from the high protein and amino acid composition. Dietary KM significantly increased the overall effect size of SGR(g = 1.92)(P = 0.001);the positive effect was illustrated in marine species(g = 1.32 to 9.10)(P < 0.05) and sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)(g = 6.59)(P < 0.001). The overall g value for FCR(-2.42) was significantly improved compared to the control group(P < 0.001). The inclusion of KM in aquatic animal diets did not affect g value of PER(1.52, 95% confidence interval:-1.04 to 4.07) and survival rate(0.08, 95% confidence interval:-0.63 to 0.79)(P = 0.252 and 0.208, respectively). The metaregression models indicated that SGR of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) was significantly correlated with dietary KM by a positive linear model(P = 0.022). The cod and sturgeon(A. gueldenstaedtii) appeared to efficiently utilize krill-containing diets as illustrated by a negative linear model(P = 0.011 and P = 0.024,respectively) between dietary KM and FCR. Dietary KM positively correlated with PER for Atlantic cod(P = 0.021). Our meta-analysis highlighted the significant outcome of KM in diets for aquaculture species by reducing pressure on forage fish from marine resources and sparing edible foods. Specifically, including KM significantly reduced economic fish-in fish-out(eFIFO) in four taxa-the top forage fish consumers(P < 0.05): marine fish, salmon, shrimp, and trout. The meta-analysis revealed the decreased foodcompetition feedstuff in diets for important aquaculture species(P < 0.05) fed dietary KM. The outlook for efficient use of KM from marine resources in aquafeeds was elucidated in the present work.
